The poetic works of Sergey Yesenin in Germany: translations, editions, and research

The article was submitted on 21.01.2017.This article considers the perception of Sergey Yesenin’s creative work in Germany. Having become acquainted with his works in its own language as early as the 1920s, Germany played the leading role in incorporating Yesenin into Germanlanguage culture. This research is based on the rich history of translation reception (made up of over 300 texts by over 60 translators), criticism and literary studies, and publication history. The article focuses on topical issues of modern literary studies, such as the aesthetics of reception, the dialogue of cultures, comparative studies, and imagology. The perception of the poet reflects the development of Russo-German literary connections in the 20th and 21st centuries. It is possible to single out three stages in the translation reception of Yesenin’s works: acquaintance (1920s), popularisation (1950s–1980s), and the modern period. During the third stage, the reader came closer to understanding the authentic concepts of Yesenin’s poetic semantics and techniques and a better knowledge of his creative work. The peculiarities of the publication history of the poet’s works are to a large extent determined by the above stages, as well as the cultural and historical factors caused by the division of Germany. German-language Yesenin studies are characterised by a vast scope, multiple research strategies, and prominent researchers (D. Chizhevsky, D. Gerhardt, F. Mierau, etc.). The receptive character of the perception determines the combination of literary and translation strategies, which are mutually complementary. Hence, it is quite appropriate to consider German Yesenin studies a separate branch of the world literary studies. The results of German scholars’ work are of significant importance to the history of Russian literature. The final stage of the perception model is the creative perception of the image of the poet as part of one’s native linguistic culture. Dedication poems devoted to Yesenin written by G. Vesper and H. Czechowski in the 1990s are proof of a contemporary German dialogue with the Russian poet.Рассмотрено восприятие творчества Сергея Есенина в Германии. Познакомившись с его наследием на своем родном языке уже в 1920 г., Германия является лидером по объему и масштабу включения Есенина в немецкоязычную культуру. Богатая история переводческой рецепции, которую составляют более 300 текстов и свыше 60 переводчиков, самостоятельность критических и литературоведческих изысканий, разнообразная и масштабная эдиционная история – все это составляет основу исследования. Интерес современного литературоведения к рецептивной эстетике, диалогу культур, компаративистике и имагологии обусловливает актуальность статьи. Восприятие поэта отражает развитие русско-немецких литературных связей в ХХ–ХХI вв. В истории переводческого восприятия поэзии Есенина в Германии выделяется три периода: знакомство (1920-е гг.), популяризация творчества (1950–1980-е гг.), приближение читателя к пониманию аутентичных концептов поэтической семантики и стиховой техники Есенина, к более подробному знакомству с его жизнетворчеством (современный период). Специфика эдиционной истории во многом определяется данной периодизацией, а также культурно-историческим фактом разделения Германии. Немецкоязычное есениноведение характеризуется большим охватом материала, разнообразием исследовательских подходов и знаковостью имен их авторов (Д. Чижевский, Д. Герхардт, Ф. Мирау и др.). Рецептивный характер восприятия обусловливает слияние литературоведческой и переводческой практики, которые взаимно дополняют друг друга. Правомерно рассматривать немецкое есениноведение в качестве самостоятельной ветви мирового литературоведения. Результаты работы немецких ученых имеют высокое значение для истории русской литературы. Итоговым этапом в модели восприятия становится творческое усвоение образа поэта в рамках родной словесности. Созданные в 1990-х гг. стихотворения-посвящения Есенину Г. Веспера и Х. Чеховски отражают творческий диалог современных немецких авторов с русским поэтом.Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта Президента РФ для молодых российских ученых – докторов наук (проект № МД-4756.2016.6)

Integrated optical ADC

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. [133]-137).An optically-sampled frequency-demultiplexed wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which has potential to exceed the performance of electronic ADCs by orders of magnitude is studied analytically and numerically. The accuracy of the ADC as a function of its parameters is analyzed and impact of various imperfections of ADC components on its operation is evaluated. A universal error compensation algorithm for improving the conversion accuracy is proposed. On the way to implementation of the integrated optical ADC, two of its critical components - ring resonator filter bank and fiber-to-chip coupler -are designed. A novel coupler from a standard single mode fiber to a strongly confining silicon waveguide is proposed. The results of characterization of the filter bank and fiber-to-chip coupler fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator platform are presented and analyzed.by Anatol Khilo.S.M

