Study of mesoscale irregularities of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves in the troposphere by the methods of numerical simulation

We propose a model of the mesoscale irregular structure of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves and its dynamics in the real atmosphere at altitudes of up to 20 km. This model was verified according to multiyear continuous measurements. The obtained dynamics of the refraction coefficient shows considerable horizontal, vertical, and temporal variability of the mesoscale irregular structure as well as anisotropy of the horizontal spatial structure of the refraction coefficient, which is determined by the fields of wind speed and the synoptic gradient of atmospheric pressure. Dependences of the disturbance of the optical length of the radio paths on the path length, zenith angle, time of the day, and meteorological conditions are found. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

From transformation to chronification of migraine : pathophysiological and clinical aspects

Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinical evidence available

From transformation to chronification of migraine: Pathophysiological and clinical aspects

Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation fr

Study of mesoscale irregularities of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves in the troposphere by the methods of numerical simulation

We propose a model of the mesoscale irregular structure of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves and its dynamics in the real atmosphere at altitudes of up to 20 km. This model was verified according to multiyear continuous measurements. The obtained dynamics of the refraction coefficient shows considerable horizontal, vertical, and temporal variability of the mesoscale irregular structure as well as anisotropy of the horizontal spatial structure of the refraction coefficient, which is determined by the fields of wind speed and the synoptic gradient of atmospheric pressure. Dependences of the disturbance of the optical length of the radio paths on the path length, zenith angle, time of the day, and meteorological conditions are found. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Study of mesoscale irregularities of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves in the troposphere by the methods of numerical simulation

We propose a model of the mesoscale irregular structure of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves and its dynamics in the real atmosphere at altitudes of up to 20 km. This model was verified according to multiyear continuous measurements. The obtained dynamics of the refraction coefficient shows considerable horizontal, vertical, and temporal variability of the mesoscale irregular structure as well as anisotropy of the horizontal spatial structure of the refraction coefficient, which is determined by the fields of wind speed and the synoptic gradient of atmospheric pressure. Dependences of the disturbance of the optical length of the radio paths on the path length, zenith angle, time of the day, and meteorological conditions are found. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Study of mesoscale irregularities of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves in the troposphere by the methods of numerical simulation

We propose a model of the mesoscale irregular structure of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves and its dynamics in the real atmosphere at altitudes of up to 20 km. This model was verified according to multiyear continuous measurements. The obtained dynamics of the refraction coefficient shows considerable horizontal, vertical, and temporal variability of the mesoscale irregular structure as well as anisotropy of the horizontal spatial structure of the refraction coefficient, which is determined by the fields of wind speed and the synoptic gradient of atmospheric pressure. Dependences of the disturbance of the optical length of the radio paths on the path length, zenith angle, time of the day, and meteorological conditions are found. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

From transformation to chronification of migraine : pathophysiological and clinical aspects

Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinical evidence available