ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. FROM DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF KENYA

Hydro-distilled volatile oils from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) of 13 populations of different silvicultural zones were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aereus, Bacillus spp.) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Samonella typhi, Klebisiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) bacteria and a pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. All the essential oils are active to the tested microbiles with different strength. The highest antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Proteus mirabilis) was observed from the eastern Kenya (Meru) oil. Meru oil was the best and its effectiveness was consistent on nearly all the microbes tested. The oil from the plant growing in the coastal region of Kenya (Mombasa) showed the best effect only on Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Both oils (Meru and Mombasa) were dominated by monoterpenes accounting for 92.48 % and 81.37 % respectively. The monoterpene fraction was characterized by a high percentage of eugenol (68.8 %) for Meru oil and 74.10 % for Mombasa oil. The other major monoterpene was methyl eugenol (13.21 %). Camphor (0.95 %) was observed only in the Meru oil. (Cis)-Ocimene, (trans)-ocimene and β-pinene were present in both Meru and Mombasa oils. The sesquiterpenes present in fairly good amounts in both oils were germacrene D and (trans)-caryophyllene. The minor sesquiterpenes were α-farnesene (0.85 %) and β-bisabolene (0.74 %) which were present in the Meru oil only

Influence of the Environment on Cassava Quality Traits in Central Rift Valley of Kenya

U radu koji slijedi napravit ću komparaciju sustava prijma i napredovanja Belgije, Estonije te Hrvatske. Rad ću započeti objašnjavanjem pojma te navođenjem karakteristika državnih službenika. Nadalje ću objasniti koje vrste klasifikacijskih sustava raspoznajemo, te kako se u svakome od njih primaju i napreduju službenici. Također, navest ću metode i tehnike zapošljavanja i napredovanja koje poznajemo. Osvrnuti ću se na suvremene trendove u zapošljavanju i napredovanju službenika, odnosno kako se sukladno tim trendovima mijenja zapošljavanje i napredovanje. Usporedbu službeničkih sustava započet ću prikazivanjem procedure prijma i napredovanja službenika u Belgiji, slijedom čega isto objašnjavam i za Estoniju. Još detaljnije ću obraditi stanje u Hrvatskoj, a zaključno prilažem tablični pregled sličnosti i razlika svih triju zemalja. U radu se koristim komparativnom metodom kroz analizu dostupnih znanstvenih i stručnih radova