Pertumbuhan Siput Lola (Trochus Niloticus L. 1767) Di Perairan Kepulauan Banda Naira Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Maluku as a major producer, reached the highest production of siput lola (T. niloticus) in 1989 with production about 250tons (6.8 billion) but then drastically decreased to 14.2 tons in 2005. This study was conducted over 16 months (March2012 - June 2013) in the waters of the Banda Islands. The purpose of the study was to determine the individual andpopulation growth of trochus snails. Individual growth rate (K) of siput lola resource for deameter basalt (DB) was equal to0.2439 (von Bertalanffy models) and 0.3571 (Gompertz models). Maximum size (S?) that could be achieved for deameterbasalt was equal to 91.73 mm (von Bertalanffy models) and 88.52 mm (Gompertz models). The population growth rate(r) of siput lola resource was at 0.1469 with a maximum amount that could be reached as many as 401 ind or 122ind ha-1 (von Bertalanffy models) and 191 ind or 58 ind ha-1 (Gompertz models) within a period of 24 months

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN MINAWISATA BAHARI KATEGORI KERAMBA JARING APUNG (KJA) BERBASIS KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG DI PERAIRAN NEGERI AMAHAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

The potential of resources and the development of environmental services have not been utilized optimally so that an effort to integrate management in terms of ecology and economy based on tourism fish farming is needed. The research to analyse suitability and carryng capacity as well as to formulate the strategy and development priority for marine fisheries tourism of floating cage.  This research was conducted on November 2017 to February 2018 at Amahai coastal water. Primary data was collected through direct observation at 10 stations while secondary data was obtained from literature. Suitability was analysed by using region suitability matrix while carrying capacity was calculated based on PPLKPL-KLH/FPIK-IPB. Arrangement of strategic factors was based on SWOT matrix and then analysed by using TOWS while priority of development strategy was analysed by using Analytical Hierarchy Process.  The result showed that all stations were suitable for marine fisheries tourirsm of floating cage with the percentage ranged from 95.09% (stations 6, 8, 9) to 100% (stations 1-5, 7, 10).  However, based on carrying capacity, there were only six groups of floating cage with total area of  0.45 ha for each group. There were 14 strategies and nine priorities to develop marine fisheries tourism of floating cage in the region of Amahai.   ABSTRAK Potensi sumberdaya dan pengembangan jasa lingkungan belumlah dimanfaatkan secara optimal sehingga diperlukan suatu upaya integrasi pengelolaan dari segi ekologi dan ekonomi berbasis minawisata keramba jaringa apung (KJA). Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis  kesesuaian kawasan, daya dukung kawasan, serta menformulasikan strategi dan prioritas pengembangan untuk kawasan minawisata bahari kategori KJA di Negeri Amahai. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan November 2017-Februari 2018 di pesisir Negeri Amahai. Pengumpulan data berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data untuk kesesuaian menggunakan matriks kesesuaian kawasan minawisata bahari kategori KJA, sedangkan perhitungan daya dukung merujuk pada PPLKPL-KLH/FPIK-IPB. Penyusunan faktor-faktor strategis menggunakan matriks SWOT, kemudian dianalisis dengan TOWS, sedangkan untuk menyusun prioritas strategi pengembangan menggunakan analisis AHP. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks kesesuaian minawisata bahari kategori KJA pada stasiun 1 sampai 5,7 dan 10 sebesar 100% (sesuai), sedangkan pada stasiun 6, 8, dan 9 sebesar 95,09% (sesuai). Berdasarkan daya dukung kawasan minawisata bahari kategori KJA diperoleh sebanyak 6 kelompok dengan areal 0,45 ha. Terdapat 14 strategi dan 9 prioritas untuk mengembangkan kawasan minawisata bahari kategori KJA di Negeri Amahai. Kata Kunci: Minawisata bahari, keramba jaring apung, kesesuaian, daya dukung, Amaha

KONDISI IKAN HIU BERJALAN HALMAHERA (Hemiscyllium halmahera) DI PERAIRAN TELUK KAO, HALMAHERA UTARA PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar, beriklim tropis dan memiliki stok keanekaragaman sumberdaya hayati tertinggi (mega biodiversity) dengan berbagai jenis sumberdaya perikanan termasuk ikan hiu. Namun permasalahan global yang terjadi saat ini justru Indonesia tercatat sebagai salah satu negara penangkap hiu terbesar di dunia baik sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan maupun utama. Padahal hiu memiliki peranan penting dalam keseimbangan rantai ekosistem di laut. Hiu berjalan Halmahera (Hemiscyllium halmahera) merupakan spesies endemik Maluku Utara dengan wilayah penyebaran yang sempit dan spesifik serta memiliki peranan penting dalam sistem rantai makanan di laut terutama pada struktur komunitas terumbu karang yang dangkal. Selain memiliki fekunditas sangat sedikit hanya dua butir telur setiap induk per tahunnya, ternyata pola pertumbuhannya juga tergolong lambat. Diduga bahwa salah satu factor penyebab adalah kondisi habitatnya yang rentan terhadap degradasi akibat aktivitas antropogenik, dan terutama adanya pengaruh pencemaran logam berat seperti mercury dari aktivitas pertambangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara sampling sejak Juli 2016 sampai Agustus 2017, untuk mengevaluasi kondisi perairan sekitar penampang Teluk Kao, Halmahera Utara dengan menggunakan pendekatan factor kondisi dari ikan hiu berjalan Halmahera. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa nilai faktor kondisi (Condition Factor: CF) adalah 1.0987. Karena CF > 1 maka perairan tempat hidup ikan masih berada dalam kondisi baik.Kata kunci: Faktor kondisi, Hemiscyllium halmahera, antropogenik, Teluk Kao, Maluku Utara

