ЧЕЛОВЕК И ХРАМ: РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫМ ЧЕЛОВЕКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ХРАМА

This article discusses the features of the medieval human's worldview, his perception of the temple space and the city in the context of the basic concepts and binary oppositions related to the Middle Ages. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of the Gothic temple as a model of the world for human cognition of their own nature, world order and the Divine.В данной статье рассматриваются особенности мироощущения средневекового человека, его восприятие пространства храма и города в контексте основных понятий и бинарных оппозиций, характерных для Средневековья. Делаются выводы о значении готического храма как модели мира для познания человеком собственной природы, мироустройства и Божественного

Trends in Contemporary Decorative and Applied Art (Based on the Materials of the Ural Triennial of Decorative Arts)

This article discusses the processes that are taking place in contemporary decorative art. We are using materials and experience of the All-Russian open exhibition II Ural Triennial of Decorative Art, which brings together both domestic artists and masters from the neighbouring countries. Analysing different sections of the triennial (textile, glass, stonecutting), we explore various artistic trends and their potential to, eventually, become established schools of decorative and applied arts. Increasing acceptance from the professional art institutions is also recommended and required, since in Russia decorative art is still excluded from the list of “fine arts”. The example of the Ural Triennial shows that contemporary decorative artists are engaged in active experimentation, combining traditional and new materials and techniques. The result is a promising glimpse into the future of decorative and applied arts

DIVERGENT REACTIONS OF ESTERS OF ACYLPYRUVIC ACIDS WITH o-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSNF-2020-0008), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-43-596008) and the Government of Perm Krai. Antimicrobial screening was performed by CO-ADD (The Community for Antimicrobial Drug Discovery), funded by the Wellcome Trust (UK) and The University of Queensland (Australia)

The specific features of the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis (Results of the authors’ studies)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications occupy the leading place in the pattern of the causes of untimely death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: to study the incidence, pattern, and specific features of CHD in patients with RA. Patients and methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 257 patients with RA (ARA, 1987). The patients’ mean age was 55.4±11.6 years; RA duration was 14.7years (range 2—20 years). Results. The incidence of CHD in RA was as much as 45.9% (n = 118), including 52.5% (n = 62) for typical angina pectoris on exertion; 25.4% (n = 30) and 22.1% (n = 26) for silent ischemia and arrhythmias, respectively. A high proportion of vertebrogenic cardialgias (48.8%; n = 100) were noted in those who complained of heart pain. The authors identified traditional risk factors, such as hypertension (OR = 12.1), smoking (OR = 10.2), early menopause (OR = 3.6), decreased glomerular filtration rate (OR = 3.5), cardiovascular heredity (OR = 3.1), overweight (OR = 2.5), a heart rate of more than 70 beats/min (OR = 2.3), atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR = 2.3), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.1), and age (OR = 1.7). Along with those, the authors also ascertained CHD predictors associating with chronic inflammation consequences: use of glucocorticoids (OR = 5.0), concomitant anemia as a common complication of RA (OR = 4.7), high DAS 28 scores (OR = 3.7), visual analog scale pain scores of > 50 mm (OR = 2.6), and RA duration of >10 years (OR = 2.2). Conclusion. The specific features of CHD in RA include the frequent detection of arrhythmias and silent ischemia. The importance of the degree of inflammatory activity along with the traditional risk factors of CHD is apparent

The Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors on Oocyte Donors’ Motivations and Disclosure Decisions

Received 9 June 2022 © 2022. Accepted 23 September 2022. Published online 10 October 2022.The study focuses on the motivations of Russian oocyte donors and the socio-cultural factors affecting these motivations. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with actual or prospective oocyte donors. All of them were patients of two fertility clinics located in the city of Yekaterinburg (Russia) planning to become oocyte donors within the period from 2 weeks to 3 months. We built a profile of a Russian oocyte donor: it is a 26-year-old married woman with at least one child, she has a secondary vocational education and a low income. All the women in our study displayed multiple motivations: apart from the interest in a financial reward and purely altruistic motivations, for many women the decisive factor is their desire to help their friends or relatives struggling with infertility. Interestingly, almost all of our respondents described their decision to donate as an attempt to move past a traumatic situation they once endured and to achieve closure by doing something really important and good. For many women, oocyte donation becomes a way to boost their self-esteem, to feel more significant and to promote their personal autonomy. As for barriers to donation, one of the most important is associated with the donors’ unwillingness to make their identity known and to share this information even with their close circle of friends and relatives. For the majority of donors, anonymity is crucial. The disclosure of this information, in their view, will cause controversy in the donor’s family and immediate circle of friends at present and will threaten their privacy in the future. The prospective donors are also concerned about the negative public attitudes or lack of understanding.The study was conducted within the framework of the RSF grant No. 22-28-01694 dated December 20, 2021

