Exploiting the weekly cycle as observed over Europe to analyse aerosol indirect effects in two climate models: Exploiting the weekly cycle as observed over Europe to analyseaerosol indirect effects in two climate models

A weekly cycle in aerosol pollution and some meteorological quantities is observed over Europe. In the present study we exploit this effect to analyse aerosol-cloudradiation interactions. A weekly cycle is imposed on anthropogenic emissions in two general circulation models that include parameterizations of aerosol processes and cloud microphysics. It is found that the simulated weekly cycles in sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and aerosol optical depth in both models agree reasonably well with those observed indicating model skill in simulating the aerosol cycle. A distinct weekly cycle in cloud droplet number concentration is demonstrated in both observations and models. For other variables, such as cloud liquid water path, cloud cover, top-of-the-atmosphere radiation fluxes, precipitation, and surface temperature, large variability and contradictory results between observations, model simulations, and model control simulations without a weekly cycle in emissions prevent us from reaching any firm conclusions about the potential aerosol impact on meteorology or the realism of the modelled second aerosol indirect effects

Exploiting the weekly cycle as observed over Europe to analyse aerosol indirect effects in two climate models: Exploiting the weekly cycle as observed over Europe to analyseaerosol indirect effects in two climate models

A weekly cycle in aerosol pollution and some meteorological quantities is observed over Europe. In the present study we exploit this effect to analyse aerosol-cloudradiation interactions. A weekly cycle is imposed on anthropogenic emissions in two general circulation models that include parameterizations of aerosol processes and cloud microphysics. It is found that the simulated weekly cycles in sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and aerosol optical depth in both models agree reasonably well with those observed indicating model skill in simulating the aerosol cycle. A distinct weekly cycle in cloud droplet number concentration is demonstrated in both observations and models. For other variables, such as cloud liquid water path, cloud cover, top-of-the-atmosphere radiation fluxes, precipitation, and surface temperature, large variability and contradictory results between observations, model simulations, and model control simulations without a weekly cycle in emissions prevent us from reaching any firm conclusions about the potential aerosol impact on meteorology or the realism of the modelled second aerosol indirect effects

Comparing wavelengths simulated by the coastal wave model CWAM and TerraSAR-X satellite data

The accuracy of the high resolution coastal wave forecast model CWAM is validated on the basis of sea state information from satellite images of TerraSAR-X (TS-X). Employing 2-dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation, image spectra are derived from TS-X and locally varying patterns of the peak wavelengths are provided. Subsequently, wavelength comparisons are performed between a typical set of TS-X scenes acquired in December 2013 over the German Bight and the model hindcasts. This results mostly in reasonable agreement. Potential wave modelling errors are discussed as well

Sea State from High Resolution Satellite-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

The Sea Sate Processor (SSP) was developed for fully automatic processing of high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X (TS-X) satellites and implemented into the processing chain for Near Real Time (NRT) services in the DLR Ground Station "Neustrelitz". The NRT chain was organised and tested to provide the processed data to the German Weather Service (DWD) in order to validate the new coastal forecast model CWAM (Coastal WAve Model) in the German Bight of the North Sea with 900 m horizontal resolution. The NRT test-runs, wherein the processed TS-X data were transferred to DWD and then incorporated into forecast products reach the best performance about 10 min for delivery of processed TS-X data to DWD server after scene acquisition. To do this, a new empirical algorithm XWAVE_C (C = coastal) for estimation of significant wave height from X-band satellite-borne SAR data has been designed for coastal applications. The algorithm is based on the spectral analysis of subscenes and the empirical model function yields an estimation of integrated sea state parameters directly from SAR image spectra without transformation into wave spectra. To provide the raster coverage analysis, the SSP intends three steps of recognising and removing the influence of non-sea-state-produced signals in the Wadden Sea areas such as ships, buoys, dry sandbars as well as nonlinear SAR image distortions produced by e.g. short and breaking waves. For the validation, more than 150 TS-X StripMap scene sequences with a coverage of ~30 km × 300 km across the German Bight since 2013 were analysed and compared with in situ Buoy measurements from 6 different locations. On this basis, the SSP autonomous processing of TS-X Stripmap images has been confirmed to have a high accuracy with an error RMSE = 25 cm for the total significant wave height

Leave Me Alone With Your Symptoms! Social Exclusion at the Workplace Mediates the Relationship of Employee's Mental Illness and Sick Leave

Although a substantial part of employees suffers from a mental illness, the work situation of this population still is understudied. Previous research suggests that people with a mental illness experience discrimination in the workplace, which is known to have detrimental effects on health. Building on the stereotype content model and allostatic load theory, the present study investigated whether employees with a mental illness become socially excluded at the workplace and therefore show more days of sick leave. Overall, 86 employees diagnosed with a mental disorder were interviewed and completed online-surveys. Path analyses supported the hypotheses, yielding a serial mediation: The interview-rated severity of the mental disorder had an indirect effect on the days of sick leave, mediated by the symptomatic burden and the social exclusion at the workplace. In the light of the costs associated with absenteeism the present paper highlights the harmfulness of discrimination. Organizations and especially supervisors need to be attentive for signs of exclusion within their teams and try to counteract as early as possible

Meteorological observations during POLARSTERN cruise PS122/1

The meteorological observatory Polarstern issues synoptical reports every 3 hours during times of ship operation. The reports are distritubed via global networks of the World Meteorological Organisation. When designated weather observers are onboard manual observations are included in the reports. For times that are not covered by an observer automatic reports are issued. All observations are made in compliance with standards of the World Meteorological Organisation and those of the German Weather Service (DWD). This dataset compiles all synoptical reports issued during Polarstern cruise PS122/1