Expressão gênica de ApoA1 e ApoB em de frangos de corte de duas linhagens diferentes

objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a expressão gênica das apolipoproteínas A1 e B, bem como a relação entre elas no fígado de frangos de corte de duas linhagens, selecionada e não selecionada. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Os animais das duas linhagens, uma selecionada e outra não selecionada, foram alojados em gaiolas em ambiente climatizado durante 42 dias. As dietas oferecidas foram adequadas a cada fase de desenvolvimento, porém não diferiram entre os dois grupos. Ao final desse período os animais foram abatidos e foram realizadas coletas de fígado para as análises de expressão gênica. As amostras foram armazenadas em tubo criogênico imerso em nitrogênio líquido até o momento da extração de RNA das amostras. Os animais da linhagem selecionada apresentaram maior expressão relativa dos genes estudados, quando comparados com os animais da linhagem não selecionada, entretanto, a relação entre as apolipoproteínas se manteve constante nas duas linhagens. A seleção para ganho em peso reduz a expressão dos genes das apolipoproteínas A1 e B no fígado de frangos de corte

Efeito da inclusão do blend de óleos essenciais no desempenho e na expressão do gene HSP70 em frangos de corte sob estresse térmico crônico

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of a blend of essential oils (capsaicin, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol) in broiler submitted to thermal stress. Performance parameters and gene expression of heat shock protein (HSP70) were evaluated in the liver and jejunum. Regarding performance, animals subjected to heat stress had lower feed intake and weight gain and higher feed conversion. The inclusion of 3% of the blend increased the HSP70 gene expression in jejunum and liver of 42 days old broiler chickens.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la inclusión de una mezcla de aceites esenciales (capsaicina, carvacrol, cinamaldehído y eugenol) en pollos de engorde sometidos a estrés térmico. Los parámetros de rendimiento y la expresión génica de la proteína de choque térmico 70 kDa (HSP70) se evaluaron en el hígado y el yeyuno. En cuanto al rendimiento, los animales sometidos a estrés por calor crónico tuvieron menor consumo de alimento y ganancia de peso y mayor conversión alimenticia. La inclusión del 3% de la mezcla en la ración aumentó la expresión del gen HSP70 en yeyuno e hígado de pollos de engorde de 42 días de edad.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de um blend de óleos essenciais (capsaicina, carvacrol, cinamaldeído e eugenol) em frangos de corte submetidos a estresse térmico. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho e expressão do gene da proteína de choque térmico (HSP70) no fígado e jejuno. Em relação ao desempenho, os animais submetidos ao estresse térmico tiveram menor consumo de ração e ganho de peso e maior conversão alimentar. A inclusão de 3% aumentou a expressão do gene HSP70 no jejuno e fígado de frangos de corte de 42 dias de idade

Effect of prenatal ambient temperature on the performance physiological parameters, and oxidative metabolism of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) layers exposed to heat stress during growth

A strategy to mitigate the negative effects of stress on animals is to enhance their ability to beneficially respond to stressful conditions. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal ambient temperature influences the response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to environmental challenges during growth. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two temperature conditions for the mothers (thermoneutral and heat stress by continuous exposure to 32 °C) and two offspring ambient temperature conditions (thermoneutral and heat stress by intermittent exposure to 34 °C for 6 h/day from 15 to 35 days of age). Heat stress in mothers led to lower laying rate, egg mass, expression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) gene, and antioxidant capacity as well as higher chick mortality rate (1–15 days of age). Maternal heat stress led to lower weight gain and total antioxidant capacity and higher feed conversion ratio. Maternal temperature × Offspring temperature interaction effects were observed on carbonylated protein content and HSP70, GSS, and MSRA gene expression. It was observed that, for chicks hatched from heat-stressed mothers, exposure to heat stress led to higher carbonylated protein content and HSP70 expression than exposure to thermoneutral conditions. Maternal heat stress was also responsible for increasing GSS expression in chicks grown under thermoneutral conditions. Chicks hatched from non-stressed mothers and subjected to heat stress had higher MSRA expression compared to chicks maintained in a thermoneutral environment. Our results show that, although maternal heat stress had no negative effects on performance or oxidative metabolism of offspring grown under thermoneutral conditions, it was associated with lower performance and higher protein oxidation in offspring exposed to heat stress during growth. These results could be due in part to alterations in the expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity

