Evaluating student evaluations: Evidence of gender bias against women in higher education based on perceived learning and instructor personality.

Given student evaluations are an integral part of academic employment and progression in higher education, it is crucial to explore various biases amongst students that may influence their ratings. Several studies report a clear gender bias in student evaluation where male instructors receive significantly higher ratings as compared to female instructors. However, there is very limited research about gender biases in underrepresented samples such as South Asia and the Middle East. We examined whether perception of male and female instructors differed in terms of how they facilitate learning and level of engagement, using an experimental design. Six hundred and seventy-one university students were asked to watch a video of an online lecture on psychology, delivered by either a male or female lecturer, after which they were asked to evaluate their experience and instructor personality characteristics. To ensure consistency across content, tone, delivery, environment, and overall appearance, photorealistic 3D avatars were used to deliver the lectures. Only gender as a factor was manipulated. Given the racial representation in the region, a total of four videos were developed representing males (n = 317) and females (n = 354) of White and South Asian race. Overall, male instructors scored significantly higher in variables representing personality characteristics such as enthusiasm and expressiveness compared to female instructors. Participants did not however view male and female instructors to be different in terms of presentation and subject knowledge. Findings related to facilitating learning suggest that male instructors were perceived to have made instructions more interesting, kept participants' attention for longer, and were more interesting compared to female instructors. In terms of engagement, male instructors were perceived to be more expressive, enthusiastic, and entertaining, compared to female instructors. Given the experimental design, these findings can clearly be attributed to gender bias, which is also in line with previous research. With an underrepresented sample, an online platform delivery, and inclusion of multiple races, these findings significantly add value to the current literature regarding gender stereotypes in higher education. The results are even more concerning as they provide strong evidence of gender bias which may contribute to subconscious discrimination against women academics in the region

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer

Angiogenesis plays a large role in the development and spread of a number of tumors particularly in the presence of female reproductive system neoplasms. The high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found in both the primary tumor and metasta- ses and ascitic fluid in ovarian cancer (OC). Thus, the use of VEGF blockers may be effective in the treatment of OC. The most studied drug used to treat this nosological entity is bevacizumab, the high efficacy of which has been confirmed even when used as monotherapy in the patients who have received treatment many times

Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)

Agrochronosequences of chernozems with different periods of their use in rainfed farming with application of traditional technologies have been studied in a typical forest-steppe area in Belgorod oblast. Certain stages in the development of these soils during more than two centuries of their agricultural use have been identifie

Comparison of Depolarization and Depolarization in Mathematical Models of the Left Ventricle and the Longitudinal Ventricular Slice

Myocardial slices are widely used for cardiac electrophysiology research but correspondence of electrophysiological properties between the cardiac slices and the whole heart has not been studied in details. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in electrophysiological properties between the left ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice passing through the apex using mathematical models. ECG signals and the time of activation and repolarization, repolarization dispersion and dispersion of action potential duration were compared. We have shown that the electrophysiological processes in the ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice are quite similar, so we believe that cardiac slices can be used to evaluate global electrophysiological properties of the ventricles. The local differences obtained can be explained by differences in geometry and fiber orientation locally affecting depolarization and repolarization in the myocardium. © 2018 Creative Commons Attribution.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16-31-60015, 18-31-00401This work was supported by IIF UrB RAS theme #AAAA-A18-118020590031-8, RFE Government Act #211 of March 16, 2013, the Program of the Presidium RAS #27 and RFBR (#16-31-60015, 18-31-00401)

Анализ методов ввода звуковой информации, записанной в нотных знаках

Проаналізовано можливі фактори впливу на якість відтворення звуку. Проаналізовано методи введення звукової інформації, записаної нотними символами. Проведено експертне порівняння програмного забезпечення для розпізнавання нотних символів за пріоритетними параметрами та точністю розпізнавання інформації.Electronic multimedia editions may contain some sound, which was written with music symbols. Choice of technological process for making multimedia editions and files’ format of sound connected with each other when multimedia sound publication engineering is held. Therefore we have a definition problem connected with optimal method for entering sound, which depend on files’ format, its compatibility with formats of multimedia editions and functions of future edition. In this article the analysis of possible factors which influence on sound quality was held. As a result Isikava diagram was done, which allows to identify possible reasons of sound files parameter mismatch while sound digitizing method engineering. The classification of multimedia sound edition was done. It was held the analysis and systematization of entering methods of sound, which written with music symbols and expert comparison of software to recognizing music symbols in priority parameters and recognition quality of information. The optimal method of entering sound for making music edition was chosen. The optimization is reached by replacement of music skills and instruments by software to recognizing music symbols. Also Systematization of errors, which may emerge while recognizing, optimizes the technological process of sound digitizing.Проанализированы возможные факторы влияния на качество воспроизведения звука. Проанализированы методы ввода звуковой информации, которые предварительно записаны нотными знаками. Проведено экспертное сравнение программного обеспечения для распознавания нотных символов по приоритетным параметрам и точностью распознавания информации

Библиотека киноискусства им. С.М. Эйзенштейна

The article highlights history, goals and objectives of the Library of Cinema Art named after S. Eisenstein, opened in 2008, the first in Moscow and in Russia specialized public library for cinema art, which was formed on the basis of library of cinematographers, dating from 1934. Over the past six years the Library of cinema art named after S. Eisenstein became a modern multifunctional center, playing an important role in the cultural life of the city.В статье освещена истории создания, цели и задачи Библиотеки киноискусства им. С.М. Эйзенштейна, открытой в 2008 г., - первой в Москве и России публичной специализированной библиотеки по киноискусству, основу которой составила библиотека кинематографистов, существующая с 1934 года. За прошедшие шесть лет Библиотека киноискусства им. С.М. Эйзенштейна превратилась в современный многофункциональный центр, занимающий важное место в культурной жизни города

Phase distortions of attosecond pulses produced by resonance-enhanced high harmonic generation

Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the first temporal characterization of the attosecond emission from a tin plasma under near-resonant conditions for two different resonance detunings. We show that the resonance considerably changes the relative phase of neighbouring harmonics. For very small detunings, their phase locking may even be lost, evidencing strong phase distortions in the emission process and a modified attosecond structure. These features are well reproduced by our simulations, allowing their interpretation in terms of the phase of the recombination dipole moment

DETERMINANTS AND MODERN PECULIARITIES OF LABOR MIGRATION OF RURAL YOUTH

The problems of rural youth and the state of the information base in the field of state youth policy have been considered. A significant problem of the state youth policy is the lack of a system of analysis and social monitoring of the state of the youth environment. A sample survey has shown high labor mobility of the young rural population of the agrarian republic. It has been installed, that the large-scale outflow of rural youth to the city affects negatively on the development of the agricultural cluster of the republic’s economy, especially those in need of young specialists of different profiles. The negative impact on the socio-economic development of the region can have a permanent decline in the number of rural youth, which will subsequently lead to a reduction in the number of rural population