71 research outputs found
Effect of 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic Acid in Superconformal Cu Electroless Deposition
Superconformal Cu electroless deposition is demonstrated in a CuSO4âEDTAâHCHO (where EDTA is ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid) electrolyte containing 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBIS). MBIS reveals a concentration-dependent effect in
the deposition rate on planar substrates, whereby acceleration at low concentration and suppression at high concentration are
evident. The half-cell reaction experiments show that the acceleration effect of MBIS is mainly associated with the cathodic
reaction, while MBIS inhibits the oxidation of HCHO in the anodic reaction. The addition of MBIS offers preferential Cu
electroless deposition at the bottom of 500 nm wide trenches. Poly(ethylene glycol) improved the surface roughness, maintaining
the shape evolution of superconformal feature filling.The authors are grateful to Dr. Thomas P. Moffat at NIST for
helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Nano R&D
program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (no.
2008-02857
Optimization of a Pretreatment for Copper Electroless Deposition on Ta Substrates
We investigated pretreatment methods for Cu electroless deposition on a Ta substrate. The native oxide on the substrate was
effectively etched by the addition of HNO3 to a HF diluted solution and this was confirmed though X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and chronopotentiometry. To form the Pd catalyst for Cu electroless deposition, a two-step Sn sensitization and Pd
activation was carried out. The oxide removal enhanced the adsorption of the Sn ions on the Ta substrate and led to well
distributed Pd clusters through Pd activation. By measuring the resistivity of the film, the Sn sensitization time and the Pd
activation time were optimized through changes in the incubation time, at which the sheet resistance abruptly decreased by the film
formation via the coalescence of Cu grains. The resistivity of the Cu electroless film deposited using the optimized pretreatment
conditions was 3.59 cm, which was further reduced to 2.7 cm through an annealing process.This work was supported by KOSEF through the Research Center
for Energy Conversion and Storage RCECS , Dongbu Electronics,
and by the Institute of Chemical Processes ICP
Two-step filling in Cu electroless deposition using a concentration-dependent effect of 3-N,N-dimethylaminodithiocarbamoyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
This paper describes electroless Cu filling of trenches with different widths ranging from 130 to 300 nm, using a concentrationdependent
effect of 3-N,N-dimethylaminodithiocarbamoyl-1-propanesulfonic acid DPS . With a fixed DPS concentration, it is
shown that these trenches with different dimensions cannot be superfilled simultaneously. This is presumably caused by different
surface concentrations of the adsorbed additive, which depends on the feature size and surface area. A two-step filling method is
employed to superfill those trenches, which is also effective in control of the deposited Cu amounts to obtain uniform growth front
regardless of the trench dimensions.This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation grant
funded by the Korean Government MOEHRD grant no. KRF-
2006-352-D00052 . The authors are grateful for the support of the
Research Center for Energy Conversion and Storage RCECS ,
Dongbu HiTek Company, Ltd., and the Institute of Chemical Processes
ICP
Complete genome sequence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015, isolated in South Korea
The full genome sequence of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified from cultured and isolated in Vero cells. The viral genome sequence has high similarity to 53 human MERS-CoVs, ranging from 99.5% to 99.8% at the nucleotide level. © 2015 Kim et al.
Cultured human chromaffin cells grafted in spinal subarachnoid space relieves allodynia in a pain rat model
Up-regulation of inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation gene during alendronate-induced osteoblast differentiation
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate collagen antibody-induced autoimmune arthritis by inducing expression of FCGIIB receptors
Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications
in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or
magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal
stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction
of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particlesâ
surface is essential. During this process, the original
coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded
ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the
silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more
than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In
this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces
ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically
accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove
the generic character, different functional groups were
introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol
chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their
colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as
well as human plasma and serum was investigated to
allow implementation in biomedical and sensing
applications.status: publishe
The Effect of Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section on Hemodynamics in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia
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