Immature stages of Plain Tiger, Danaus chrysippus chrysippus a rare butterfly of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Danaidae)

The plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Danaidae) is a widely distributed butterfly is rare in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The scarcity of food plant Calotropis in the islands is the reason for rarity. The immature stages of the butterfly are discussed in the paper with some unusual observations such as laying of eggs in cluster and on the upper side of food plant, showing stress on survival of the fly

Entropy and Barrier-Hopping Determine Conformational Viscoelasticity in Single Biomolecules

Biological macromolecules have complex and non-trivial energy landscapes, endowing them a unique conformational adaptability and diversity in function. Hence, understanding the processes of elasticity and dissipation at the nanoscale is important to molecular biology and also emerging fields such as nanotechnology. Here we analyse single molecule fluctuations in an atomic force microscope (AFM) experiment using a generic model of biopolymer viscoelasticity that importantly includes sources of local `internal' conformational dissipation. Comparing two biopolymers, dextran and cellulose, polysaccharides with and without the well-known `chair-to-boat' transition, reveals a signature of this simple conformational change as minima in both the elasticity and internal friction around a characteristic force. A calculation of two-state populations dynamics offers a simple explanation in terms of an elasticity driven by the entropy, and friction by barrier-controlled hopping, of populations on a landscape. The microscopic model, allows quantitative mapping of features of the energy landscape, revealing unexpectedly slow dynamics, suggestive of an underlying roughness to the free energy.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, naturemag.bst, modified nature.cls (naturemodified.cls

Smart Asset Management for Electric Utilities: Big Data and Future

This paper discusses about future challenges in terms of big data and new technologies. Utilities have been collecting data in large amounts but they are hardly utilized because they are huge in amount and also there is uncertainty associated with it. Condition monitoring of assets collects large amounts of data during daily operations. The question arises "How to extract information from large chunk of data?" The concept of "rich data and poor information" is being challenged by big data analytics with advent of machine learning techniques. Along with technological advancements like Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics will play an important role for electric utilities. In this paper, challenges are answered by pathways and guidelines to make the current asset management practices smarter for the future.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of 12th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM) 201

Multicentre observational cohort study of NSAIDs as risk factors for postoperative adverse events in gastrointestinal surgery

Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as postoperative analgesia by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society. Recent studies have raised concerns that NSAID administration following colorectal anastomosis may be associated with increased risk of anastomotic leak. This multicentre study aims to determine NSAIDs' safety profile following gastrointestinal resection. Methods and analysis: This prospective, multicentre cohort study will be performed over a 2-week period utilising a collaborative methodology. Consecutive adults undergoing open or laparoscopic, elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection will be included. The primary end point will be the 30-day morbidity, assessed using the Clavien-Dindo classification. This study will be disseminated through medical student networks, with an anticipated recruitment of at least 900 patients. The study will be powered to detect a 10% increase in complication rates with NSAID use. Ethics and dissemination: Following the Research Ethics Committee Chairperson's review, a formal waiver was received. This study will be registered as a clinical audit or service evaluation at each participating hospital. Dissemination will take place through previously described novel research collaborative networks

Pregnancy outcome after diagnosis of oligohydramnios at term

Background: To study the perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios (AFI < 5) at term & find out incidence of relation of maternal high risk factors.Methods: A Prospective case control study consists of an analysis of pregnancy outcome in 50 cases with diagnosis of oligohydramnios by ultrasound after 37 completed weeks of gestation compared with 50 controls with no oligohydramnios.Results: The selected outcomes showed significant variations in both groups. There were increased chances of FHR decelerations, Thick meconium, low Apgar score at 5 min. ,birth weight <2.5 kg, admission to NICU, congenital anomalies & neonatal mortality(statistically not significant).Conclusions: An amniotic fluid index of < 5 cm detected after 37 completed weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. Determination of AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods. It helps to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome

CMB Distortions from Superconducting Cosmic Strings

We reconsider the effect of electromagnetic radiation from superconducting strings on cosmic microwave background (CMB) mu- and y-distortions and derive present (COBE-FIRAS) and future (PIXIE) constraints on the string tension, mu_s, and electric current, I. We show that absence of distortions of the CMB in PIXIE will impose strong constraints on mu_s and I, leaving the possibility of light strings (G mu_s < 10^{-18}) or relatively weak currents (I < 10 TeV).Comment: 10pages, 5 figures, Submitted to PRD, v2:References added, replaced to match the PRD versio

Approximate behaviors

The motivation for this paper is to contribute to a unified approach to modeling, realization, approximation and analysis for systems with a rich class of uncertainty structures. The specific focus is on what is the appropriate framework to model components with uncertainty, and what is the appropriate notion of approximation for such components. Components and systems are conceptualized in terms of their behaviors, which can be specified by parametrized equations. More questions are posed than are answered

Polarographic Study of Zn(II)-Tryptophan System

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Utilization of fish trash for increasing yield and quality of milk in cattle

The difference between cost of milk production and Its telling price Is very thin and Is getting thinner due to cumulative increase in cattle food prices on one side and limitations on marketing price of milk on the other. Possible utilization of trash fish converted to liquid silage a* a part of cattle food resulting In Increased yield of milk and fat concern are discussed in this paper. The development of silage and field trials on milking catties were carried out by Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute, Okha

Factors Affecting the Productivity of Coffee in Gulmi and Arghakhanchi Districts of Nepal

Coffee is one of the major potential cash crops with lucrative export value grown in mid-hills of Nepal. Nepalese coffee production has suffered long by low productivity. Research was conducted from February to May, 2019 to analyze the factors affecting the productivity of coffee in Arghakhanchi and Gulmi districts of Nepal. These two districts were, purposively selected for this study taking account of comparative advantage and past studies recommendations for coffee sector. Altogether, 100 coffee growing households 50 from each, Arghakhanchi and Gulmi, were sampled by using multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect the primary information while secondary information was collected reviewing the relevant publications. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to determine the factors affecting the productivity of coffee. The study revealed that the number of active family members involved in coffee production (0.000), adoption of income diversification through intercropping (0.005), training (0.072) and technical assistance (0.021) had positive and significant effect on coffee productivity. Encouraging the household to have coffee production as their primary occupation, providing technical assistance on rational land utilization and intercropping and strengthening the skill and knowledge of farmers through trainings could significantly support in increasing the productivity of coffee