Effect of cinnamon supplementation on the gut environment and ESR gene expression in the ovaries of laying quail

This study addressed the hypothesis that the inclusion of powdered cinnamon in a laying quail diet could increase the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense systems in the intestine and improve the intestinal environment, thus promoting balance in the body. We used 144 laying quail (Coturnix japonica) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: no supplementation of cinnamon (NSC) and supplementation of 9g/kg of cinnamon powder (CPS). At the end of the experimental period ovarian and duodenal tissues were collected for analysis of gene expression. Fragments of the central portions of the duodenum and jejunum were also collected for intestinal histological analysis. We observed a significant effect of the inclusion of cinnamon powder in the diet quail on the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (P = 0.0004). The animals from the CPS treatment presented a higher height of villi and greater depth of crypts in the duodenum, and a higher height of villi and villus:cryptratio in the jejunum. The results show that cinnamon supplementation improves the integrity of intestinal tissue structures and development of the structures of the epithelium. Thus improves the productive performance of the birds

Dietary guanidinoacetic acid increases the longissimus dorsi muscle depth of finishing pigs without requiring a higher standardised ileal digestible methionine + cysteine concentration

The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) with standardised ileal digestible methionine + cysteine (SID Met + Cys) levels in finishing pig diets on the performance, carcase characteristics, pork quality, blood variables, gene expression of creatine transporter (SLC6A8) and oxidant and antioxidant action. The experimental design (n = 32) was in randomised blocks arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of two levels of guanidinoacetic acid (0.00% and 0.05%) and two levels of SID Met + Cys (0.44% and 0.50%). There was no interaction of SID Met + Cys and GAA levels on the performance variables, carcass characteristics, pork quality and creatine transporter gene expression (p ≥ .05), except for plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = .016), wherein at the highest SID Met + Cys level the GAA supplementation (0.05%) showed lower plasma LDH concentration in relation to non-supplementation. Longissimus dorsi muscle depth (MD) (p = .001) showed an isolated effect for the evaluated GAA levels, in which the supplementation increased the MD. Blood urea presented an isolated effect (p = .040) for SID Met + Cys levels, showing lower plasma concentration for the highest dietary level. It was concluded that GAA does not require a higher intake of SID Met + Cys in finishing pig diets and its supplementation improved the depth of Longissimus dorsi muscle, without changing the performance, meat quality and gene expression of the SLC6A8 transporter in the liver.Highlights Higher levels of SID Met + Cys reduced homocysteine concentration, and GAA supplementation reduced plasma lactate dehydrogenase concentration at higher dietary SID Met + Cys level. GAA supplementation improves the depth of Longissimus dorsi muscle and did not affect the post-mortem glycolysis. Higher concentration of SID Met + Cys in finishing pig diets do not affect the gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) in the liver

Effect of prenatal ambient temperature on the performance physiological parameters, and oxidative metabolism of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) layers exposed to heat stress during growth

A strategy to mitigate the negative effects of stress on animals is to enhance their ability to beneficially respond to stressful conditions. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal ambient temperature influences the response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to environmental challenges during growth. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two temperature conditions for the mothers (thermoneutral and heat stress by continuous exposure to 32 °C) and two offspring ambient temperature conditions (thermoneutral and heat stress by intermittent exposure to 34 °C for 6 h/day from 15 to 35 days of age). Heat stress in mothers led to lower laying rate, egg mass, expression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) gene, and antioxidant capacity as well as higher chick mortality rate (1–15 days of age). Maternal heat stress led to lower weight gain and total antioxidant capacity and higher feed conversion ratio. Maternal temperature × Offspring temperature interaction effects were observed on carbonylated protein content and HSP70, GSS, and MSRA gene expression. It was observed that, for chicks hatched from heat-stressed mothers, exposure to heat stress led to higher carbonylated protein content and HSP70 expression than exposure to thermoneutral conditions. Maternal heat stress was also responsible for increasing GSS expression in chicks grown under thermoneutral conditions. Chicks hatched from non-stressed mothers and subjected to heat stress had higher MSRA expression compared to chicks maintained in a thermoneutral environment. Our results show that, although maternal heat stress had no negative effects on performance or oxidative metabolism of offspring grown under thermoneutral conditions, it was associated with lower performance and higher protein oxidation in offspring exposed to heat stress during growth. These results could be due in part to alterations in the expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity.This article is published as Santana, T.P., Gasparino, E., de Souza Khatlab, A. et al. Effect of prenatal ambient temperature on the performance physiological parameters, and oxidative metabolism of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) layers exposed to heat stress during growth. Sci Rep 11, 9809 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89306-0.</p