Laju Pertumbuhan Lamun Enhalus acoroides yang Di Transplantasi dengan Menggunakan Metode Terfs Di Perairan Pantai Desa Waai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Coastal utilization that is not directed by the surrounding community such as sand and stone extraction and disposal of solid and liquid waste to the beach can cause damage to coastal ecosystems including seagrass ecosystems. Efforts to restore the diminishing condition of the seagrass ecosystem is through seagrass transplantation activities using the TERFS (Transplanting Eelgrass Remotely With Frame System) method. This research was conducted from February 2019 - 31 May 2019. This study aimed to analyze the survival rate and growth rate and physical chemical factors of the waters that affect the growth of the seagrass Enhalus acorides transplanted using the poly bag method and the TERFS method (Transplanting Eelgrass Remotely With Frame System) in the coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku Regency. The results showed that the Enhalus acorides seagrass had a survival rate of 100%. The value of the growth of seagrass for three weeks of observation is in frame 1 of 0.43 cm / day, in frame II of 0.47 cm / day and in frame III of 0.46 cm / day. The average value of the physical chemistry parameters of the waters at the transplantation location using the coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku Regency is still within the range of environmental parameters of the marine waters supporting the growth of seagrass Enhalus acorides, including temperatures of 30.67 ℃, brightness of 100%, water depth of 45.67 cm, current velocity of 0.46 cm / sec, salinity of 29 ‰ and water pH of 7.53. The average value of nitrate content in the water colum

Safety of a new extensively hydrolysed formula in children with cow's milk protein allergy: a double blind crossover study

BACKGROUND: Formulae for infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) should be based on extensively hydrolysed protein. 'Extensively' however is not strictly defined. Differences in molecular weight and peptide chain length may affect its clinical outcome. We studied the safety of a new extensively hydrolysed casein based formula (Frisolac Allergycare(®): FAC) for children with IgE mediated CMA. METHODS: Thirty children, aged 1.5 – 14.8 years old (median 4.9 years) with persistent CMA were enrolled in this double-blind reference product (Nutramigen(®): NUT) controlled crossover study. All had positive skin prick tests (SPT) and IgE mediated allergy, showing immediate reactions after ingestion of small amounts of milk. Twenty-five children also had positive radio allergen sorbent tests (RAST) to cow's milk. Formulae provided consisted of 80% elementary formula in combination with 20% reference or test product. Crossover periods lasted for two weeks. From both products molecular weight (MALDI-TOF method and HPLC) and peptide chain length distribution (adapted Edman degradation) were determined. RESULTS: Maximum molecular weights of NUT and FAC are 2.1 and 2.56 kDa, respectively. The contribution of free amino acids and small peptides <0.5 kDa is 46% for FAC and 53% for NUT. About 50% of the protein fraction of both products consists of peptides longer than four amino acids. Three children did not complete the study. The other children all tolerated FAC very well; no adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The new extensively hydrolysed casein-based formula (FAC) can safely be used in children with IgE mediated cow's milk allergy

The role of mechanotransduction versus hypoxia during simulated orthodontic compressive strain—an in vitro study of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) mechanical forces trigger pseudo-inflammatory, osteoclastogenic and remodelling processes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) that are mediated by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules. Thus far, it is unknown whether these processes are mainly induced by mechanical cellular deformation (mechanotransduction) or by concomitant hypoxic conditions via the compression of periodontal blood vessels. Human primary PDL fibroblasts were randomly seeded in conventional six-well cell culture plates with O-2-impermeable polystyrene membranes and in special plates with gas-permeable membranes (Lumox (R), Sarstedt), enabling the experimental separation of mechanotransducive and hypoxic effects that occur concomitantly during OTM. To simulate physiological orthodontic compressive forces, PDL fibroblasts were stimulated mechanically at 2 g.cm(-2) for 48 h after 24 h of pre-incubation. We quantified the cell viability by MTT assay, gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and protein expression by western blot/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition, PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis (TRAP(+) cells) was measured in a 72-h coculture with RAW264.7 cells. The expression of HIF-1 alpha, COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, COL1A2, collagen and ALPL, and the RANKL/OPG ratios at the mRNA/protein levels during PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis were significantly elevated by mechanical loading irrespective of the oxygen supply, whereas hypoxic conditions had no significant additional effects. The cellular-molecular mediation of OTM by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules is expected to be predominantly controlled by the application of force (mechanotransduction), whereas hypoxic effects seem to play only a minor role. In the context of OTM, the hypoxic marker HIF-1 alpha does not appear to be primarily stabilized by a reduced O-2 supply but is rather stabilised mechanically

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income&nbsp;countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of&nbsp;countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.814.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.871.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.027.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.327.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.323.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.487.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.183.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.160.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally. (c) 2023, The Author(s)