Evaluate effect of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process parameter on intergranular corrosion of ss304l weld

Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is the most common type of stainless steel which offers excellent weldability and mechanical properties. ASS is being used for various applications i.e. automotive, oil and gas and chemical industries in which the welding process plays a prominent role. Welding process selection is the main factor that emphasizes mechanical and corrosion resistance properties in various aggressive environments. There are various corrosion occurs in ASS but intergranular corrosion (IGC) forms during welding at elevated temperatures. IGC mainly occurs at grain boundaries of structure and resulting chromium depletion due to precipitation of chromium carbide at the grain boundary. In present work pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) process was used to investigate intergranular corrosion by oxalic acid test as per ASTM A262 Practice A. Experiments performed based on Taguchi L9 using design of experiments and corrosion rates are evaluated at base metal, heat affected zone and weld zone. This work is aimed to optimize process parameters followed by regression analysis to IGC susceptibility in the weldment. In this investigation, it has been found from ANOVA and main effects plots that peak current and base current are the most significant parameters in the PCGTAW process. The results of the corrosion test revealed that heat affected zone is more susceptible to IGC. At the end, it has been observed that the optimum value of peak current, base current and frequency based on regression analysis are 100 A, 50 A and 6 Hz respectively

Microbiological profile of diabetic foot ulcers and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a teaching hospital, Gujarat

Background: Diabetic foot lesions are a major medical, social and economic problem and are the leading cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes worldwide. Infection sometimes leads to amputation of the infected foot if not treated promptly. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the bacterial pathogens associated with diabetic foot ulcer and to find out its antibiotic susceptibility pattern to reduce the risk of complications.Methods: Total 100 pus samples were collected from patients having diabetic foot ulcer, during July to October 2012. Samples were processed as per standard guidelines.Results: Out of 100 pus samples, 73 (73%) yielded growth of organisms making total of 92 isolates. Out of 92 bacterial isolates, 72 were gram negative and 20 were gram positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25 (27%) was most common isolate causing diabetic foot infections followed by 20 (22%) Klebsiella sp., 17 (19%) E. coli, 15 (17%) S. aureus, 6 (7%) Proteus sp. and 4(3%) Enterococci, 2 (2%) Acinetobacter sp. and 2(2%) CONS and 1(1%) Providencia. Out of 72 GNB, 50 (69.4%) were extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producer. Most gram negative isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin-sulbactam and gatifloxacin. All GNB were sensitive to imipenem. Out of 15 S. aureus, 9 (60%) were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Conclusions: Pseudomonas sp. was the most common cause of infections.  Most isolates were multi drug resistance

Electronic structure of carbon-free silicon oxynitride films grown using an organic precursor hexamethyl-disilazane

Silicon oxynitride films are grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on single-crystal Si(100) and textured Si solar cells, using a safe organic precursor, hexamethyl-disilazane. Using the Lucovsky-Phillips criterion of bond coordination constraints, we grow high-quality thin (~20 Å) and thick (up to 2700 Å) films which are carbon free (<1.0{%}) as characterized by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles. Core-level and valence band XPS is used to conclusively identify oxynitride bonding and band gap reduction in SiOxNy. For a λ/4 'blue' anti-reflection coating on the solar cells with uniform thickness (870± 15 Å) and composition (SiO1.6± 0.1N0.3± 0.05), an efficiency (AM 1) increase of 1{%} is obtained

Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of blood culture isolates from patients of rural tertiary care hospital

Microbial invasion of blood stream is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Identification of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from blood culture would guide the antibiotics treatment for patients with bacteremia. 1) To determine age – wise blood culture positivity rate in bacteremia 2) To identify age – wise common bacterial species isolates in bacteremia 3) To determine Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates. Atotal of 247 blood culture samples received from various clinical departments of rural teaching hospital from August 2013 to September 2015 were included in the study. Samples were collected in brain heart infusion broth. Identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per standard microbiological methods. Out of 247 specimens bacteria sp. was isolated from 46 (18.62%) samples. Blood culture positivity was noted highest among neonates age group (38.71%). Lowest rate was observed among elders (4.55%). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONs), and S. aureus were common blood culture isolates. In neonates Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate. Out of 27 gram negative bacilli, 14 (51.85%) were extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) positive. High resistance was noted against amoxycillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and third generation cephalosporins in all gram negative organisms except, S. typhi. Out of 12 Staphylococcus sp., none of these were methicillin resistant. Routine antibiotic susceptibility surveillance helps in choice of antibiotics for treatment, identification of resistance and control of its spread. Published by the International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma longa flower extract and antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) possess inherent biological potentials that have obliged an alternative, eco-friendly, sustainable approach to "Green Synthesis." In the present study, we synthesized Green Silver Nanoparticles (GAgNP's) using Curcuma longa L. (C. longa) flower extract as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized GAgNP's were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), which confirmed their homogeneity and physical characteristics. The GAgNP's were found to contain crystalline silver through XRD, and the particles were confirmed to be homogeneous and spherical with a size of approximately 5 nm, as evidenced by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, and HR-TEM. In addition, the biological potential of GAgNP's was evaluated for their antibacterial activities. GAgNP's showed significant activity and formed different sizes of inhibition zones against all selected bacteria: Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) (26 mm), Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (22 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (18 mm), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (13 mm). The MIC value of GAgNP's was found to be between 625 ug/mL-39.06 ug/mL for different microbes tested. With further research, the green synthesis of GAgNP's using C. longa flower extracts could lead to the development of effective antibacterial treatments in the medical field

