FRAGMENTATION OF EURASIAN MOOSE POPULATIONS DURING PERIODS OF POPULATION DEPRESSION

Changes in the distribution of Eurasian moose (Alces alces) populations during the Pleistocene and Holocene eras were analyzed from historical and contemporary literature. We focused on how range boundaries varied, suitable habitat was fragmented, and how local and regional populations were isolated, especially during periods of population depression. We discuss how the occurrence and duration of isolation of local populations likely influenced the genetic structure of Eurasian moose. We question the geographic division of certain subspecies, and suggest that our analysis be used to reinterpret and revise genetic structure of Eurasian moose populations

Colonizing the High Arctic : Mitochondrial DNA reveals common origin of Eurasian archipelagic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

Funding: The study was supported by the ERC Advanced Grant “Arctic Domus” ERC AdG 295458 based at the University of Aberdeen (http://www.arcticdomus.org/). Funding was recieved by DGA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Pan‐European phylogeography of the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analyzed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detected two mtDNA lineages of the species: European and Siberian (an introgression of C. pygargus mtDNA into C. capreolus). The Siberian lineage was most frequent in the eastern part of the continent and declined toward Central Europe. The European lineage contained three clades (Central, Eastern, and Western) composed of several haplogroups, many of which were separated in space. The Western clade appeared to have a discontinuous range from Portugal to Russia. Most of the haplogroups in the Central and the Eastern clades were under expansion during the Weichselian glacial period before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the expansion time of the Western clade overlapped with the Eemian interglacial. The high genetic diversity of extant roe deer is the result of their survival during the LGM probably in a large, contiguous range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus Mts and in two northern refugia.202

Theoretical foundations and principles of development of various forms of management in the agricultural sector of Russia in the new economic reality

The article examines and systematizes the basic principles of the development of various forms of management in the agricultural sector of Russia in the new economic reality. In this paper, special attention is paid to the principles of the development of integrated agricultural formations, the vector of which is aimed at the accelerated provision of food independence of the country and the implementation of an export-oriented strategy. In the framework of the present article, the above principles have been modified to reflect new economic reality and augmented the next group of principles of formation and development of various forms of management in the agricultural sector APK: mezhvedomstvennoi and complexity, the scientific justification for the introduction of technology, optimality and adequacy of the amount of state support, individual approach and differentiation of measures of state support, depending on the form of management and type of reproduction. It is proved that the principles of state regulation act in the conditions of the new economic reality as a set of objective economic laws, rules of conscious state support of socio-economic processes in the agro-industrial complex, which determine the directions of development of economic entities

Model of diagnostics of the efficiency of using the resource potential of the agricultural sector economy

The article examines the problem of the effective use of resource potential in agriculture. It is argued that the reasons for increasing the efficiency of resource use at the current stage of development are closely related to the digital transformation of the industry. The aim of the study is to develop a model for diagnosing the efficiency of using the resource potential of the agricultural sector of the economy, which is based on a regional industry approach that takes into account the current trends of large-scale transformations, the driver of which is the dependence on innovation and the rapid penetration of new technologies. The developed integrated territorial-industrial model allows us to link logically occurring structural changes in agriculture associated with digitalization and technical modernization of its sub-sectors, to identify the specifics of the spatial development of the agricultural sector, to determine the vector of effective management decisions. The criteria for identifying the degree of digitalization of economic resources are justified, the main of which is the percentage of: digitalization of agricultural land; employees with an IT specialty; automation and computerization of the management of the main production assets; agricultural machinery provided with the Glonas and GPS system

Project management methods in agriculture

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the directions for improving program and target planning in the implementation of state programs based on the principles of project management. The article considers methodological aspects of development and implementation of program planning based on the principles of project management in agriculture in Russia. The article describes the domestic practice of program and target planning in the market conditions of management. The main drawbacks of the software planning tools used in the system of state regulation of agricultural production and development of rural territories are investigated. Special attention is paid to the target orientation of budget allocation. A model of program-target planning based on the principles of project management in agriculture has been developed, which includes a system of elements of strategic state planning. It is proved that the new management tools of state regulation of the agricultural sector, based on the project approach, will allow not only to focus the efforts of authorities at all levels on achieving specific results in the implementation of state programs, but also to transfer agricultural producers of various forms of management to the same level of development

