RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOINT ANGLES AND X-FACTOR IN GOLF SWING

The X-Factor is the most commonly investigated performance parameter in the golf. Although there are several studies have reported the relationship between X-Factor and clubhead speed, ball velocity and golfing skills. However, the associated joint kinematics required to attain large X-Factor during the golf swing has received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to identify the key joint angles that are associated with X-Factor. Ten low handicap male golfers participated in this study. The motion capture system was used to record full body motion. The results indicate the key joints that associate with the X-factor during two phases of swing. This study provides fundamentals of the movement mechanisms of the major joints and their relationship with the X-Factor that can be integrated with coaches and players to improve the golfing skill

Text Characterization Toolkit

In NLP, models are usually evaluated by reporting single-number performance scores on a number of readily available benchmarks, without much deeper analysis. Here, we argue that - especially given the well-known fact that benchmarks often contain biases, artefacts, and spurious correlations - deeper results analysis should become the de-facto standard when presenting new models or benchmarks. We present a tool that researchers can use to study properties of the dataset and the influence of those properties on their models' behaviour. Our Text Characterization Toolkit includes both an easy-to-use annotation tool, as well as off-the-shelf scripts that can be used for specific analyses. We also present use-cases from three different domains: we use the tool to predict what are difficult examples for given well-known trained models and identify (potentially harmful) biases and heuristics that are present in a dataset

An Upgrade for the 1.4 MeV/u Gas Stripper at the GSI UNILAC

The GSI UNILAC will serve as part of an injector system for the future FAIR facility, currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. For this, it has to deliver short-pulsed, high-current, heavy-ion beams with highest beam quality. An upgrade for the 1.4 MeV/u gas stripper is ongoing to increase the yield of uranium ions in the desired charge state. The new setup features a pulsed gas injection synchronized with the beam pulse transit to increase the effective density of the stripper target while keeping the gas load for the differential pumping system low. Systematic measurements of charge state distributions and energy-loss were conducted with 238U-ion beams and different stripper gases, including H2 and He. By using H2 as a stripper gas, the yield into the most populated charge state was increased by over 50%, compared to the current stripper. Furthermore, the high gas density, enabled by the pulsed injection, results in increased mean charge states

Biomechanical Behaviors in Three Types of Spinal Cord Injury Mechanisms

Clinically, spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are radiographically evaluated and diagnosed from plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is difficult to conclude that radiographic evaluation of SCI can directly explain the fundamental mechanism of spinal cord damage. The von-Mises stress and maximum principal strain are directly associated with neurological damage in the spinal cord from a biomechanical viewpoint. In this study, the von-Mises stress and maximum principal strain in the spinal cord as well as the cord cross-sectional area (CSA) were analyzed under various magnitudes for contusion, dislocation, and distraction SCI mechanisms, using a finite-element (FE) model of the cervical spine with spinal cord including white matter, gray matter, dura mater with nerve roots, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A regression analysis was performed to find correlation between peak von-Mises stress/ peak maximum principal strain at the cross section of the highest reduction in CSA and corresponding reduction in CSA of the cord. Dislocation and contusion showed greater peak stress and strain values in the cord than distraction. The substantial increases in von-Mises stress as well as CSA reduction similar to or more than 30% were produced at a 60% contusion and a 60% dislocation, while the maximum principal strain was gradually increased as injury severity elevated. In addition, the CSA reduction had a strong correlation with peak von-Mises stress/peak maximum principal strain for the three injury mechanisms, which might be fundamental information in elucidating the relationship between radiographic and mechanical parameters related to SCI

A Pulsed Gas Stripper for Stripping of High-Intensity, Heavy-Ion Beams at 1.4 MeV/u at the GSI UNILAC

The GSI UNILAC in combination with SIS18 will serve as a high-current, heavy-ion injector for the future FAIR. It has to meet high demands in terms of beam brilliance at a low duty factor (100 mus beam pulse length, 2.7 Hz repetition rate). An advanced 1.4 MeV/u gas stripper setup has been developed, aiming at an enhanced yield into the required charge states. The setup delivers short, high-density gas pulses in synchronization with the beam pulse. This provides an increased gas density at a reduced gas load for the differential pumping system. In recent measurements, high-intensity, heavy-ion beams of U⁴⁺ were successfully stripped and separated for the desired charge state. The modified stripper setup, as well as major results, are presented, including a comparison to the present gas stripper based on a N₂ gas-jet. The stripping efficiency into the desired 28⁺ charge state was significantly increased by up to 60 % using a hydrogen stripper target while the beam quality remained similar

Alpha decay of 176Au

International audienceThe isotope Au176 has been studied in the complete fusion reaction Ca40+Pr141 → 176Au+5n at the velocity filter SHIP (GSI, Darmstadt). The complex fine-structure α decay of two isomeric states in Au176 feeding several previously unknown excited states in the daughter nucleus Ir172 is presented. An α-decay branching ratio of bα=9.5(11)% was deduced for the high-spin isomer in Ir172

State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: a taxonomy and review

The ability to generalise well is one of the primary desiderata of natural language processing (NLP). Yet, what `good generalisation' entails and how it should be evaluated is not well understood, nor are there any common standards to evaluate it. In this paper, we aim to lay the ground-work to improve both of these issues. We present a taxonomy for characterising and understanding generalisation research in NLP, we use that taxonomy to present a comprehensive map of published generalisation studies, and we make recommendations for which areas might deserve attention in the future. Our taxonomy is based on an extensive literature review of generalisation research, and contains five axes along which studies can differ: their main motivation, the type of generalisation they aim to solve, the type of data shift they consider, the source by which this data shift is obtained, and the locus of the shift within the modelling pipeline. We use our taxonomy to classify over 400 previous papers that test generalisation, for a total of more than 600 individual experiments. Considering the results of this review, we present an in-depth analysis of the current state of generalisation research in NLP, and make recommendations for the future. Along with this paper, we release a webpage where the results of our review can be dynamically explored, and which we intend to up-date as new NLP generalisation studies are published. With this work, we aim to make steps towards making state-of-the-art generalisation testing the new status quo in NLP.Comment: 35 pages of content + 53 pages of reference