A Critical Review of "Automatic Patch Generation Learned from Human-Written Patches": Essay on the Problem Statement and the Evaluation of Automatic Software Repair

At ICSE'2013, there was the first session ever dedicated to automatic program repair. In this session, Kim et al. presented PAR, a novel template-based approach for fixing Java bugs. We strongly disagree with key points of this paper. Our critical review has two goals. First, we aim at explaining why we disagree with Kim and colleagues and why the reasons behind this disagreement are important for research on automatic software repair in general. Second, we aim at contributing to the field with a clarification of the essential ideas behind automatic software repair. In particular we discuss the main evaluation criteria of automatic software repair: understandability, correctness and completeness. We show that depending on how one sets up the repair scenario, the evaluation goals may be contradictory. Eventually, we discuss the nature of fix acceptability and its relation to the notion of software correctness.Comment: ICSE 2014, India (2014

Physician-prescribed Asthma Treatment Regimen does not differ Between Smoking and Non-smoking Patients With Asthma in Seoul and Gyunggi province of Korea

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Lauren Weisenfluh and Melissa Stauffer, PhD, in collaboration with SCRIBCO, for medical writing assistance. Funding for this research was provided by Merck & Co., Inc. The authors also wish to thank Eric Maiese and Sharlette Everett for their contributions to the design and implementation of the study and the analytic plan. The authors would also like to thank the study investigators who contributed to patient enrollment and data collection: Drs. Young Il Hwang (Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital), Young Min Ye (Ajou University Medical Center), Joo Hee Kim (Ajou University Medical Center), Heung Woo Park (Seoul National University Hospital), Tae Wan Kim (Seoul National University Hospital), Jae Jeong Shim (Korea University Guro Hospital), Gyu Young Hur (Korea University Guro Hospital), Soo Taek Uh (SoonChunHyang University Hospital), Sang Ha Kim (Wonju Christian Hospital), Myoung Kyu Lee (Wonju Christian Hospital), Soo Keol Lee (Dong-A Medical Center), Jin Hong Chung (Yeungnam University Medical Center), Kyu Jin Kim (Yeungnam University Medical Center), Young Koo Jee (Dankook University Hospital), Kyung Mook Kim (Dankook University Hospital), Young Il Koh (Chonnam National University Hospital), Cheol Woo Kim (Inha university Hospital), You Sook Cho (Seoul Asan Medical Center), Tae Bum Kim (Seoul Asan Medical Center), Jae Myung Lee (Myeong Internal Medicine), Young Mok Lee (Good Friends Internal Medicine), Bong Chun Lee (Namsan Hospital), So Yoen Park (A&A Clinic).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Distribution and sources of linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) in surface sediments from Johor Bahru Coast and the Kim Kim River, Malaysia

This study focuses on sewage pollution, which is one of the most important issues concerning Malaysians. The main location of this study is in Johor Bahru as it is one of the most populated areas in Malaysia. The distribution and sources of linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) were evaluated in surface sediments collected from Johor Bahru Coast and the Kim Kim River, Peninsular Malaysia. The samples were extracted, fractionated and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study found that LABs concentrations ranged from 87.6 to 188.7 ng/g dw and 88.2 to 119.02 ng/g dw in surface sediments from Johor Bahru Coast and the Kim Kim River, respectively. Johor Bahru Coast showed an increasing trend of LABs concentrations due to rapid industrialization and population growth. The ratio of internal to external isomers (I/E ratio) of LABs in sediment samples from Johor Bahru Coast ranged from 1.76 to 2.04 while the I/E ratios in sediments from the Kim Kim River ranged from 1.72 to 1.91. All I/E ratios at Johor Bahru Coast and the Kim Kim River stations indicate that the areas were receiving primary and secondary effluents

