Steady state solutions of hydrodynamic traffic models

We investigate steady state solutions of hydrodynamic traffic models in the absence of any intrinsic inhomogeneity on roads such as on-ramps. It is shown that typical hydrodynamic models possess seven different types of inhomogeneous steady state solutions. The seven solutions include those that have been reported previously only for microscopic models. The characteristic properties of wide jam such as moving velocity of its spatiotemporal pattern and/or out-flux from wide jam are shown to be uniquely determined and thus independent of initial conditions of dynamic evolution. Topological considerations suggest that all of the solutions should be common to a wide class of traffic models. The results are discussed in connection with the universality conjecture for traffic models. Also the prevalence of the limit-cycle solution in a recent study of a microscopic model is explained in this approach.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Effect of geometrical constraint condition on the formation of nanoscale twins in the Ni-based metallic glass composite

We investigated the effect of geometrically constrained stress-strain conditions on the formation of nanotwins in -brass phase reinforced Ni59Zr20 Ti16 Si2 Sn3 metallic glass (MG) matrix deformed under macroscopic uniaxial compression. The specific geometrically constrained conditions in the samples lead to a deviation from a simple uniaxial state to a multi-axial stress state, for which nanocrystallization in the MG matrix together with nanoscale twinning of the brass reinforcement is observed in localized regions during plastic flow. The nanocrystals in the MG matrix and the appearance of the twinned structure in the reinforcements indicate that the strain energy is highly confined and the local stress reaches a very high level upon yielding. Both the effective distribution of reinforcements on the strain enhancement of composite and the effects of the complicated stress states on the development of nanotwins in the second-phase brass particles are discussed

Evaluation of synergistic effect between ethyl formate and phosphine for control of three species Aphids in perishable commodity

Methyl bromide (MB) as a fumigant for Quarantine and Pre-shipment (QPS) could offer eradication of target pests within shorter fumigation period and without phytotoxicity. Therefore, unlike MB alternatives for soil fumigation, there is no ideally MB alternative fumigant for QPS purpose, particularly for perishable commodities. It is critically important that within shorter fumigation time requires killing all target insect pests and without effect of quality and deliver treated fruit and vegetables to the final consumer. Aphids are pests frequently found in imported and exported fruit and vegetables. Aphids was known as quarantine pest hard to control when conduct short period fumigation with phosphine (PH3) and low dose of ethyl formate (EF). Ethyl formate can lead to highly sorption and phytotoxic damage of some perishable commodities such as strawberries and cut flowers, especially at lower temperature (< 8°C). Here, we reported that synergistic effect between ethyl formate and phosphine at lower dosages and temperature. The mixture of ethyl formate and phosphine had synergistic effect to control adult and nymph stages of tested cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). When 0.5 mg/L of PH3 combined with different levels of EF at 5 and 20°C for 2 hours fumigation, there was significantly difference in terms of LCT50% and LCT90% values in comparison with EF or PH3 alone. This new technology could be meet QPS requirement that is shorter exposure time and less damage of perishable commodities

Experimental Study on Condition Monitoring of Low Speed Bearings : Time Domain Analysis

In condition monitoring of low speed rolling element bearings (REBs), traditional techniques involving vibration acceleration may not be able to detect a growing fault due to the low impact energy generated by the relative motion of the components. This study presents an experimental evaluation for incipient fault detection of low speed REBs by using an acoustic emission (AE) sensor and an accelerometer. A low speed fault simulation test rig was developed to simulate common machine faults with shaft speeds as low as 10rpm under loading conditions. Tests were conducted on the rig with various seeded defect bearings. This study reveals the best frequency bandwidth and suitable parameters for condition monitoring using AE signal for early detection of low speed bearing defects by means of statistical parameters in time domain

Collegiate Aviation Students’ Perceptions towards the Integration of Diversity and Inclusion Training: A Qualitative Case Study

Multiple industries have become more supportive and engaging places to work by embedding diversity, equity, and inclusion within their institutional processes. Institutions of higher education have seen the educational benefits of integrating diversity and inclusion principles within their program outcomes. Notably, the aviation industry has seen an increase in diversity, equity, and inclusion practices to attract more customers and increase the number of potential applicants. Yet, there is scant literature on how aviation students at collegiate flight institutions perceive the integration of diversity and inclusion training within the airline industry as part of their career development. This study aimed to understand the graduating aeronautical science students’ perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion training in the aviation industry through the diversity training effectiveness theoretical framework

Coordinate Representation of the One-Spinon One-Holon Wavefunction and Spinon-Holon Interaction

By deriving and studying the coordinate representation for the one-spinon one-holon wavefunction we show that spinons and holons in the supersymmetric $t - J$ model with $1/r^2$ interaction attract each other. The interaction causes a probability enhancement in the one-spinon one-holon wavefunction at short separation between the particles. We express the hole spectral function for a finite lattice in terms of the probability enhancement, given by the one-spinon one-holon wavefunction at zero separation. In the thermodynamic limit, the spinon-holon attraction turns into the square-root divergence in the hole spectral function.Comment: 20 pages, 3 .eps figure

Organisation of carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires using lateral alumina templates

International audienceCarbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires have been thoroughly studied for the future replacement of silicon-based com- plementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices and circuits. However, the organisation of these nanomaterials in dense transistor arrays, where each device is capable of delivering drive currents comparable with those of their silicon counterparts is still a big challenge. Here, we present a novel approach to the organisation of carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires, based on the use of porous lateral alumina templates obtained by the controlled anodic oxidation of aluminium thin films. We discuss the growth of nanomaterials inside the pores of such templates and show the feasibility of our approach. Our first results point to further work on controlling the synthesis of catalyst nanoparticles at the bottom of the pores, these particles being necessary to nucleate and sustain the growth of carbon nanotubes or semiconductor nanowires