REACTION OF 3-ARYL-1-(BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL)PROPANE-1,3-DIONES WITH ARYLAMINES

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. FSNF-2020-0008), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-43-596008) and the Government of Perm Krai, Scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and graduate students (project no. SP-838.2022.4)

Особенности диагностики и лечения ишемической болезни сердца при ревматоидном артрите (результаты собственных исследований)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications occupy the leading place in the pattern of the causes of untimely death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: to study the incidence, pattern, and specific features of CHD in patients with RA. Patients and methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 257 patients with RA (ARA, 1987). The patients’ mean age was 55.4±11.6 years; RA duration was 14.7years (range 2—20 years). Results. The incidence of CHD in RA was as much as 45.9% (n = 118), including 52.5% (n = 62) for typical angina pectoris on exertion; 25.4% (n = 30) and 22.1% (n = 26) for silent ischemia and arrhythmias, respectively. A high proportion of vertebrogenic cardialgias (48.8%; n = 100) were noted in those who complained of heart pain. The authors identified traditional risk factors, such as hypertension (OR = 12.1), smoking (OR = 10.2), early menopause (OR = 3.6), decreased glomerular filtration rate (OR = 3.5), cardiovascular heredity (OR = 3.1), overweight (OR = 2.5), a heart rate of more than 70 beats/min (OR = 2.3), atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR = 2.3), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.1), and age (OR = 1.7). Along with those, the authors also ascertained CHD predictors associating with chronic inflammation consequences: use of glucocorticoids (OR = 5.0), concomitant anemia as a common complication of RA (OR = 4.7), high DAS 28 scores (OR = 3.7), visual analog scale pain scores of > 50 mm (OR = 2.6), and RA duration of >10 years (OR = 2.2). Conclusion. The specific features of CHD in RA include the frequent detection of arrhythmias and silent ischemia. The importance of the degree of inflammatory activity along with the traditional risk factors of CHD is apparent.В структуре причин преждевременной смертности при ревматоидном артрите (РА) ведущее место занимают ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС) и ее осложнения. Цель исследования — изучение частоты, структуры и особенностей течения ИБС у больных РА. Пациенты и методы. Проведено аналитическое одномоментное поперечное исследование 257 пациентов с РА (ARA, 1987). Средний возраст больных составил 55,4+11,6 года, продолжительность РА — 14,7(2; 20) года. Результаты исследования. Частота ИБС при РА достигала 45,9% (n=118), в том числе типичной стенокардии напряжения — 52,5% (n=62), безболевой ишемии и нарушений ритма — 25,4% (n=30) и 22,1% (n=26) соответственно. Отмечен высокий удельный вес вертеброгенных кардиалгий (48,8%; n=100) у предъявлявших жалобы на боли в области сердца. Выявлены традиционные факторы риска, такие как артериальная гипертензия (ОР — 12,1), курение (ОР — 10,2), ранняя менопауза (ОР — 3,6), снижение скорости клубочковой фильтрации (ОР — 3,5), наследственность по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям (ОР — 3,1), избыточная масса тела (ОР — 2,5), частота сердечных сокращений — более 70 уд/мин (ОР — 2,3), атерогенные дислипидемии (ОР — 2,3), гипергликемия (ОР — 2,1) и возраст (ОР — 1,7). Наряду с ними установлены предикторы ИБС, ассоциирующиеся с последствиями хронического воспаления — прием глюкокортикоидов (ОР — 5,0), сопутствующая анемия как частое осложнение РА (ОР — 4,7), высокая активность РА по DAS 28 (ОР — 3,7), ВАШ боли >50 мм (ОР — 2,6) и давность >10 лет (ОР — 2,2). Выводы. К особенностям течения ИБС при РА относится частое выявление нарушений ритма и безболевой ишемии. Наряду с традиционными факторами риска ИБС очевидно значение степени активности воспаления

The evolutionary history of common genetic variants influencing human cortical surface area

Structural brain changes along the lineage leading to modern Homo sapiens contributed to our distinctive cognitive and social abilities. However, the evolutionarily relevant molecular variants impacting key aspects of neuroanatomy are largely unknown. Here, we integrate evolutionary annotations of the genome at diverse timescales with common variant associations from large-scale neuroimaging genetic screens. We find that alleles with evidence of recent positive polygenic selection over the past 2000–3000 years are associated with increased surface area (SA) of the entire cortex, as well as specific regions, including those involved in spoken language and visual processing. Therefore, polygenic selective pressures impact the structure of specific cortical areas even over relatively recent timescales. Moreover, common sequence variation within human gained enhancers active in the prenatal cortex is associated with postnatal global SA. We show that such variation modulates the function of a regulatory element of the developmentally relevant transcription factor HEY2 in human neural progenitor cells and is associated with structural changes in the inferior frontal cortex. These results indicate that non-coding genomic regions active during prenatal cortical development are involved in the evolution of human brain structure and identify novel regulatory elements and genes impacting modern human brain structure