SkillBot: Towards Data Augmentation using Transformer language model and linguistic evaluation

Creating accurate, closed-domain, and machine learning-based chatbots that perform language understanding (intent prediction/detection) and language generation (response generation) requires significant datasets derived from specific knowledge domains. The common challenge in developing a closed-domain chatbot application is the lack of a comprehensive dataset. Such scarcity of the dataset can be complemented by augmenting the dataset with the use of state- of-the-art technologies existing in the field of Natural Language Processing, called ‘Transformer Models’. Our applied computing project experimented with a ‘Generative Pre-trained Transformer’ model, a unidirectional transformer decoder model for augmenting an original dataset limited in size and manually authored. This model uses unidirectional contextual representation i.e., text input is processed from left to right while computing embeddings corresponding to the input sentences. The primary goal of the project was to leverage the potential of a pre-trained transformer-based language model in augmenting an existing, but limited dataset. Additionally, the idea for using the model for text generation and appending the generated embedding to the input embedding supplied was to preserve the intent for the augmented utterances as well as to find a different form of expressions for the same intent which could be expressed by the potential users in the future. Our experiment showed improved performance for understanding language and generation for the chatbot model trained on the augmented dataset indicating that a pre-trained language model can be beneficial for the effective working of natural language-based applications such as a chatbot model trained on the augmented dataset indicating that a pre-trained language model can be beneficial for the effective working of natural language-based applications such as a chatbo

Impact of Educational Intervention Measures on Knowledge regarding HIV/ Occupational Exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Final Year Nursing Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Amongst the different Health Care Personnel nurses are at a greater risk of being accidentally exposed to HIV and other Blood Borne Pathogens. The present study was conducted among 50 final year nursing students of a Medical College Hospital to assess the knowledge regarding HIV, occupational exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) among the students and analyses the impact of educational intervention measures on the issues amongst the study subjects. A Pre-designed and Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of knowledge before and after educational intervention sessions. Knowledge regarding risk of transmission of HIV by needle-stick injury and body fluids against which universal precautions were mandatory increased by 72% following the intervention sessions (χ2 = 53.202, p <0.001). 72% and 36% respondents correctly knew the duration within which to start PEP and the drugs available for PEP, post educational sessions 98% and 96% students were aware of it: the difference being statistically significant (χ2 = 11.294, p <0.001) and (χ2 = 37.748, p <0.001) respectively. The mean pre-intervention score was 8.32; mean post-intervention score was 14.40: statistical analysis showed the results to be significant (t= 13.857, p< 0.001). The study reflects that there is a dearth of knowledge among the study group. Incorporating the concerned issues in the academic curriculum to provide the students with adequate knowledge and information during their formative years is needed

An Interdental Radiolucent Lesion of Mandible: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis

Aim: The present article discusses a case which was an accidental finding in uncommon location. Case Report: A 70-year-old apparently healthy woman presented with proximal caries on mesial surface of canine and exhibited mild sensitivity to percussion. An intraoral periapical radiograph demonstrated interdental bone loss along with a diffuse unilocular radiolucent lesion between the canine and premolar region. Pathologies such as Radicular cyst, &nbsp;Lateral Periodontal Cyst, Collateral Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT), Squamous Odontogenic Tumor (SOT), Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG), Extrafollicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT), other possible odontogenic and mesenchymal lesions with similar presentation in the anterior jaw were considered and discussed in our differential diagnosis. Conclusion: After histopathological examination of the incisional biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed of KCOT. The lesion was treated with carnoy&rsquo;s solution prior to surgical enucleation. The patient had been under regular follow-up for 2 years and showed no recurrence

Human P450 CYP17A1: Control of Substrate Preference by Asparagine 202

CYP17A1 is a key steroidogenic enzyme known to conduct several distinct chemical transformations on multiple substrates. In its hydroxylase activity, this enzyme adds a hydroxyl group at the 17α position of both pregnenolone and progesterone at approximately equal rates. However, the subsequent 17,20 carbon–carbon scission reaction displays variable substrate specificity in the numerous CYP17A1 isozymes operating in vertebrates, manifesting as different Kd and kcat values when presented with 17α-hydroxypregnenlone (OHPREG) versus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (OHPROG). Here we show that the identity of the residue at position 202 in human CYP17A1, thought to form a hydrogen bond with the A-ring alcohol substituent on the pregnene- nucleus, is a key driver of this enzyme’s native preference for OHPREG. Replacement of asparagine 202 with serine completely reverses the preference of CYP17A1, more than doubling the rate of turnover of the OHPROG to androstenedione reaction and substantially decreasing the rate of formation of dehydroepiandrosterone from OHPREG. In a series of resonance Raman experiments, it was observed that, in contrast with the case for the wild-type protein, in the mutant the 17α alcohol of OHPROG tends to form a H-bond with the proximal rather than terminal oxygen of the oxy–ferrous complex. When OHPREG was a substrate, the mutant enzyme was found to have a H-bonding interaction with the proximal oxygen that is substantially weaker than that of the wild type. These results demonstrate that a single-point mutation in the active site pocket of CYP17A1, even when far from the heme, has profound effects on steroidogenic selectivity in androgen biosynthesis

