The difference between cost of milk production and Its telling price Is very thin and Is

getting thinner due to cumulative increase in cattle food prices on one side and limitations on

marketing price of milk on the other. Possible utilization of trash fish converted to liquid silage

a* a part of cattle food resulting In Increased yield of milk and fat concern are discussed in

this paper. The development of silage and field trials on milking catties were carried out by

Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute, Okha

Chhaya, N D

Khatri, C N

Malli, P C

Parmer, K G

CMFRI Digital Repository

CMFRI bulletin 44 Part Two MARCH 1990 NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE FISHERIES MANDAPAM CAMP 16-18 September 1987 Papers Presented Sessions III & IV CENTRAL M A R I N E FISHERIES RESEARCH I N S T I T U T E ( Indian Counci l o f Agr icu l tu ra l Research) P. B. No . 2 7 0 4 , E. R.'G. Road, C o c h l n - 6 8 2 0 3 1 , India * * c w o .^^ ^Wies ^ 40 YEADS % S CMFRI bulletin 44 Part Two MARCH 1990 40 9 or. " YEADS NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE FISHERIES MANDAPAM CAMP I6-I8 September 1987 Papers Presented Sessions I I I & IV CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) P. B. No. 2704, E. R. G. Road, Cochin-6 82 0 3 1 , India Bulletins are issued periodically by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute to interpret current knowledge in the various fields of research on marine fisheries and allied subjects in India. Copyright Reterved ® Published by Dr. P. S. B. R. JAMES Director Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute E. R. G. Road Cochin-682 031, India Editorial Committee Dr K ALAGARSWAMI Dr K ALAGARAJA Shri M S MUTHU Dr K J MATHEW Dr N GOPINATHA MENON Limited Circulation Pnpev-eS UTILIZATION OF FISH TRASH FOR INCREASING YIELD AND QUALITY OF MILK IN C A T T L E N. D. Chhaya. K. G, Parmar, C. N. Khatri and P.S. Malli Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute, 0/cha ABSTRACT The difference between cost of milk production and Its telling price Is very thin and Is getting thinner due to cumulative increase in cattle food prices on one side and limitations on marketing price of milk on the other. Possible utilization of trash fish converted to liquid silage a* a part of cattle food resulting In Increased yield of milk and fat contem are discussed in this paper. The development of silage and field trials on milking catties were carried out by Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute, Okha. INTRODUCTION Almost 50 per cent or more fish catch in Gujarat does not fetch value and thus is commonly grouped as "trash fish". However, much value negative fish is also equally good in protein and other nutritive contents. With the increasing number of bottom trawlers, the quantity of trash fish caught is on the in(^ase. The landings consist of 70 to 80% i ra^ fish. Unfortunately this nourishing fishes are not commercially acceptable because of food habits of fish eaters and large number of bones in such fishes. While a part of these fishes are sundried, some are converted to fillets and others are used to make manure or meal. Since such products are not highly priced the fisherman is at a loss. These so called trash fishes could be effectively used for making nutritive products for human consumption and for feeding cattle and poultry. The Gujarat fisheries at its Okha laboratory started a programme of research for trash BUUETIN 44 473 fish initially with 75% grant of I.CA.R. and later fully of its own. During the last decade this laboratory has developed: (a) Edible protein rich tablets and capsules, the tablets being sugar coated. They have been tested in large number of Ashram Shalas and other places and the feed back reports have been very encouraging. Over three million tablets have been test marketed, and repeat orders have been received. (b) Fish Kheema has also been successfully produced on large scale and tested. (c) Other items, like poultry feed superior quality fish fillet, fish cubes, soup powder, papad, chakri, ganthia and biscuits have also been produced. As a part of its ongoing programme Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute at its Okha processing laboratory has developed fish silage from certain