Effects of Age on Cognitive Performance While Sitting and Walking at a Treadmill Workstation

Purpose: This study compared cognitive function and age using the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill work station. Methods: 50 subjects aged 20-69 years completed the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill workstation. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze for an interaction between age and cognition. Results: The results showed a significant increase in reaction time as age increased (p\u3c.01). The results also showed no significant difference in reaction time for any age group between sitting and walking (p\u3e.05). Conclusion: As individuals age there is an expected increase in cognitive and motor function and an increase in reaction time, those limitations are not significantly increased by adding a simultaneous motor task. Heart rate was also recorded during testing. Heart rate rose significantly while walking; however, this increase did not meet ACSM guidelines to improve cardiovascular endurance. While individuals will reap the benefits of increased caloric expenditure, there is no evidence of other benefits to the cardiovascular system

Effects of Age on Cognitive Performance While Sitting and Walking at a Treadmill Workstation

Purpose: This study compared cognitive function and age using the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill work station. Methods: 50 subjects aged 20-69 years completed the Stroop test while sitting and while walking at a self-selected speed at a treadmill workstation. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze for an interaction between age and cognition. Results: The results showed a significant increase in reaction time as age increased (p\u3c.01). The results also showed no significant difference in reaction time for any age group between sitting and walking (p\u3e.05). Conclusion: As individuals age there is an expected increase in cognitive and motor function and an increase in reaction time, those limitations are not significantly increased by adding a simultaneous motor task. Heart rate was also recorded during testing. Heart rate rose significantly while walking; however, this increase did not meet ACSM guidelines to improve cardiovascular endurance. While individuals will reap the benefits of increased caloric expenditure, there is no evidence of other benefits to the cardiovascular system

COVID-19 and Future Implications of Counselor Education and Supervision Programs

Doctoral Theoretical Proposa

Forecasting electricity consumption using SARIMA method in IBM SPSS software

Forecasting is a prediction of future values based on historical data. It can be conducted using various methods such as statistical methods or machine learning techniques. Electricity is a necessity of modern life. Hence, accurate forecasting of electricity demand is important. Overestimation will cause a waste of energy but underestimation leads to higher operation costs. Univesity Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) is a developing Malaysian technical university, therefore there is a need to forecast UTHM electricity consumption for future decisions on generating electric power, load switching, and infrastructure development. The monthly UTHM electricity consumption data exhibits seasonality-periodic fluctuations. Thus, the seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method was applied in IBM SPSS software to predict UTHM electricity consumption for 2019 via Box-Jenkins method and Expert Modeler. There were a total of 120 observations taken from January year 2009 to December year 2018 to build the models. The best model from both methods is SARIMA(0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)12. It was found that the result through the Box-Jenkins method is approximately the same with the result generated through Expert Modeler in SPSS with MAPE of 8.4%

Examining the Social Properties of Oklahoma Agricultural Facebook Pages: A Quantitative Content Analysis

Social media is used by millions of people in the United States, and producers are often encouraged to maintain a social media presence to promote their businesses and agriculture in general. Farmers have deeply entrenched identities. Social identity theory states people self-sort into certain groups. Social comparison and positive distinction are two principles of social identity theory. There is a need to research how agricultural operations are portraying those identities, including how they portray the identities of dissimilar agricultural operations online. This study compared Oklahoma mainstream and alternative producers in a quantitative content analysis of their Facebook pages. The following objectives guided this study: 1) Describe the agricultural operations in Oklahoma present on Facebook, 2. Describe the Facebook presence of agricultural operations in Oklahoma, 3) Describe operations’ expression of social-identity via Facebook, and 4) Compare the communication of alternative and mainstream agricultural operations in Oklahoma. Results of this study indicate that overall agricultural operations do not post frequently. While operations were likely to use positive distinctions to distinguish products from others, they were not likely to use social comparison. Moreover, there were not major differences between mainstream and alternative producers. Qualitative research exploring producers’ sense of identity would be valuable. Future studies should also explore the personal pages of agricultural producers, how producers use other social media outlets, and how the results of this study compare to other states’ producers

Cultivating Identity, Sowing Relationships, Fertilizing Success, and Harvesting Coexistence: Understanding Oklahoma Producer Identity and Relationships