Positronium reflection and positronium beams

Specular reflection of positronium, Ps was observed and that there is adequate intensity at higher energies to make further study worthwhile was established. The scattering appears to be restricted to the outermost surface with a mean free path of (0.75 + or - 0.15)A for Ps in LiF(100). With a greater intensity Ps beam one should see higher order diffraction beams as the result of the periodicity of the surface. Ps diffraction thus offers the possibility of being a novel and valuable probe to study the outermost surface and to study adsorbants on it. Two methods for producing Ps beams are described

Analysis of Yield Attributing Characters of Different Genotypes of Wheat in Rupandehi, Nepal

Field experiment was conducted at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi with the objective to identify high yielding superior wheat genotypes for Rupandehi district of Nepalduring 2014. Experiment was laid out in one factorial Randomized completely block design with ten wheat genotypes including both released and promising; Annapurna 1, Annapurna 3, Pasang Lahmu, Bijaya, BL 3623, Bhirkuti, NL 297, BL 4316, BL 3978 and BL 4347with three replications. The results showed that the grain yield of BL 3978 was found higher (4.03 t ha-1) than other genotypes followed by BL 4347 (3.93t ha-1). BL 3978 have also higher number of effective tillers m-2 and test weight. Among release varieties, NL 297 show higher yield (4 t ha-1) followed by Bhirkuti (3.43 t ha-1)and Bijaya (3.37 t ha-1). From this experiment it can be concluded that BL 3978 was found promising among all genotypes however should be tested at on-farms before promoted for general cultivation in Rupandehi district of Nepal

Structural and magnetic properties of an InGaAs/Fe3_3Si superlattice in cylindrical geometry

The structure and the magnetic properties of an InGaAs/Fe3Si superlattice in a cylindrical geometry are investigated by electron microscopy techniques, x-ray diffraction and magnetometry. To form a radial superlattice, a pseudomorphic InGaAs/Fe3As bilayer has been released from its substrate self-forming into a rolled-up microtube. Oxide-free interfaces as well as areas of crystalline bonding are observed and an overall lattice mismatch between succeeding layers is determined. The cylindrical symmetry of the final radial superlattice shows a significant effect on the magnetization behavior of the rolled-up layers

Tension Dynamics and Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of a Single Semiflexible Polymer Chain

We study the dynamical response of a single semiflexible polymer chain based on the theory developed by Hallatschek et al. for the wormlike-chain model. The linear viscoelastic response under oscillatory forces acting at the two chain ends is derived analytically as a function of the oscillation frequency . We shall show that the real part of the complex compliance in the low frequency limit is consistent with the static result of Marko and Siggia whereas the imaginary part exhibits the power-law dependence +1/2. On the other hand, these compliances decrease as the power law -7/8 for the high frequency limit. These are different from those of the Rouse dynamics. A scaling argument is developed to understand these novel results.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

Technical Paper Session I-B - CIGSeS and CIGS2 Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Foils for Space Power

The objective of the research is to develop flexible, lightweight, radiationresistant, high-specific-power, highly efficient CuIn1-xGaxSe2-ySy (CIGSeS) and CuIn1- xGaxS2 (CIGS2) thin-film solar cells for space electric power. The near optimum bandgap, potential for higher specific power, and superior radiation resistance make this technology an ideal candidate for space electric power. The superior radiation resistance of CIGSeS thin-film solar cells relative to the conventional silicon and gallium arsenide single-crystal cells in the space radiation environment would extend mission lifetimes substantially. The conventional rigid Si and GaAs cells must be folded in an accordion style for deployment space. This can cause problems of opening up and folding of the solar array as has happened recently with the International Space Station. On the other hand, the flexible solar cells and modules can be packaged and rolled out more easily. The stainless steel and titanium foil substrate materials are capable of withstanding high temperatures required for preparing good quality CIGSeS absorber layer. They also do not sag easily and hence do not require rigidizing as is the case with plastic sheet substrates. The CIGSeS absorber film is prepared by selenization/sulfurization of DC magnetron sputter-deposited CuGa, In metallic precursors on 10 cm x 10 cm metallic foil substrate coated with molybdenum back contact layer. CdS heterojunction partner is deposited by chemical bath deposition. Transparent and conducting bilayer of intrinsic ZnO and aluminum doped ZnO:Al is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Cells are completed by depositing Ni/Al front contact fingers by thermal evaporation. The sputtering technique utilized in the preparation of solar cells provides an added advantage of facilitating easy scale-up of the laboratory size cells for economic large-area manufacture by the roll-to-roll process. Chemical composition, crystallographic structure and morphology of CIGSeS thin films are analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The photovoltaic properties of completed cells are studied by measurement of current-voltage characteristics and quantum efficiency. Best efficiencies of 10.4% under AM 1.5 conditions and 8.84% under AM 0 conditions were achieved on small-area CIGS2 thin-film solar cells

Experimental Investigation on the Deformation Response of Hybrid 3D Woven Composites

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97059/1/AIAA2012-1572.pd