uneconomic trash fishes. The silage has been tested repeatedly for (a) organoleptic conditions, (b) bacteriological counts, (c) nutritional values and ^d) shelf life qualities. This paper discusses the preparation, field experiments and feed back results of the silage. MATERIAL & METHODS Silage was prepared on the basis of flow chart given. It was further analysed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, silica and f . coli> Stephylococci. Salmonella, T. P. C. etc. and the results are given in Tablet. TABLE 1 Analytical data of tha fish silaga Moiture Protein Fat Ash Silica M. E (kcal/kg) Total plate count E. Coll Staphylococci Steptococci Saimonalla Liquid 75.50% 16.35% 3.7% 3.81% 0.02% 3303 0.08x10* Absent -do--do-•do-Dry 19.43% 48.56% 21.17% — — 4206 0.29 X 10» Absent -do--do--do-The names of fishes used as raw material individually or in mixture are given in table-2. TABLE 2 Names of fishes (raw material) used Common name Species name Anchovy Lizard fish Silver bar Pellona Moon fish Coral trout 'Dhoma' Ribbon fish Sole fish Cuttle fish Silver belly Bony beam Rainbow fish CoHia dussumiari Saurida tumbil Chirocentrus dorab Pellona ditchella Drepane punctata Variola louti Otolithus ruber Lepturacanthus savala Cynoglossus lingua Sepia aculeate Leiognathus fasciatus Nematolosa nasus Platyglossus dussumiari Pre-primary trials regarding acceptability of this silage were carried out on pigs, chicken and catties at Gujarat Fisheries Aquatic Sciences Research Institute campus and the approximate suitable percentage of mixing this silage with normal animal food was decided upon. It was them decided to carryout field trials with ensilage mixture of Sand 10% in the feed of milking cattle. The field trials were conducted on milking cattle at (a) Valsalya Dairy Farm, Jamkhambhalia (b) Chandaria Trust, Ravalsar (c) INS Walsura Naval Establishment, Jamnagar (all above in Jamnager District) and (d) Gujarat Agriculture University, Juna-gadh campus, cattle breeding farm (on growing calves). DISCUSSION Feed back data received from field centres with milking cows are given in tables 3, 4 & 5. 474 CMFRI TABLE 3 Fish Siiage Experiment Data - Vatsalya Dairy Farm. Jam Khambhalia Sr. Name of the No. of milking AveraOe yield of Average yield of No. centre cow taken up milk per day for milk per day 30 Aveiage Increase Average Average per day for cows fat fat content content In milk in milk before afcer fish fish silage silage Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Total given given ' (litres) nitres) (%) {%) the last 15 days before feeding silage for cows-days of 10 per cent liquid fish silage in feed. 1. Jsm-Khambhalia Experimental Cow no. one 3 3 Two cows Cow no. two 4 4 Control One cow 6 6 S-O 4.983 CO Average % of increase in yield in expt- cows: 11.68% Average % of increase in yield in fat in expt- Cows : 11-11 3.250 3-432 0.258 0.432 0.682 4.5 5.0 4.316 4.300 0.316 0.300 0.616 4.5 5.0 0.017 0.017 5.0 5.0 TABLE 4 Fish siiage Data - Navsargan Rural Development Foundation. Rava/sar 1. Ravalsar Experimental Cow no. one Two cows Cow no. two Control Cow no. one Two cows Cow no. two 2.794 2.188 2.981 2 325 0.187 0.37 — + 6 . 5 0 1.623 1.311 1.636 1.181 0 013 0.30 —3.98 1,123 1023 0.873 0 756 -0 .267 -0 .615 -23 .99 0.777 0.559 0.7l1 0 526 -0 .033 —0099 — — 7.4l TABLE 5 Statement showing the increase of milk production and fat content during feeding of liquid fish silage Place of experiment : INS Vaisura, Dairy farm Name of Buff alow : KATNA Percentage of siiage given : 5% A. iVI. P. M. Date Qty. of Sp. Qty. of Sp. milk (L) Fat Gravity miiit (L) Fat Gravity Remarks 01-2-87 to 08-2-87 2.9 6.8 1.026 2 3 6.6 1.025 This is preprimary expt. only and requires broad based trials and feed back. 09-2-87 to 15-2-87 16-2-87 to 22-2-87 23-2-87 to 28-2-87 3.1 3.2 3.2 6.9 7.2 7.2 1.027 1.028 1.028 2.4 2.5 2.5 6.8 7 0 7.0 1.026 1.027 1.027 Total increase in milk production 10%; Increase in fat content 4.5% PULLETIN 44 475 TABLE 5 Continued Place of Experiment : INS Valsura Dairy farm Name of Buffalow : RITA Percentage of silage given : 10% A. M. P. M. Date Qty. of Sp. Qty of milk Fat Gravity milk Fat Sp. Gravity Remarks 01-2-87 to 08-2-87 2.1 6 9 1.026 2.2 7.0 1.025 This is preprimary expt. only 09-2-87 to 15-2-87 16-2-87 to 22.2-87 23-2-87 to 28-2-87 2.2 2.5 2.5 7.0 5.1 7.3 1.027 1.027 1.027 2.3 2.6 2.6 7,1 7.1 7.3 1.026 1.026 1.026 and requires broad based trials. Total increase in milk production — 18.6%; Increase in fat content — 5.0% Place of experiment : INS Valsura dairy farm Name of Buffalow : ASHA Percentage of silage given -10% A.M. P.M. Date Qty of Sp. Qty. of Sp. Milk Fat Gravity milk Fat Gravity Remarks 01-2-87 to 08-2-87 1.9 8.1 1.026 1.6 8.0 1.025 This is preprimary expt. only and requires broad based trials. 