Integrated photonic analog-to-digital converters

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-172).Accurate conversion of wideband multi-GHz analog signals into the digital domain has long been a target of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) developers, driven by applications in radar systems, software radio, medical imaging, and communication systems. Aperture jitter has been a major bottleneck on the way towards higher speeds and better accuracy. Photonic ADCs, which perform sampling using ultra-stable optical pulse trains generated by mode-locked lasers, have been investigated as a promising approach to overcome the jitter problem and bring ADC performance to new levels. This work demonstrates that the photonic approach can deliver on its promise by digitizing a 41 GHz signal with 7.0 effective bits and 52 dBc spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) using a discrete-component photonic ADC. This corresponds to 15 fs jitter, a 4-5 times improvement over the jitter of the best electronic ADCs, and an order of magnitude improvement over the jitter of electronic ADCs operating above 10 GHz. The feasibility of a practical photonic ADC is demonstrated by creating an integrated ADC with a modulator, filters, and photodetectors fabricated on a single silicon chip and using it to sample a 10 GHz signal with 3.5 effective bits and 39 dBc SFDR. In both experiments, a sample rate of 2.1 GSa/s was obtained by interleaving two 1.05 GSa/s channels; higher sample rates can be achieved by increasing the channel count. A key component of a multi-channel ADC - a dual multi-channel high-performance filter bank - is successfully implemented. A concept for broadband linearization of the silicon modulator, which is another critical component of the photonic ADC, is proposed. Nonlinear phenomena in silicon microring filters and their impact on ADC performance are analyzed, and methods to reduce this impact are proposed. The results presented in the thesis suggest that a practical integrated photonic ADC, which successfully overcomes the electronic jitter bottleneck, is possible today.by Anatol Khilo.Ph.D

МОДИФИЦИРОВАННАЯ СХЕМА ОТТО ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ПЛАЗМОНОВ

А new type of resonant excitation of surface plasmons is proposed and investigated which is characterized by the equality of the phase velocities and attenuation coefficients of the plasmons and an excitation field. It has been shown that this type of resonance can be realized by means of the modified Otto scheme. The peculiarity of this scheme is the presence in a transition layer of the periodic system of wedges allowing one to form an inclined evanescent wave. The calculation shows that the modified scheme can provide a local power gain of two orders greater as compared with the standard Otto scheme.Предложен и исследован новый тип резонансного возбуждения поверхностных плазмонов, который характеризуется равенством фазовых скоростей и коэффициентов затухания плазмонов и возбуждающего поля. Показано, что такой резонанс может быть реализован в модифицированной схеме Отто, особенностью которой является наличие в переходном слое периодической системы клиньев, позволяющей формировать наклонную эванесцентную волну. Расчет схемы показал, что превышение усиления в рассматриваемой схеме в сравнении со стандартной схемой Отто может достигать двух порядков и выше

Silicon slow-light-based photonic mixer for microwave-frequencyconversion applications

This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] We describe and demonstrate experimentally a method for photonic mixing of microwave signals by using a silicon electro-optical Mach¿Zehnder modulator enhanced via slow-light propagation. Slow light with a group index of ~11, achieved in a one-dimensional periodic structure, is exploited to improve the upconversion performance of an input frequency signal from 1 to 10.25 GHz. A minimum transmission point is used to successfully demonstrate the upconversion with very low conversion losses of ~7¿¿dB and excellent quality of the received I/Q modulated QPSK signal with an optimum EVM of ~8%.Financial support from FP7-224312 HELIOS project and Generalitat Valenciana under PROMETEO-2010-087 R&D Excellency Program (NANOMET) are acknowledged. F. Y.Gardes, D. J. Thomson, and G. T. Reed are supported by funding received from the UK EPSRC funding body under the grant “UK Silicon Photonics.” The author A. M. Gutiérrez thanks D. Marpaung for his useful help.Gutiérrez Campo, AM.; Brimont, ACJ.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Aamer, M.; Martí Sendra, J.; Thomson, DJ.; Gardes, FY.... (2012). Silicon slow-light-based photonic mixer for microwave-frequencyconversion applications. Optics Letters. 37(10):1721-1723. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721S17211723371

Triply resonant coupled-cavity electro-optic modulators for RF to optical signal conversion

