How did the location of industry respond to falling transport costs in Britain before World War I?

This article explores the location of industry in pre–World War I Britain using a model that takes account both of factor endowment and also of New Economic Geography influences. Broadly speaking, the pattern of industrial location in this period was quite persistent and regional specialization changed little. The econometric results show that factor endowments had much stronger effects than proximity to markets, although the latter was an attraction for industries with large plant size. Overall, falling transport costs had relatively little effect on industrial location at a time when proximity to natural resources, notably coal, mattered most

The construction of an inventory of responses to positive affective states

Copyright © 2016 by SAGE Publications Inc.Final published version of article. Open Access article available from the publisher via DOI: 10.1177/2158244015622798We report the construction of the Inventory of Responses to Positive Affective States (IRPAS), a trait, self-report measure of response to positive affect. The IRPAS differs from existing measures by addressing a broad set of responses to positive affect, including but not limited to affect regulation strategies, and by considering relevance to a range of positive affective states. In Study 1, qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 individuals to inform item content. In Study 2, factor analysis of the final item set was conducted using data from 540 individuals. Study 3 investigated convergent and divergent validity and test–retest reliability of the resulting 59-item IRPAS. The IRPAS was found to be reliable and valid, and to make a unique contribution to the literature on response to positive mood. Further validation studies should be conducted; potential applications include exploration of positive affect functioning in both clinical and non-clinical populations

Juvenile Penalties for “Lawyering Up”: The Role of Counsel and Extralegal Case Characteristics

The presence of counsel for juveniles in the courtroom seems advantageous from a due process perspective, yet some studies suggest that juveniles receive harsher dispositions when represented by an attorney. This study tested whether a “counsel penalty” existed regardless of attorney type and, guided by prior sentencing literature, used a more comprehensive model to determine the influence of extralegal and contextual factors that may amplify the counsel penalty. Utilizing official data from a Northeastern state in a multilevel modeling strategy, this study found that regardless of the type of counsel retained, harsher sentences were received as compared with cases in which a juvenile was not represented by counsel even after controlling for offense type. Moreover, minority youth with public defenders and males with private counsel received harsher sentences while community characteristics did not appear to have a significant influence on sentencing decisions

Independence Logic and Abstract Independence Relations

We continue the work on the relations between independence logic and the model-theoretic analysis of independence, generalizing the results of [15] and [16] to the framework of abstract independence relations for an arbitrary AEC. We give a model-theoretic interpretation of the independence atom and characterize under which conditions we can prove a completeness result with respect to the deductive system that axiomatizes independence in team semantics and statistics

Imaging of Sources in Heavy-Ion Reactions

Imaging of sources from data within the intensity interferometry is discussed. In the two-pion case, the relative pion source function may be determined through the Fourier transformation of the correlation function. In the proton-proton case, the discretized source function may be fitted to the correlation data.Comment: 12 pages, 3 postscript figures, accepted Physics Letters

The Time Has Come…For Next-Generation Open Access Models

Libraries, consortia, and publishers are exploring new models to support Open Access (OA) content. Native OA journal publishers are facing a different set of challenges as there is no existing library subscription base to transform into support for OA. Author-pays OA models are challenging to the ecosystem for a variety of reasons. Large institutions with heavy scholarly output may pay more, small institutions that use the content but publish less are wondering what role they will play, and authors from the global south may not have funding to pay Article Processing Charges (APCs). What new models are under exploration to address the complexity of funder mandates, reduce administrative burden of complex APC models, and the need to be more inclusive of a diverse community

Tackling Organizational Equity at Scale, An Academic Library Consortium Responds

This article focuses on the myriad ways the Orbis Cascade Alliance, a regional academic library consortium, has responded to the growing and longstanding need to address equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in library spaces and organizations. Specifically, the article highlights a range of initiatives and approaches to advance EDI that the Alliance believes are in the mutual best interest of Alliance staff, its leadership (Board of Directors and Council), collaborative workforce (Teams and Groups), and ultimately, Alliance member libraries and the users they support

Self, Social, Team, and Situational Factors Influencing Televised Sports Viewership

This study examined personal, social, and team motives associated with the consumption of televised sports (CTS) while taking into consideration market constraints variables. Research participants (N = 304) were university students who responded to a questionnaire that consisted of four segments: (a) watching televised sports, (b) motives for watching televised sports, (c) situational constraints, and (d) demographics. Semi-structured interviews as an ad hoc study were conducted with additional 22 frequent viewers of televised sports to ensure inclusion of all relevant factors affecting CTS. Multiple regression analyses revealed that self, team, and social motives were significant factors (p \u3c .05) related to CTS. Two situational factors (weather and ticket availability) were found to have a significant (p \u3c .01) impact on the CTS. Findings from the interviews further revealed that four conceptual themes affected CTS: individual-related factors, team-related factors, event-related factors, and media features

Geometry-induced asymmetric diffusion

Past work has shown that ions can pass through a membrane more readily in one direction than the other. We demonstrate here in a model and an experiment that for a mixture of small and large particles such asymmetric diffusion can arise solely from an asymmetry in the geometry of the pores of the membrane. Our deterministic simulation considers a two-dimensional gas of elastic disks of two sizes diffusing through a membrane, and our laboratory experiment examines the diffusion of glass beads of two sizes through a metal membrane. In both experiment and simulation, the membrane is permeable only to the smaller particles, and the asymmetric pores lead to an asymmetry in the diffusion rates of these particles. The presence of even a small percentage of large particles can clog a membrane, preventing passage of the small particles in one direction while permitting free flow of the small particles in the other direction. The purely geometric kinetic constraints may play a role in common biological contexts such as membrane ion channels.Comment: published with minuscule change