09 2-87 to 15-2-87 16-2-87 to 22-2 87 23-2-87 to 28-2-87 2.2 2-3 2-3 8.3 8.4 8.4 1.027 1.028 1.028 1,9 2 0 2.0 8.3 8.4 8.4 1.026 1.026 1.027 Total increase in milk product ion — 22.87.; Place of experiment : INS Valsura dairy farm Name of Buffalow : NILAM Percentage of si/aga given : 10% Date 01-2-87 to 08-2-87 09-2-87 to 15-2-87 16-2-87 to 22-2-87 23-2-87 to 28-2-87 A .M. Qty. of milk Fat 2.7 7.1 2.8 7.3 2.0 7.5 3.0 7.5 Sp. Gravity 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.028 Qty. of milk 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 Increase in fat P.M. Fat 7.0 7.3 7.5 7.5 Sp. Gravity 1.025 1.026 1.028 1.028 content — 4.3% Remarks This Is preprimary expt. only and requires broad based trials. — Total increase in milk production — 12.2% — Increase in fat content — 6.4% — Overall increase in milk production and fat content by feeding 10% fish silage is 17.9% and 5.2% respectively. 47B CMFRI These indicate that: (a) At 5% fish silage mixed with rations the cattle pave about 10% iriof^ milk and about 11-5% in increase in fat content in experimental group in comparison to control. (b) At 10% mixture with rations the increase in milk yield in the experi-mental group was as much as 18 to 20%. (c) The fat content increase varied bet-ween 5 and 1 1 % . Junagadh cattle breeding farm has also shown encouraging growth potential of cows but definite conclusions will be obtained on full growth cycle observations. During the experiments and observations, it has been noted that for economic productions of silage : (1) Raw material should be cheap and fresh, (2) Quality and quantity of chemical preservative should be optimum. (3) Ensilage producing centres can be preferably located in the coastal areas near landing sites and surrounding dairy areas with easy transportation facilities. (4) For proper storage and shelf!ife and to avoid corrosion and toxicity HOPE drums, plastic carbouys etc. are pre-ferable to metal containers. This being a liquid product it entails long distance transportations overheads. Hence dry product experiments with various animal feeds are indicated and are on hand. CONCLUSIONS (1) The process needs cows, cost and trash fish materials easily and locally available. (2) The product can be useful and coast effective in areas with cattle farms near to landing centres. (3) The process has been simplified to a level where only one trained technical staff is required. The rest would be on daily wages and can be relieved when there is no work this will reduce further costs. Further field trials on larger scale wil l be on hand. The product trial on poultries and piggeries as well as on growing catties has indicated increased hatchability. Such product preparation and popularisation can lead to : (a) Increased constructive utilization of trash fish, (b) better remuneration to fishermen and (c) more yields and profit to farmers at low costs and simple technology. Flow chart for preparation of f/sfi silaga Fresh raw material (Small trash fish) Washing with tap water and weighing Mixing with bone seperater or mixing machine Mixing with organic acid (formic acid) 3 5% of raw material Keep it in polythene or plastic tub Everyday mix it well with wooden stick for one week After one week it becomes slury type liquid and viscous ^^  Filtering with sieve to remove scales skin, bone and other materials 4-Storing in suitable container like plastic carbouys, polythene jerry cans etc. >^  Transportation to cattle farm 4-Utilize as a cattle feed, adding into daily feed 4 ro 10%. BULLETIN 44 477 

Utilization of fish trash for increasing yield

and quality of milk in cattle

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Utilization of fish trash for increasing yield and quality of milk in cattle

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