TDLR: Top (\u3cem\u3eSemantic\u3c/em\u3e)-Down (\u3cem\u3eSyntactic\u3c/em\u3e) Language Representation

Language understanding involves processing text with both the grammatical and common-sense contexts of the text fragments. The text “I went to the grocery store and brought home a car” requires both the grammatical context (syntactic) and common-sense context (semantic) to capture the oddity in the sentence. Contextualized text representations learned by Language Models (LMs) are expected to capture a variety of syntactic and semantic contexts from large amounts of training data corpora. Recent work such as ERNIE has shown that infusing the knowledge contexts, where they are available in LMs, results in significant performance gains on General Language Understanding (GLUE) benchmark tasks. However, to our knowledge, no knowledge-aware model has attempted to infuse knowledge through top-down semantics-driven syntactic processing (Eg: Common-sense to Grammatical) and directly operated on the attention mechanism that LMs leverage to learn the data context. We propose a learning framework Top-Down Language Representation (TDLR) to infuse common-sense semantics into LMs. In our implementation, we build on BERT for its rich syntactic knowledge and use the knowledge graphs ConceptNet and WordNet to infuse semantic knowledge

Weld strength and cracking susceptibility analysis of pulsed TIG welded Al-Mg-Si alloy by experimental approach

Aluminium is a non ferrous corrosive resistance metal mainly used in automotive coolers, inter coolers and radiators. They are the part of automobile vehicles and made from aluminium alloys. The joints in this application are created by fusion welding process specifically Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Pulsed current TIG (PCTIG) welding process. The working temperature range of different coolers, radiators are 20° C to 300° C and pressure ranges from 2.5 bar to 3.5 bar. During actual working of coolers, the weld joint experiences sudden high level and low level temperature changes. These will create high thermal stresses in the joints. It leads to cracking in the weld region and create failure of the weld joints. Various factors such as mechanical, metallurgical and thermal are responsible for cracking in the weld joints. Range of solidification temperature is one of metallurgical factor, stress generation is mechanical factor and cooling rate of weld metal is thermal factor for cracking. Houldcroft weldability test is employed to identify the cracking susceptibility (CS) of the weld. The current investigation is intended to discover the effect of pulse TIG welding process parameters on the mechanical properties and cracking susceptibility of precipitated aluminium Al-Mg-Si alloy. Diverse pulsed TIG welding process parameters such as peak current (Ip), base current (Ib) and frequency (f) were investigated with the objective of identify the tensile strength, yield strength and cracking susceptibility. The corresponding findings of optimum parameters are 180 peak current (Ip), 60 A base current (Ib) and at 6 Hz frequency (f) with tensile strength of 185.55 MP, yield strength 156.62 MPa. The significant of each parameter for tensile strength are Ip, Ib, Ip*Ib, Ip*f and Ib*f. The corresponding contributions in % are 14.56, 49.49, 12.26, 5.44, 12.15, 5.04, and 1.05 respectively. The statistical method such as Taguchi was employed for experiment design. Weldability test (Fishbone test) was performed on standard specimen and the cracking susceptibility index was identified. The cracking susceptibility index 5.26 % were observed with the value of 180 A of Ip, 80 A of Ib & 2 Hz of frequency (f).The results give an idea about the effect of pulsed TIG welding parameters on mechanical properties and cracking susceptibility

PPARδ Activation Acts Cooperatively with 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase-1 to Enhance Mammary Tumorigenesis

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ (PPARδ) is a transcription factor that is associated with metabolic gene regulation and inflammation. It has been implicated in tumor promotion and in the regulation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). PDK1 is a key regulator of the AGC protein kinase family, which includes the proto-oncogene AKT/PKB implicated in several malignancies, including breast cancer. To assess the role of PDK1 in mammary tumorigenesis and its interaction with PPARδ, transgenic mice were generated in which PDK1 was expressed in mammary epithelium under the control of the MMTV enhancer/promoter region. Transgene expression increased pT308AKT and pS9GSK3β, but did not alter phosphorylation of mTOR, 4EBP1, ribosomal protein S6 and PKCα. The transgenic mammary gland also expressed higher levels of PPARδ and a gene expression profile resembling wild-type mice maintained on a diet containing the PPARδ agonist, GW501516. Both wild-type and transgenic mice treated with GW501516 exhibited accelerated rates of tumor formation that were more pronounced in transgenic animals. GW501516 treatment was accompanied by a distinct metabolic gene expression and metabolomic signature that was not present in untreated animals. GW501516-treated transgenic mice expressed higher levels of fatty acid and phospholipid metabolites than treated wild-type mice, suggesting the involvement of PDK1 in enhancing PPARδ-driven energy metabolism. These results reveal that PPARδ activation elicits a distinct metabolic and metabolomic profile in tumors that is in part related to PDK1 and AKT signaling

Deep Learning for Toxic Comment Detection in Online Platforms

This research aimed to explore the use of Deep Learning Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for toxic comment classification on social media and online forums. The prevalence of toxic interactions on these platforms has reached an all-time high, resulting in a decline in digital civility. The research reviews various algorithms and techniques for building promising ANNs and compares the performance of three chosen models on the Kaggle competition dataset to determine the best-performing ANN for this data problem. The study includes a detailed overview of the background and techniques used for building and achieving the targeted results using Python and its libraries. It also covers technical aspects such as the building process, training, results, and evaluation, comparing the datasets using graphs and similar methods with the help of Python and its libraries. Classifying the nature of hate comments will provide flexibility for platforms to deal with them and open doors for new discussions and solutions