9,599 research outputs found
Strong One-Dimensional Characteristics of Hole-Carriers in ReS2 and ReSe2.
Each plane of layered ReS2 and ReSe2 materials has 1D chain structure, from which intriguing properties such as 1D character of the exciton states and linearly polarized photoluminescence originate. However, systematic studies on the 1D character of charge carriers have not been done yet. Here, we report on systematic and comparative studies on the energy-momentum dispersion relationships of layered transition metal dichalcogenides ReS2 and ReSe2 by angle resolved photoemission. We found that the valence band maximum or the minimum energy for holes is located at the high symmetric Z-point for both materials. However, the out-of-plane ([Formula: see text]) dispersion for ReSe2 (20 meV) is found to be much smaller than that of ReS2 (150 meV). We observe that the effective mass of the hole carriers along the direction perpendicular to the chain is about 4 times larger than that along the chain direction for both ReS2 and ReSe2. Remarkably, the experimentally measured hole effective mass is about twice heavier than that from first principles calculation for ReS2 although the in-plane anisotropy values from the experiment and calculations are comparable. These observation indicate that bulk ReS2 and ReSe2 are unique semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides having strong one-dimensional characters
Optical nonclassicality test based on third-order intensity correlations
We develop a nonclassicality criterion for the interference of three delayed, but otherwise identical, light fields in a three-mode Bell interferometer. We do so by comparing the prediction of quantum mechanics with those of a classical framework in which independent sources emit electric fields with random phases. In particular, we evaluate third-order correlations among output intensities as a function of the delays, and show how the presence of a correlation revival for small delays cannot be explained by the classical model of light. The observation of a revival is thus a nonclassicality signature, which can be achieved only by sources with a photon-number statistics that is highly sub-Poissonian. Our analysis provides strong evidence for the nonclassicality of the experiment discussed in [Menssen et al., PRL, 118, 153603 (2017)], and shows how a collective "triad" phase affects the interference of any three or more light fields, irrespective of their quantum or classical character
The stransverse mass, MT2, in special cases
This document describes some special cases in which the stransverse mass,
MT2, may be calculated by non-iterative algorithms. The most notable special
case is that in which the visible particles and the hypothesised invisible
particles are massless -- a situation relevant to its current usage in the
Large Hadron Collider as a discovery variable, and a situation for which no
analytic answer was previously known. We also derive an expression for MT2 in
another set of new (though arguably less interesting) special cases in which
the missing transverse momentum must point parallel or anti parallel to the
visible momentum sum. In addition, we find new derivations for already known
MT2 solutions in a manner that maintains manifest contralinear boost invariance
throughout, providing new insights into old results. Along the way, we stumble
across some unexpected results and make conjectures relating to geometric forms
of M_eff and H_T and their relationship to MT2.Comment: 11 pages, no figures. v2 corrects minor typos. v3 corrects an
incorrect statement in footnote 8 and inserts a missing term in eq (3.9). v4
and v5 correct minor typos spotted by reader
Cisplatin induces tolerogenic dendritic cells in response to TLR agonists via the abundant production of IL-10, thereby promoting Th2-and Tr1-biased T-cell immunity
Although many advantageous roles of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) have been reported in cancer therapy, the immunomodulatory roles of cisplatin in the phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of cisplatin on the functionality of DCs and the changes in signaling pathways activated upon toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Cisplatin-treated DCs down-regulated the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II) and up-regulated endocytic capacity in a dose-dependent manner. Upon stimulation with various TLR agonists, cisplatin-treated DCs showed markedly increased IL-10 production through activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B signaling pathways without altering the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-12p70, indicating the cisplatin-mediated induction of tolerogenic DCs. This effect was dependent on the production of IL-10 from DCs, as neither DCs isolated from IL-10(-/-) mice nor IL-10-neutralized DCs generated tolerogenic DCs. Interestingly, DCs that were co-treated with cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a decreased immunostimulatory capacity for inducing the proliferation of Th1- and Th17-type T cells; instead, these DCs contributed to Th2-type T cell immunity. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed a unique T cell population, IL-10-producing CD3(+)CD4(+)LAG-3(+)CD49b(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) Tr1 cells, that was significantly increased without altering the Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell population. Taken together, our results suggest that cisplatin induces immune-suppressive tolerogenic DCs in TLR agonist-induced inflammatory conditions via abundant IL-10 production, thereby skewing Th cell differentiation towards Th2 and Tr1 cells. This relationship may provide cancer cells with an opportunity to evade the immune system.1123Ysciescopu
Cisplatin induces tolerogenic dendritic cells in response to TLR agonists via the abundant production of IL-10, therby promoting Th2- and Tr1-biased T-cell immunity
Although many advantageous roles of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
(II), CDDP) have been reported in cancer therapy, the immunomodulatory roles of
cisplatin in the phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs) are
poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of cisplatin on the functionality
of DCs and the changes in signaling pathways activated upon toll-like receptor (TLR)
stimulation. Cisplatin-treated DCs down-regulated the expression of cell surface
molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II) and up-regulated endocytic capacity in
a dose-dependent manner. Upon stimulation with various TLR agonists, cisplatintreated
DCs showed markedly increased IL-10 production through activation of the
p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways without altering the levels of TNF-α and IL-
12p70, indicating the cisplatin-mediated induction of tolerogenic DCs. This effect was
dependent on the production of IL-10 from DCs, as neither DCs isolated from IL-10-
/- mice nor IL-10-neutralized DCs generated tolerogenic DCs. Interestingly, DCs that
were co-treated with cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a decreased
immunostimulatory capacity for inducing the proliferation of Th1- and Th17-type T
cells; instead, these DCs contributed to Th2-type T cell immunity. Furthermore, in
vitro and in vivo investigations revealed a unique T cell population, IL-10-producing
CD3+CD4+LAG-3+CD49b+CD25-Foxp3- Tr1 cells, that was significantly increased
without altering the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell population. Taken together, our results
suggest that cisplatin induces immune-suppressive tolerogenic DCs in TLR agonistinduced
inflammatory conditions via abundant IL-10 production, thereby skewing Th
cell differentiation towards Th2 and Tr1 cells. This relationship may provide cancer
cells with an opportunity to evade the immune system.1231sciescopu
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