Effects of maternal methionine supplementation on the response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to heat stress

This study investigated the hypothesis that methionine supplementation of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) hens can reduce the effects of oxidative stress and improve the performance of the offspring exposed to heat stress during growth. For that, the quail hens were fed with three diets related to the methionine supplementation: methionine-deficient diet (MD); diet supplemented with the recommended methionine level (MET1); and diet supplemented with methionine above the recommended level (MET2). Their chicks were identified, weighed, and housed according to the maternal diet group from 1 to 14 days of age. At 15 days of age, chicks were weighed and divided into two groups: thermoneutral ambient (constant temperature of 23 °C) and intermittent heat stress ambient (daily exposure to 34 °C for 6 h). Methionine-supplemented (MET1 and MET2) hens had higher egg production, better feed conversion ratio, higher hatchability of total and fertile eggs, and offspring with higher body weight. Supplemented (MET1 and MET2) hens showed greater expression of glutathione synthase (GSS) and methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) genes, greater total antioxidant capacity, and lower lipid peroxidation in the liver. The offspring of hens fed the MET2 diet had lower death rate (1-14 days), higher weight at 15 days of age, weight gain, and better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 14 days of age. Among chicks reared under heat stress, the progeny of methionine-supplemented hens had higher weight at 35 days, weight gain, expression of GSS, MSRA, and thermal shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes, and total antioxidant capacity in the liver, as well as lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. Positive correlations between expression of glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) and MSRA genes in hens and offspring were observed. Our results show that maternal methionine supplementation contributes to offspring development and performance in early stages and that, under conditions of heat stress during growth, chicks from methionine-supplemented hens respond better to hot environmental conditions than chicks from non-supplemented hens. Supplementation of quail hens diets with methionine promoted activation of different metabolic pathways in offspring subjected to stress conditions.This is a manuscript of an article published as Thaís Pacheco Santana, Eliane Gasparino, Angélica de Souza Khatlab, Angela Maria Favaro Elias Pereira, Leandro Teixeira Barbosa, Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes, Susan J Lamont, Ana Paula Del Vesco, Effects of maternal methionine supplementation on the response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to heat stress, Journal of Animal Science, 2023;, skad042, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad042. Posted with permission

Thermal stress induces changes in gene expression and blood parameters in high and low feed efficiency meat quail

In this study, we analysed markers of stress, plasma creatinine and T3 content, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone receptor (GHR), uncoupling protein (UCP), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX III) mRNA expression in the liver and muscle of high (0.22 g/g) and low (0.14 g/g) feed efficiency (FE) meat quail at three different air temperatures, comfortable, heat and cold stress, for 24 h. High FE quail presented higher plasma T3 and lower creatinine levels. IGF-I mRNA expression was higher in the livers of high FE quail than in the livers of low FE quail under both comfortable and cold stress conditions. In the muscle, regardless of the environment, high FE birds showed higher IGF-I mRNA expression. High FE birds also showed higher GHR mRNA expression under comfortable conditions. Regarding the environment, higher expression was observed in birds at comfortable conditions, and lower expression in birds under heat stress. UCP mRNA expression in the liver was lower in high FE birds and higher under heat stress compared with the other conditions. Low and high FE birds showed greater ANT mRNA expression in the muscle under cold stress. Greater mRNA COX III expressions were observed in the liver and muscle of quails under comfortable conditions. Our results suggest that temperature affects the expression of genes related to growth and mitochondrial energy production, and quail with different FEs respond differently to environmental stimuli. In comfortable conditions, high FE animals show higher IGF-I mRNA expression and plasma T3 and lower creatinine content