The USDA has identified coexistence, or producers growing food in a variety of ways (conventionally, organic, etc.) in a harmonious manner as a critical challenge and high priority. Despite this call for coexistence and assurance of mutual success, agricultural sectors often have conflicts. Both sides of the niche and mainstream rift tend to pick and choose radical examples of problematic practices to portray the opposition. Producers, more so than most other occupations, have a deeply entrenched occupational identity. Many studies focused on the need for relationships between agricultural producers and the public. No work has been found to understand how producers from different sectors of agriculture view one another. This study sought to understand producers’ identities and the relationships producers have with one another. Results indicate the occupation of farming, family ties, connection and duty to the land, hard work and pride defines producers’ identities. When defining a “good farmer,” producers cited innovation and efficiency, farm succession, passion and joy, and profits as markers of success. The relationships between producers varied. Overall, producers respected other producers enough to make their own choices concerning production. Social media was often mentioned when producers talked about how they communicate with one another

Coauthor Network Analysis of Journal of Applied Communications Articles from 2008-2017

Coauthorship networks offer a glimpse of collaborations within a discipline, illustrating the social networks that enable users to leverage more resources than they could on their own. This study used relational bibliometric data from the last 10 years of the Journal of Applied Communications (JAC) to create a social network analysis. The following research objectives guided this study: 1) Describe authorship, category (i.e., research article, commentary, book review), and number of JAC papers published from 2008 to 2017, 2) Describe the coauthor network characteristics of JAC papers, and 3) Describe the relationship between publication frequency and social network characteristics of authors. Results showed the majority of articles published in JAC were research articles and written by more than one author. Typically, authors who were well connected in the network were those who collaborated with other faculty at their own institution and continued to collaborate with graduate school classmates after graduation. Based on the results, recommendations to broaden connections in agricultural communications included increasing collaborations based on research interests, as opposed to geographic proximity and past working relationships to increase connections across the agricultural communications discipline

It’s complicated: Exploring the internal land-grant brand at Oklahoma State University

Land-grant institutions (LGIs) are tasked with providing accessible education to the common man and improving their quality of life. This study examined faculty members’ interpretations of the land-grant mission and opinions about its future. The theory of branding guided this study. Faculty members are the primary deliverers university missions. Past studies have indicated some personnel are unaware of pieces of the land-grant mission. This is troublesome as a strong internal brand increases the likelihood of a positive public image. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants for 11 focus groups conducted in the summer of 2020. The audio was transcribed and imported into MAXQDA20 and analyzed using Glaser’s constant comparative method to identify themes, which were confirmed by assistant moderators. Participants had multiple definitions of the land-grant mission and interpreted in their work differently. There was a general state of concern for the future, but faculty members had an overall positive outlook on the land-grant mission. Faculty should view their work and behaviors as true building block of the OSU and land-grant brand. Future research should explore the internal brand at other LGIs and university staff, administration, and student perceptions should also be explored.Peer reviewedAgricultural Education, Communication and Leadershi

A Perplexing Process: Understanding How Agricultural Producers Process Best Management Practice Information

Best management practices (BMPs) are suggested practices that help agricultural producers optimize production while reducing pollution, soil erosion, and other environmental impacts. Many audiences, including scientists and policy makers, have expressed disappointment at the current level of BMP use. Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is used to understand how people process messages. ELM states that people can process messages either centrally or peripherally. This study sought to understand how producers processed information related to BMP adoption in grazing systems. Researchers conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 42 beef-cattle producers in Kansas and Oklahoma. It was found producers process information both centrally and peripherally, more specifically ­­through past experiences and visual observations. This study suggests that when promoting BMPs, communicators should use visual cues to help producers process information. More importantly communicators should utilize strategies that encourage producers to reflect on past experiences to promote central processing

The Ever-Evolving Brand of the Land-Grant Institution: A Historical Overview

A brand is a multifaceted system of management choices and consumer responses that distinguishes products, goods, services, or ideas and creates awareness and meaning. In a highly competitive environment, the importance of the branding of universities is continually increasing. Land-Grant Institutions (LGIs) have a long and storied history of serving the public, who may have little awareness of the institutions’ overall missions or importance. This inquiry sought to describe the brand and branding of LGIs over time. The Morrill Act of 1862 established LGIs and their brand as schools of higher learning for the common people. The LGI and its brand was expanded through the Hatch Act of 1887 and Smith-Lever Act of 1914. LGIs have undergone many changes, some of which are name changes. The total number of name changes for all 1862 LGIs is 93. Even though the overall brand of LGIs as a system has changed, adapted, evolved, and rebranded numerous times, the original brand mission and vision have remained intact. Results suggest most LGIs have renamed or rebranded to be more appealing to broader audiences and to populations not directly tied to the agricultural sector and rural America