Diversity of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy: regularities of formation and development

The article deals with the main stages of formation and formation of a multi-layered rural economy in Russia. Presents the evolution of the development of multi-structured forms of farming in rural areas, depending on the degree of influence of the state on the economy of the agricultural sector of the country. It is proved that the key tools of state regulation of this issue are agrarian reforms, privatization, creation of an entrepreneurial environment, formation of an appropriate investment policy, and development of private land ownership institutions. The significant impulse for the development of modern forms of farming in the village was the choice of state priorities in the framework of the National project "Development of agriculture" were transformed into the state Program of development of agriculture, which allowed to strengthen its position as a major Agroholding structures and small-format sector. It is proved that sanctions and tendencies of the new economic reality amid the pandemic of the syndrome has led to the need to promote small agribusiness in rural areas, which will contribute to rural employment, development of rural infrastructure, growth of real monetary incomes of the population and middle class formation in rural areas

Key problems hindering the development of co-operation in the agricultural sector of Russia

The article considers the key problems that hinder the development of the system of cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia. It is argued that the spread of cooperative forms of interaction in rural areas is hampered by a number of specific factors, including demography, the concentration and consolidation of business in the face of large integrator companies, low efficiency in the use of land potential, material and financial resources, and state regulation. Special attention is paid to the state support for the development of agricultural cooperation and small-scale farming in rural areas. The geography of the location of the cooperative movement in the leading regions is presented. It is established that the development of cooperation occurs unevenly across the subjects of the Russian Federation, and its general state is still characterized as unstable. The comparative characteristics of the features of the development of agricultural cooperation in Russia and abroad are given. It is proved that in the modern Russian reality, agricultural cooperation is the new most effective form of cooperation in the agricultural sphere and a strategic tool of behavior that should not be ignored by small forms of management

Principles of development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia

The authors conducted research to identify and systematize the principles of development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia. In particular, it was noted that the agrarian reforms, the processes of integration of the country into the global economic space and the struggle for leadership in the global agri-food market led to the emergence of new forms of economic interaction, including agricultural cooperation, and forced a new perception of the principles of development of agricultural producers traditional for the socialist economy. In this paper, special attention is paid to the principles of state regulation of the activities of small businesses. Within the framework of the presented scientific development, the above-mentioned principles were refined taking into account the new economic reality and supplemented with the principles of the project approach in management. The proposed new managerial tools of state regulation of the agricultural sector based on the principles of the design approach will help to focus the efforts of governments at all levels to achieve concrete results in the framework of the National project "Creation of system of support of farmers and development of agricultural consumer cooperation", but also transfer to small businesses in the advanced level of development

Budget support as a tool for innovative and technological development of agriculture in Russia

The article is devoted to budget support as the main tool of innovative and technological development of agriculture in Russia within the framework of the State Program. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of subsidizing preferential investment loans aimed at modernizing the material and technical base of agricultural production. The assessment of the state of material and technical support of agricultural production in Russia in comparison with other countries of the world is given. The composition and structure of the limits of the resource provision of the departmental project “Stimulating investment activity in the agro-industrial complex” for 2017-2019 is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of preferential investment lending. The dynamics of the purchase of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation is presented, taking into account the new mechanism of state support that encourages the technical re-equipment of the industry. The rating of the leading credit and financial organizations of Russia participating in the implementation of the mechanism of preferential investment lending is presented. The composition and structure of concessional investment loans have been studied. The article describes the practice of updating the material and technical base of agriculture through Resolution No. 1432 and the system of JSC “Rosagroleasing”