PERMAINAN COLORFUL BALLS RUN BERBASIS TEACHING GAMES FOR UNDERSTANDING UNTUK ANAK TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN DI SDLB N 2 YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model permainan colorful balls run berbasis Teaching Games for Understanding pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SDLB N 2 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Sugiyono. Langkah-langkah yang digunakan terdiri atas: (1) potensi masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba skala kecil, (7) revisi produk, (8) uji coba skala besar. Subjek uji coba skala kecil sebanyak 2 peserta didik, dan subjek uji coba skala besar sebanyak 6 peserta didik kelas IV-VI di SDLB N 2 Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk menggali potensi masalah dengan observasi dan wawancara. Pengembangan produk melalui teknik pengumpulan data angket. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket validasi produk oleh ahli materi, dan guru penjasorkes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data desktiptif kuantitatif dalam bentuk persentase dan dimasukan kedalam penilaian Sugiyono untuk memperoleh kategori dari produk yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini diperoleh menghasilkan produk berupa permainan colorful balls run berbasis Teaching Games for Understanding pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SDLB N 2 Yogyakarta. Persentase penilaian dari permainan colorful balls run berbasis Teaching Games for Understanding ini dinilai oleh para ahli 1 skor rerata 100% dengan kategori “sangat baik”, ahli 2 skor rerata 94,31% dengan kategori “sangat baik”, ahli 3 skor rerata 100% dengan kategori “sangat baik”, dan jumlah persentase dari ahli 1, ahli 2, dan ahli 3 yaitu 98,1%. Berdasarkan penilaian yang diberikan oleh para ahli menunjukan bahwa permainan colorful balls run berbasis Teaching Games for Understanding tersebut layak untuk digunakan mengajar tunagrahita ringan. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini disajikan dalam bentuk buku

Pengembangan Media E-Modul Pada Permainan Bola Basket Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Kelas VII SMP/MTs

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengembangkan Media E-Modul pada permainan bola basket untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar. (2) Menganalisis Media E-Modul pada permainan bola basket yang efektif untuk pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian oleh ahli. (3) Menganalisis kepraktisan Media E-Modul pada Permainan Bola Basket untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Kelas VII SMP/MTs. (4) Menganalisis keefektifan ada atau tidaknya peningkatan motivasi belajar pada peserta didik. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan produk maka jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) atau disingkat R & D. Ujicoba validasi dilakukan oleh 2 dosen ahli dalam bidang materi dan media. Uji coba kepraktisan produk dilakukan oleh 2 guru PJOK. Uji skala kecil pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sejumlah 6 orang peserta didik, Uji skala besar menggunakan sampel sejumlah 100 peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Rakit, Banjarnegara dengan menggunakan Random Sampling dan data diambil dari 4 SMP/MTs yang terdiri dari SMP N 1 Rakit, SMP N 2 Rakit, MTs Al Ma’arif Rakit, dan SMP Muhammadiyah Rakit. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini diperoleh menghasilkan produk berupa Media E-Modul pada Permainan Bola Basket untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Kelas VII SMP/MTs. Produk di uji oleh validator dan mendapat nilai 3,63 pada kategori konversi “Layak”. Produk di uji kepraktisan oleh guru PJOK memperoleh nilai 3,75 pada kategori konversi “Praktis”. Produk di uji kepraktisan skala kecil memperoleh nilai 0,85 pada kategori konversi “Praktis”. Sementara pada uji skala besar kepraktisan memperoleh nilai 0,92 pada kategori konversi “Praktis”. Produk penelitian dan pengembangan media E-Modul permainan bola basket dinyatakan efektif digunakan berdasarkan uji coba keefektifan pretest dan posttest motivasi belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji-t menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan nilai motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMP dan MTs

Yoga for depression: the research evidence

Background: Yoga-based interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this study is to systematically review the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for this indication Methods: Searches of the major biomedical databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClNAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were conducted. Specialist complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the IndMED databases were also searched and efforts made to identify unpublished and ongoing research. Searches were conducted between January and June 2004. Relevant research was categorised by study type and appraised. Clinical commentaries were obtained for studies reporting clinical outcomes. Results: Five randomised controlled trials were located, each of which utilised different forms of yoga interventions and in which the severity of the condition ranged from mild to severe. All trials reported positive findings but methodological details such as method of randomisation, compliance and attrition rates were missing. No adverse effects were reported with the exception of fatigue and breathlessness in participants in one study. Limitations: No language restrictions were imposed on the searches conducted but no searches of databases in languages other than English were included. Conclusions: Overall, the initial indications are of potentially beneficial effects of yoga interventions on depressive disorders. Variation in interventions, severity and reporting of trial methodology suggests that the findings must be interpreted with caution. Several of the interventions may not be feasible in those with reduced or impaired mobility. Nevertheless, further investigation of yoga as a therapeutic intervention is warranted

Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-free Diet for Patients with Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies

Background & Aims: Patients with celiac disease should maintain a gluten-free diet (GFD), excluding wheat, rye, and barley. Oats might increase the nutritional value of a GFD, but their inclusion is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety of oats as part of a GFD in patients with celiac disease. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases for clinical trials and observational studies of the effects of including oats in GFD of patients with celiac disease. The studies reported patients’ symptoms, results from serology tests, and findings from histologic analyses. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. Results: We identified 433 studies; 28 were eligible for analysis. Of these, 6 were randomized and 2 were not randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 661 patients—the remaining studies were observational. All randomized controlled trials used pure/uncontaminated oats. Oat consumption for 12 months did not affect symptoms (standardized mean difference: reduction in symptom scores in patients who did and did not consume oats, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.56 to 0.13; P = .22), histologic scores (relative risk for histologic findings in patients who consumed oats, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.01–4.8; P = .35), intraepithelial lymphocyte counts (standardized mean difference, 0.21; 95% CI, reduction of 1.44 to increase in 1.86), or results from serologic tests. Subgroup analyses of adults vs children did not reveal differences. The overall quality of evidence was low. Conclusions: In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found no evidence that addition of oats to a GFD affects symptoms, histology, immunity, or serologic features of patients with celiac disease. However, there were few studies for many endpoints, as well as limited geographic distribution and low quality of evidence. Rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials, using commonly available oats sourced from different regions, are needed

