An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42, 400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences. © 2021, The Author(s)

Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures

Funder: 2017 SGR 329 Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706)Funder: This article is based upon work from COST Action StableNextSol MP1307 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). M. V. K., E. A. K., V. B., and A. Osherov thank the financial support of the United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation (grant no. 2015757). E. A. K., A. A., and I. V.-F. acknowledge a partial support from the SNaPSHoTs project in the framework of the German-Israeli bilateral R&D cooperation in the field of applied nanotechnology. M. S. L. thanks the financial support of NSF (ECCS, award #1610833). S. C., M. Manceau and M. Matheron thank the financial support of European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 763989 (APOLO project). F. De R. and T. M. W. would like to acknowledge the support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1) and express their gratitude to the Welsh Government for their support of the Ser Solar programme. P. A. T. acknowledges financial support from Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-73-30020). J.K. acknowledges the support by the Solar Photovoltaic Academic Research Consortium II (SPARC II) project, gratefully funded by WEFO. M.K.N. acknowledges financial support from Innosuisse project 25590.1 PFNM-NM, Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland. C.-Q. M. would like to acknowledge The Bureau of International Cooperation of Chinese Academy of Sciences for the support of ISOS11 and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for the financial support (No 2016YFA0200700). N.G.P. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea under contracts NRF-2012M3A6A7054861 and NRF-2014M3A6A7060583 (Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System). CSIRO’s contribution to this work was conducted with funding support from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) through its Advancing Renewables Program. A. F. N gratefully acknowledges support from FAPESP (Grant 2017/11986-5) and Shell and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil’s National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R&D levy regulation. Y.-L.L. and Q.B. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation under award #1824674. S.D.S. acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION, grant agreement No. 756962), and the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors (J.J.B, J.M.L., M.O.R, K.Z.) acknowledge support from the De-risking halide perovskite solar cells program of the National Center for Photovoltaics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technology Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. H.J.S. acknowledges the support of EPSRC UK, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. V.T. and M. Madsen acknowledges ‘Villum Foundation’ for funding of the project CompliantPV, under project number 13365. M. Madsen acknowledges Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, DFF FTP for funding of the project React-PV, No. 8022-00389B. M.G. and S.M.Z. thank the King Abdulaziz City for Science and technology (KACST) for financial support. S.V. acknowledges TKI-UE/Ministry of Economic Affairs for financial support of the TKI-UE toeslag project POP-ART (No. 1621103). M.L.C. and H.X. acknowledges the support from Spanish MINECO for the grant GraPErOs (ENE2016-79282-C5-2-R), the OrgEnergy Excellence Network CTQ2016-81911- REDT, the Agència de Gestiód'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 2017 SGR 329 and the Xarxa de Referència en Materials Avançats per a l'Energia (Xarmae). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya.Abstract: Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis

Anisotropy of optical, electrical, and photoelectrical properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon films modified by femtosecond laser irradiation

Two types of independent anisotropic structures have been formed simultaneously in amorphous hydrogenated films by applying a femtosecond laser pulse to them, i.e., a structure with a period of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers and a structure with a period of several hundred nanometers. The formation mechanisms of these strictures are different, which allows us to orient them relative to each other in a desirable way. Both structures independently influence the optical properties of the modified films, which causes the diffraction of transmitted light and making the films polarization-sensitive. The conductivity of the modified films correlates with the mutual orientation of the anisotropic structures, whereas no interrelation between the photoconductivity and optical performance of the modified films has been observed

Femtosecond laser crystallization of boron-doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon films

Crystallization of amorphous hydrogenated silicon films with femtosecond laser pulses is one of the promising ways to produce nanocrystalline silicon for photovoltaics. The structure of laser treated films is the most important factor determining materials' electric and photoelectric properties. In this work we investigated the effect of femtosecond laser irradiation of boron doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon films with different fluences on crystalline volume fraction and electrical properties of this material. A sharp increase of conductivity and essential decrease of activation energy of conductivity temperature dependences accompany the crystallization process. The results obtained are explained by increase of boron doping efficiency in crystalline phase of modified silicon film

Amorphous hydrogenated silicon modified by femtosecond laser radiation for photovoltaics

Thin film technology based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been playing a significant role in thin-film photovoltaics. However, a-Si:H based solar cells suffer from a low carrier mobility and light-induced degradation. In order to diminish these effects, tandem solar cells based on amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) are developed. One of the technologically attractive methods for incorporating nc-Si into a-Si:H is laser induced crystallization.Most of the studies on laser crystallization of a-Si:H employ picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses with radiation photon energies higher than the band gap in a-Si:H of 1.6-1.8 eV. In the last few years, femtosecond laser driven crystallization of a-Si:H films attracts considerable interest. Intense femtosecond laser pulses can alter the structure of the film at photon energies smaller than the band gap. Numerous studies on the structural transformation of a-Si:H induced by femtosecond laser pulses have been reported. However there is a lack of data on the electric and photoelectric properties which are vital for the application of femtosecond laser introduced structures in solar cells.Here we present the results of optical, electric and photoelectric properties of a-Si:H films treated by femtosecond laser radiation with different wavelengths and laser fluencies. Specifically the correlation between changes of these properties and the film structure is shown and the problem of hydrogen out-diffusion is discussed

Effect of laser wavelength on structure and photoelectric properties of a-Si:H films crystallized by femtosecond laser pulses

Femtosecond laser processing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon is a perspective method for thin film solar cells production. It allows to make local crystallization and surface texturing of the films which results in the enhancement of their light absorption and stability of parameters. Thickness of modified material depends strongly on a laser wavelength. However laser wavelength affects also other properties of the film. Therefore here we study structure, surface morphology and photoelectric properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films treated by femtosecond laser pulses of different photon energies, namely above, around and below the mobility gap of amorphous silicon

Effect of the femtosecond laser treatment of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films on their structural, optical, and photoelectric properties

The effect of the femtosecond laser treatment of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (α-Si:H) films on their structural, optical, and photoelectric properties is studied. Under the experimental conditions applied in the study, laser treatment of the film with different radiation intensities induces structural changes that are nonuniform over the film surface. An increase in the radiation intensity yields an increase in the contribution of the nanocrystalline phase to the structure, averaged over the sample surface, as well as an increase in the conductance and photoconductance of the samples. At the same time, for all of the samples, the absorption spectrum obtained by the constant-photocurrent method has a shape typical for those of amorphous silicon. Obtained results indicate the possibility of α-Si:H films photoconductance increase by femtosecond pulse laser treatment