Nuclear strategy and leadership change in North Korea : old soju in a new bottle

Sob as lideranças de Kim il-sung e Kim Jong-il,a Coreia do Norte desenvolveu uma estratégia nuclear que misturava ciclicamente ações de confronto e aproximação junto dos restantes atores do palco político do Nordeste Asiático. Essa estratégia visava evitar o fim do programa nuclear de Pyongyang e, de modo complementar, procurava extrair benefícios internacionais através de negociações. Ao suceder ao seu pai, Kim Jong-un trouxe sinais de transformação ao nível da imagem pública da liderança, da predominância dos militares no regime, e da reforma económica. Contudo, a tendência transformadora da nova liderança não se estendeu à estratégia nuclear. Kim Jong-un manteve basicamente intacta a estratégia herdada de Kim Jong-il, uma opção que é perfeitamente ilustrada pelo teste nuclear de 12 de Fevereiro de 2013. Este artigo oferece uma explicação para o facto de a mudança de líder não ter afetado a estratégia nuclear da Coreia do Norte, argumentando que tal se deve à persistência de um contexto internacional negativo para a sobrevivência do regime norte-coreano e à fragilidade política de Kim Jong-un a nível interno

APLIKASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN PENERIMA KARTU IDENTITAS MISKIN (KIM) BERBASIS WEB

Salah satu program pemerintah dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan yaitu dengan memberikan Kartu Identitas Miskin (KIM) kepada warga miskin. Pemberian KIM ini sering tidak tepat sasaran karena data yang diperoleh dari hasil survei terkadang  tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan di lapangan.  Aplikasi ini merupakan sebuah Sistem Penunjang Keputusan (SPK) yang dapat digunakan oleh Instansi pemerintah guna menyeleksi warga miskin yang akan diberikan Kartu Identitas Miskin.  Hal ini dimungkinkan karena sistem ini memiliki 10 kriteria penilaian rumah tangga miskin  yang diperoleh  dari hasil survei dengan memperhatikan berbagai faktor yang dianggap relevan. 10 kriteria tersebuat adalah penghasilan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak, keadaan rumah, kesanggupan biaya berobat, sumber air minum, bahan bakar, kendaraan, status rumah dan simpanan. Dari setiap kriteria akan dipecah menjadi beberapa sub kriteria yang masing-masingnya akan diberikan nilai yang berbeda. Perhitungan nilai akan diproses menggunakan metode perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) yang menghasilkan suatu penilaian untuk membantu pihak instansi di dalam membuat keputusan penentuan penerima Kartu Identitas Miskin (KIM) dan untuk hasil dari keputusan ini bisa dilihat secara online oleh masyarakat

APLIKASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN PENERIMA KARTU IDENTITAS MISKIN (KIM) BERBASIS WEB

Salah satu program pemerintah dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan yaitu dengan memberikan Kartu Identitas Miskin (KIM) kepada warga miskin. Pemberian KIM ini sering tidak tepat sasaran karena data yang diperoleh dari hasil survei terkadang  tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan di lapangan.  Aplikasi ini merupakan sebuah Sistem Penunjang Keputusan (SPK) yang dapat digunakan oleh Instansi pemerintah guna menyeleksi warga miskin yang akan diberikan Kartu Identitas Miskin.  Hal ini dimungkinkan karena sistem ini memiliki 10 kriteria penilaian rumah tangga miskin  yang diperoleh  dari hasil survei dengan memperhatikan berbagai faktor yang dianggap relevan. 10 kriteria tersebuat adalah penghasilan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak, keadaan rumah, kesanggupan biaya berobat, sumber air minum, bahan bakar, kendaraan, status rumah dan simpanan. Dari setiap kriteria akan dipecah menjadi beberapa sub kriteria yang masing-masingnya akan diberikan nilai yang berbeda. Perhitungan nilai akan diproses menggunakan metode perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) yang menghasilkan suatu penilaian untuk membantu pihak instansi di dalam membuat keputusan penentuan penerima Kartu Identitas Miskin (KIM) dan untuk hasil dari keputusan ini bisa dilihat secara online oleh masyarakat

Generalized cylindrical coordinates for characteristic boundary conditions and characteristic interface conditions

The aim of this report is to derive generalized coordinates for the specific case of mapping only the streamwise and radial coordinate of a cylindrical coordinate system, while leaving the azimuthal coordinate unchanged. The characteristic equations and the required matrices for the transformation from conservative to characteristic form are presented for this specific case. All equations and procedures are based on previous work on generalized characteristic boundary conditions (Kim &amp; Lee, 2000) and characteristic interface conditions (Kim &amp; Lee, 2003).<br/