Facilitating Policy: Redefining Terraced Housing in Malaysia

The multi-ethnic tension among the three main ethnics in Malaysia has a great impact on tolerance and political unity. The Bumiputera Policy gives privileges to the Malay ethnicity, which further strains this issue, dividing the nation. Recognising this, the government introduced the 1Malaysia Policy as a possible solution to mitigate this issue to promote equality and attaining unity in diversity. This ultimate purpose is to integrate Malaysians to cooperate in a mutually respectful manner, towards the development of Malaysia. The inevitable consequences of short sighted government policy, development and westernisation in Malaysia have negatively affected the cultural uniqueness of the three main ethnic communities. In domestic architecture, terraced houses have been a direct translation of western terraced housing. The influences from the West have diverted Malaysia’s sense of Asian culture. The objective of this study is to support the aims of this current 1Malaysia Policy, by finding a solution to terraced housing, through the design of the 1Malaysia Home. This thesis looks at an adaptable home for multi-cultural families to live and practise their unique cultures in a multi-ethnic community. The implementation of this design, is through research on case studies of the respective traditional houses of Malaysia’s three main ethnic groups. The main design consideration of this flexible home is through a negotiated spatial organisation, in regards to the aims of the theories that informed the traditional houses. This study further explores the cluster design of terraced housing in a multi-ethnic neighbourhood community. The traditional programmes of shop house and other multi-cultural activities in Malaysia are reinstated for a common sense of belonging in the neighbourhood, which ultimately preserves Malaysia’s unique Asian culture and supports its international branding as ‘Malaysia Truly Asia’

Food and feeding habits of the carp Labeo calbasu Ham. in north Indian waters

Labeo calbasu (Ham.) was found to be a bottom dwelling illophagic fish. The food of the fish consisted of decayed organic matter, molluscs, diatoms, plant matter, green-algae, blue-green algae and zooplankton. The fish was selective in feeding. Juveniles showed a positive selection for zooplanktonic organisms. The adult showed a negative selection for the zooplankton and a positive selection for decayed organic matter and molluscs. The increased feeding intensity of the fish corresponded to a period of maximum available food in the habitat. Maturation of gonads also influenced the feeding intensity of the fish. Post spawning feeding intensity was found to be maximum

Point-on-wave switching for distribution transformer inrush current reduction

Inrush transients can have highly undesirable effects on the distribution transformers and are due to core flux asymmetry during energization. These inrush currents can be of very high magnitude, harmonic rich which can harm the transformer itself and mal-operate the protective device operation. Several methods are used to reduce their magnitude such as closing resistors, reduction of residual flux magnitudes, and controlled switching. Selecting any one of those methods is a decision that must factor-in cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. Significant advances in switchgear development, during the past decades, have shifted interest towards point-on-wave controlled-switching oriented techniques.This thesis investigates the methodology of simultaneous controlled point-on-wave switching for lower cost range distribution transformers which cannot afford circuit breakers with independent pole control. The investigation is simulation-based and a simple switching rule of thumb and an analytical optimization method are deduced from brute force search approach that involves a series of energization simulations using actual field data. This rule can be easily implemented and is shown that they can substantially reduce inrush currents as opposed to random energization. The simulations are carried out in the SIMULINK SimPowerSystems environment but reference to EMTP-RV results is also made for comparison. Transformer core models of different magnetic characteristics and geometrical configurations are used. So are different three-phase winding connections to assess the effectiveness of the examined approach.Les transitoires d’afflux peuvent avoir des effets hautement indésirables sur les transformateurs de distribution et sont dues à l'asymétrie du flux noyau pendant l'excitation. Ces courants d'afflux peuvent être de très grande ampleur, peut être riche en harmonique, peut nuire le transformateur lui-même et bouleverser l'opération de protection de l'appareil. Plusieurs méthodes sont utilisées pour réduire l'ampleur telle que des résistances de fermeture, la réduction des amplitudes de flux résiduel, et la commutation contrôlée. La sélection de l'une de ces méthodes est une décision qui doit tenir compte du coût-efficacité et de la facilité de mise en œuvre. Au cours des dernières décennies, des progrès significatifs dans le développement de l'appareillage ont déplacé l'intérêt vers le point sur les techniques orientées des ondes contrôlées par commutation.Cette thèse étudie la méthodologie de commutation contrôlée sur point d’onde simultanée pour des transformateurs de distribution à moindre coût qui n’ont pas de disjoncteurs avec contrôle indépendant de pôle. L'enquête est basée sur la simulation et les règles de commutation de base simples et une méthode d’optimisation analytique sont déduites des approches de recherche par la force brute qui impliquent une série de simulations d'excitation en utilisant des données réelles. Cette règle peut être facilement mise en œuvre et il est démontré qu'elle peut réduire de manière conséquente les courants d'appel, par opposition à l'excitation aléatoire. Les simulations sont réalisées dans l'environnement SIMULINK SimPowerSystems mais la référence aux résultats EMTP-RV est également faite pour la comparaison. Des modèles de noyau de transformateur de différentes caractéristiques magnétiques et configurations géométriques, ainsi que différentes connexions sinueuses triphasés sont utilisés pour évaluer l'efficacité de l'approche examinée