Control of the appleseed moth Grapholita lobarzewskii Ragonot in organic fruit growing

Several products were tested for their efficacy in control of the apple seed moth (Grapholita lobarzewskii Ragonot). None of them had a good efficacy. With several treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis an efficacy about 50 % could be achieved. An early treatment before egg-laying seem to improve the results. Quassia extract (9 g Quassin/ha/m tree height) gave efficacy about 50-60 % even if treated only once. NeemAzal gave only moderate efficacy (about 40-50 %). Mating disruption method was effective if the populations were not too high when the treatements were started. With high populations there was no sufficient control in the first year of application

Zur Regulierung des Kleinen Fruchtwicklers Grapholita lobarzewskii Ragonot

Several products were tested for their efficacy in control of the apple seed moth (Grapholita lobarzewskii Ragonot). None of them had a good efficacy. With several treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis an efficacy about 50 % could be achieved. An early treatment before egg-laying seem to improve the results. Quassia extract (9 g Quassin/ha/m tree height) gave efficacy about 50-60 % even if treated only once. NeemAzal gave only moderate efficacy (about 40-50 %). Mating disruption method was effective if the populations were not too high when the treatements were started. With high populations there was no sufficient control in the first year of application

Mechanical failure of total hip arthroplasties and associated risk factors

Introduction Mechanical failure of total hip arthroplasties is a rare but devastating complication. With increasing numbers in primary arthroplasty implantation, revision surgeries are indicated more often. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and the location of failure is essential in determining proper treatment. Aim of this study was to identify mechanical failures of all total hip arthroplasties performed in a major academic center as well as the associated risk factors such as BMI and sports. Methods A retrospective trial was conducted using our prospective arthroplasty database. Database was searched for all patients presenting with mechanical failures of total hip arthroplasty (THA) to the emergency department between 2011 and 2019. All medical charts and radiographs as well as surgical reports were analyzed to identify demographics, implant choice in addition to location of failure and subsequent treatment. Results In total, 13 patients suffering from mechanical total hip implant failure were found. The femoral neck (conus) was broken in four patients, the stem in five cases, one broken inlay, two cup failures and one conus dislocation. The mean BMI was 31.42 +/- 5.29 kg/m(2) including five patients who have obesity class II. In all cases, revision surgeries were indicated. No structural causes or underlying risk factors such as repeated physical load (i.e. in sports) were identified. Conclusion Implant failure does not seem to correlate with participation in sports or BMI. Catastrophic failure of implants is a technical challenge requiring special extraction instruments that can be difficult even for experienced surgeons. It should be noted that functional outcome is often worse for this group of patients after surgery than comparing against those revised for loosening

Evaluation of frameworks of analysis employed in studies of exclusion zones

The purpose of this Work Package is to examine the various approaches to analysing fishery exclusion zones (FEZs) and to identify the circumstances in which one approach might be preferred to another. Our concern here is not so much with answering questions about exclusion zones - these being dealt with in later Work Packages - as with articulating the questions themselves and in understanding how in principle they could be addressed. An important theme is the precision with which questions need to be answered, since this will determine the type of information collected and how such information is analysed. The question ' is an exclusion zone likely to improve the condition of this fishery ?' is less precise and less demanding of data than the question ' by how much will an exclusion zone improve this fishery ?' since it could in principle be answered by expert judgement rather than quantitative analysis. In practice fisheries managers may be confronted with situations where decisions have to be made quickly, and qualitative answers may be the only thing possible in circumstances where data cannot be obtained in the available time. The Work Package will look at FEZs from a number of different perspectives, but its dominant concern is with the information – principally in the form of socio-economic and biological indicators - needed by fisheries managers in order to evaluate the effectiveness of FEZs. To contextualise the discussion we start by outlining a paradigm for understanding the linkages between human activities and the environment, showing how it can be applied to fisheries and marine resources. The Work Package then considers the substantive information requirements of fisheries managers, commencing with socio-economic assessment and moving on to a review of biological assessment and the progress which has been made in the development of mathematical models of FEZs. Bio-economic modelling, which is essentially a specialised type of socio-economic assessment in which explicit account is taken of the interaction between the biological and economic components of the fishing system, is dealt with in the final section

Candida spondylodiscitis:a systematic review and meta-analysis of seventy two studies

Objectives: Knowledge of Candida spondylodiscitis is limited to case reports and smaller case series. Controversy remains on the most effective diagnostical and therapeutical steps once Candida is suspected. This systematic review summarized all cases of Candida spondylodiscitis reported to date concerning baseline demographics, symptoms, treatment, and prognostic factors.Methods: A PRISMA-based search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and OVID Medline was performed from database inception to November 30, 2022. Reported cases of Candida spondylodiscitis were included regardless of Candida strain or spinal levels involved. Based on these criteria, 656 studies were analyzed and 72 included for analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves, Fisher’s exact, and Wilcoxon’s rank sum tests were performed.Results: In total, 89 patients (67% males) treated for Candida spondylodiscitis were included. Median age was 61 years, 23% were immunocompromised, and 15% IV drug users. Median length of antifungal treatment was six months, and fluconazole (68%) most commonly used. Thirteen percent underwent debridement, 34% discectomy with and 21% without additional instrumentation. Median follow-up was 12 months. The two year survivorship free of death was 80%. The two year survivorship free of revision was 94%. Younger age (p = 0.042) and longer length of antifungal treatment (p = 0.061) were predictive of survival.Conclusion: Most patients affected by Candida spondylodiscitis were males in their sixties, with one in four being immunocompromised. While one in five patients died within two years of diagnosis, younger age and prolonged antifungal treatment might play a protective role.</p

Fisheries Exclusion Zones: Value and its sensitivity to data uncertainty

This paper focuses on the findings of the project that pertain particularly to the determination of the value of fisheries exclusion zones and the sensitivity of value estimation to data uncertainty. It necessarily draws on both the lite rature review and the case studies and in terms of its content extracts, presents and su mmarises the pertinent material therein covered. By collating this material a more directed consid eration of the topic of value is facilitated and the findings of the study as a whole more clear ly highlighted, and through consideration of uncertainty, also qualified

Generic Model Refactorings

Many modeling languages share some common concepts and principles. For example, Java, MOF, and UML share some aspects of the concepts\ud of classes, methods, attributes, and inheritance. However, model\ud transformations such as refactorings specified for a given language\ud cannot be readily reused for another language because their related\ud metamodels may be structurally different. Our aim is to enable a\ud flexible reuse of model transformations across various metamodels.\ud Thus, in this paper, we present an approach allowing the specification\ud of generic model transformations, in particular refactorings, so\ud that they can be applied to different metamodels. Our approach relies\ud on two mechanisms: (1) an adaptation based mainly on the weaving\ud of aspects; (2) the notion of model typing, an extension of object\ud typing in the model-oriented context. We validated our approach by\ud performing some experiments that consisted of specifying three well\ud known refactorings (Encapsulate Field, Move Method, and Pull Up Method)\ud and applying each of them onto three different metamodels (Java,\ud MOF, and UML)

Classical Cepheid Pulsation Models. III. The Predictable Scenario

Within the current uncertainties in the treatment of the coupling between pulsation and convection, limiting amplitude, nonlinear, convective models appear the only viable approach for providing theoretical predictions about the intrinsic properties of radial pulsators. In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive set of Cepheid models computed within such theoretical framework for selected assumptions on their original chemical composition.Comment: 24 pages, 1 latex file containing 6 tables, 10 postscript figures, accepted for publication on Ap