We propose an on-chip triply resonant electro-optic modulator architecture for RF-to-optical signal conversion and provide a detailed theoretical analysis of the optimal "circuit-level" device geometries and their performance limits. The designs maximize the RF-optical conversion efficiency through simultaneous resonant enhancement of the RF drive signal, a continuous-wave (CW) optical pump, and the generated optical sideband. The optical pump and sideband are resonantly enhanced in respective supermodes of a two-coupled-cavity optical resonator system, while the RF signal can be enhanced in addition by an LC circuit formed by capacitances of the optical resonator active regions and (integrated) matching inductors. We show that such designs can offer 15-50 dB improvement in conversion efficiency over conventional microring modulators. In the proposed configurations, the photon lifetime (resonance linewidth) limits the instantaneous RF bandwidth of the electro-optic response but does not limit its central RF frequency. The latter is set by the coupling strength between the two coupled cavities and is not subject to the photon lifetime constraint inherent to conventional singly resonant microring modulators. This feature enables efficient operation at high RF carrier frequencies without a reduction in efficiency commonly associated with the photon lifetime limit and accounts for 10-30 dB of the total improvement. Two optical configurations of the modulator are proposed: a "basic" configuration with equal Q-factors in both supermodes, most suitable for narrowband RF signals, and a "generalized" configuration with independently tailored supermode Q-factors that supports a wider instantaneous bandwidth. A second significant 5-20 dB gain in modulation efficiency is expected from RF drive signal enhancement by integrated LC resonant matching, leading to the total expected improvement of 15-50 dB. Previously studied triply-resonant modulators, with coupled longitudinal [across the free spectral range (FSR)] modes, have large resonant mode volume for typical RF frequencies, which limits the interaction between the optical and RF fields. In contrast, the proposed modulators support maximally tightly confined resonant modes, with strong coupling between the mode fields, which increases and maintains high device efficiency across a range of RF frequencies. The proposed modulator architecture is compact, efficient, capable of modulation at high RF carrier frequencies and can be applied to any cavity design or modulation mechanism. It is also well suited to moderate Q, including silicon, implementations, and may be enabling for future CMOS RF-electronic-photonic systems on chip.</p

Sub-decibel efficiency, bi-layer, O-band fiber-to-chip grating coupler demonstrated in a 45 nm CMOS foundry platform

We demonstrate a grating coupler with 0.85 dB fiber-to-chip coupling loss in the O-band (1,300 nm), implemented in a 45 nm CMOS foundry platform.Accepted manuscrip

НИЗКОЧАСТОТНОЕ ОБРАТНОЕ АКУСТООПТИЧЕСКОЕ РАССЕЯНИЕ БЕССЕЛЕВЫХ СВЕТОВЫХ ПУЧКОВ

The features of acousto-optic diffraction of a Bessel light beam (BLB) on a Bessel acoustic beam (BAB) in transversely anisotropic crystals are investigated. The scheme of acousto-optic (AO) interaction is considered when the incident TH-polarized BLB propagating along the optical c axis of an optically uniaxial crystal is excited in the crystal of the TE- po-la rized BLB due to the process of anisotropic TH→TE diffraction. The diffraction problem is solved for transversely isotropic crystals, whose cylindrical symmetry is fully consistent with the symmetry of both BLB and BAB propagating along the optical axis and the AO interaction occurs without distortion of the spatial structure of beams. It is shown that in the process of backward acousto-optic scattering, the use of Bessel light beams with a large cone angle makes it possible to significantly reduce the frequency of the acoustic wave necessary for satisfying the longitudinal synchronism condition (values of less than 1 GHz). It is established that the efficiency of the AO interaction of the BLB and the BAB is determined not only by the intensity of the acoustic field, longitudinal wave detuning and the interaction length, but also by the period of transverse oscillations of Bessel beams. These oscillations determine the value of the overlap integrals and, consequently, the effective AO parameters. When the conditions of longitudinal and transverse synchronisms are realized, it is possible to achieve the high diffraction efficiency close to unity. The angular width of transverse synchronism is equal to about 0.5 mrad and increases with increasing acoustic power. It is shown that when the BLB is diffracted, the order of its phase dislocation changes by a value that is equal to the order of BAB phase dislocation. Because of the narrow angular spectrum of a scattered field, the back ward AO diffraction of Bessel light beams is promising for the development of low-frequency AO filters and spectrum analyzers. The property of self-reconstruction of the transverse profile of an optical field is promising for applications of Bessel light beams in defectroscopy.Исследованы особенности акустооптической дифракции бесселева светового пучка (БСП) на бесселевом акустическом пучке (БАП) в поперечно анизотропных кристаллах. Рассмотрена схема акустооптического (АО) взаимодействия, когда ТН-поляризованный (или е-поляризованный) БСП падает на оптически одноосный кристалл в направлении оптической оси с и за счет анизотропной дифракции ТН→ТЕ падающий е-БСП возбуждает в кристалле рассеянный о-БСП. Задача АО дифракции решается для поперечно изотропных кристаллов, цилиндрически симметричная геометрия которых полностью согласована по симметрии с БСП и БАП, распространяющихся вдоль оптической оси, и процесс АО взаимодействия происходит без искажения пространственной структуры пучков. Показано, что в процессе обратного акустооптического рассеяния использование бесселевых световых пучков с большим углом конуса позволяет значительно уменьшить необходимую для выполнения условия продольного синхронизма частоту акустической волны (до значений менее 1 ГГц). Установлено, что эффективность АО взаимодействия БСП и БАП определяется не только интенсивностью акустического поля, продольной волновой расстройкой и длиной взаимодействия, как в случае плоских волн, но и поперечной структурой бесселевых пучков. Эта структура определяет величину интегралов перекрытия и, следовательно, эффективные АО параметры. При выполнении условий продольного и поперечного синхронизмов возможно достижение высокой эффективности дифракции, близкой к единице, а угловая ширина основного максимума составляет при этом величину ~0,5 мрад и возрастает при увеличении акустической мощности. Установлено, что при дифракции БСП происходит трансформация порядка его фазовой дислокации на величину, равную порядку фазовой дислокации БАП. Из-за малой ширины углового спектра рассеянного БСП обратное акустооптическое рассеяние бесселевых световых пучков перспективно для разработки низкочастотных акустооптических фильтров и спектроанализаторов, а свойство самореконструкции поперечной структуры перспективно для применений бесселевых пучков в дефектоскопии. 

Особенности акустооптического взаимодействия оптических и акустических бесселевых пучков в поперечно изотропных оптически положительных кристаллах

Some basic properties of acousto-optical (AO) diffraction involving Bessel light and acoustic beams in anisotropic crystals are investigated. Hexagonal symmetry crystals are considered and are optically uniaxial and positive and acoustically transversely isotropic. It is shown that, unlike the case of AO diffraction of plane waves, the transition to Bessel beams allows one to realize a number of new diffraction channels having specific configurations of the wave vectors of interacting waves while maintaining the axial symmetry of the optical scheme as a whole. The diffraction channels for anisotropic scattering are classified and the main parameters of the scattered Bessel light beam and the parameters of the Bessel acoustic beam are calculated for each of them. The possibility of implementing the isotropic-type diffraction was revealed, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of AO conversion. The parameters of this-type diffraction are determined for two scattering channels, namely, for scattering by a direct Bessel acoustic beam and by a backward propagating acoustic beam.Due to the appearance of a set of scattering channels and with regard to the fact that Bessel light and acoustic beams have helical wave front dislocations, as well as suppressed diffraction spreading, the study of the features of AO diffraction of such beams in optically positive crystals has both a scientific and practical interest. Исследованы особенности акустооптической (АО) дифракции с участием бесселевых светового и акустического пучков в анизотропных кристаллах. Рассмотрены кристаллы гексагональной симметрии, которые являются оптически положительными, а акустически – поперечно изотропными. Показано, что в отличие от случая АО дифракции плоских волн, переход к бесселевым пучкам позволяет реализовать ряд новых каналов дифракции, имеющих специфические конфигурации волновых векторов взаимодействующих волн при сохранении аксиальной симметрии оптической схемы в целом. Проведена классификация каналов дифракции для анизотропного рассеяния и для них рассчитаны основные параметры рассеянного бесселева светового пучка и параметры бесселева акустического пучка. Обнаружена возможность реализации изотропного типа дифракции, что позволяет повысить эффективность АО преобразования. Определены его характеристики для двух каналов рассеяния, а именно, рассеяния на попутном бесселевом акустическом пучке и на обратном.Из-за многообразия каналов рассеяния, а также с учетом того, что бесселевы световой и акустический пучки обладают винтовыми дислокациями волнового фронта, а также подавленным дифракционным расплыванием, изучение особенностей АО дифракции таких пучков в оптически положительных кристаллах представляет как научный, так и практический интерес.