analisis back swing dan release ketepatan pointing half lob jongkok pada jarak 7 meter olahraga petanque

ABSTRAK Pointing dalam olahraga petanque dapat dikatakan sebagai teknik menghantarkan bola besi dengan tujuan agar dekat dengan target yaitu bola kayu. Pointing halflob merupakan teknik pointing yang sering dilakukan dalam olahraga petanque. Analisis gerakan teknik pointinghalf lob jongkok bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter teknik dasar pointing halflob jongkok. Analisis biomekanik bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara terukur dan sistematis agar mendapatkan pemahaman efektivitas gerak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh deskripsi rangkaian gerakan teknik pointing halflob jongkok dengan analisis biomekanik. Untuk mendapatkan efektivitas dan ketepatan dalam melakukan pointing halflob jongkok perlu diketahui besar sudut back swing, release, kecepatan swing, sudut release dan tinggi bola maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan hasil rekaman video yang telah dianalisis menggunakan software kinovea dimana gerakan yang direkam adalah pointing halflob jongkok pada jarak 7 meter olahraga petanque. kinovea merupakan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis gerakan- gerakan dalam melakukan teknik pointing dengan mengubah video asli kedalam bentuk slow motion, sehingga kecepatan dari video lebih lambat. Data pada penelitian ini didapatkan dari rekaman video oleh 4 atlet (N..4) Unesa Petanque Club. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa efektivitas gerakan pointing halflob jongkok pada jarak 7 meter pada olahraga petanque adalah dengan sudut lengan ketika back swing 48⁰ - 69⁰, sudut lengan ketika release 66⁰- 95⁰, rata – rata kecepatan swing 0.33 m/s – 0.87 m/s dan tinggi bola maksimal 1.24 m – 1.85 m dan empat komponen itu saling berpengaruh satu dengan yang lain. Kata Kunci : Backswing, release, pointing halflob jongkok, Petanque. Abstract Pointing in petanque sports can be said to be the technique of delivering iron balls with the aim of being close to the target of a wooden ball. Halflob pointing is a pointing technique that is often done in petanque sports. The movement analysis of the squat lob pointing technique aims to describe the basic technique character of squat halflob pointing. Biomechanical analysis aims to describe in a measurable and systematic way to get an understanding of the effectiveness of motion. This study aims to obtain a series description of halflob squatting pointing techniques with biomechanical analysis. To get the effectiveness and accuracy in pointing halflob squat, you need to know the size of the back swing angle, release, swing speed, release angle and maximum ball height.this study uses quantitative research methods with a descriptive approach. This study describes the video recordings that have been analyzed using kinovea software where the recorded motion is pointing halflob squatting at a distance of 7 meters of petanque sports. kinovea is an application that can be used to analyze movements in doing pointing techniques by converting the original video into slow motion, so that the speed of the video is slower. Data in this study were obtained from video recordings by 4 athletes (N.4) Unesa Petanque Club.the conclusion obtained from this study is that the movement effectiveness of squatting halflob pointing at a distance of 7 meters in petanque sports is by arm angle when back swing is 48⁰ - 69⁰, arm angle when release 66⁰-95⁰, average swing speed is 0.33 m / s - 0.87 m / s and maximum ball height 1.24 m - 1.85 m and the four components influence each other Keywords : Back swing, Release, Squat halflob pointing, Petanque

Factors Determining the Success of Cooperatives as a Business Model in Driving the Sustainability of Community-Based Ecotourism in The Iskandar Region of Malaysia

Currently in Malaysia, cooperatives are seen as a suitable business model in the implementation of rural transformation. However, even after several years of Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) cooperatives in Iskandar Malaysia have been established, they are still faced with various challenges to remain sustainable. This study was conducted to explore and understand the problems and challenges faced by Community-based Ecotourism cooperatives (CBET) as well as the factors that affect the effectiveness of the cooperative’s business model towards the sustainability of CBET in Iskandar Malaysia Region (WIM). A qualitative research design with case study and interview methods was used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 research participants who were involved in CBET activities and the selected cooperatives, namely Koperasi Penduduk Kg. Sg. Melayu Berhad, Koperasi Aami Johor Berhad, and Koperasi Sri Sekawan Kulai Berhad which are located in WIM. The findings of the study show that cooperatives play an important role in making CBET successful in Iskandar Malaysia, especially from the aspect of socio-economic improvement and environmental conservation as well as biological diversity protection. Cooperatives are established and administered by the local community by working with various parties such as government agencies, NGOs, and educational institutions to ensure the sustainability of CBET. It has goals and roles to ensure environmental conservation, socio-economic development, and empowerment of CBET. However, among the challenges identified to ensure the sustainability of CBET at WIM are sustainable financial management, balancing conservation, and tourism development, ensuring active involvement from the community, as well as ensuring an effective marketing and promotion strategy. CBET’s sustainability success factors identified are effective leadership, good collaboration and partnership strategies, diverse capacity building and training programs, ensuring a balance of conservation and tourism development, as well as good marketing and promotion strategies

Tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is an autosomal dominant phakomatosis. This neurocutaneous disorder usually presents with seizures, facial angiofibroma and mental retardation (Vogt’s triad). Here we report a case where a 25 year old gentleman presented with recurrent seizures, and was diagnosed to have tuberous sclerosis complex

Preliminary study of variable rate application – organic liquid fertilizer by using SPAD chlorophyll meter on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation

Knowing actual nutrient requirements for rice plants is crucial in supplying the correct amount of fertilizer, especially nitrogen since nitrogen is one of the most key limiting nutrients in rice cultivation. A preliminary study of variable rate application (VRA) on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) planting by using organic foliar fertilizer was carried out to determine the effectiveness of precision fertilization. Foliar fertilizer was formulated based on actual nitrogen needed by rice plants using Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter measurements. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (50% fixed rate, 100% fixed rate, 150% fixed rate and VRA) and four replications for each treatment. Plant growth performances (plant heights, number of tillers, number of panicle and flower) and yield performances (grain yield, number of grain, 1000-grain weight and number of spikelets) were recorded during the study. The results showed that foliar application of VRA resulted in significantly higher yield performances; grain yield (13.65 g), number of grain (807.50), 1000-grain weight (16.79 g), and number of spikelets (7.50) compared to uniform fertilizer applications. VRA treatments had the highest SPAD readings at every planting stage during the experiment; however, a high nitrogen supply was needed during the mid-tillering stages (35 DAT) compared to other fertilizer rates. Besides, VRA application shows the most savings in term of total nitrogen supply (415 µg) compared to uniform rates application; 50% fixed rate (400 µg), 100% fixed rate (810 µg), and 150% fixed rate (1210 µg)

Droplet deposition density of organic liquid fertilizer at low altitude UAV aerial spraying in rice cultivation

Megaclast-dominated fluvial systems have been largely ignored by researchers. Yet megaclasts exert an important control on channel geomorphology, flow behaviour and sediment transport, and such systems are probably far more common than this neglect would suggest. Despite the explicit identification of megaclasts as the products of cataclysmic flow, observation of modern fluvial systems confirms that megaclasts can be entrained by flows that lie within the normal flow regime. The pattern of fining along the megaclast-dominated Sabeto River of western Viti Levu, Fiji reveals a strong negative exponential relationship between particle size and distance downstream, and a rate of downstream fining comparable with that of other gravel-bed rivers. The downstream fining pattern is straightforward and step-like discontinuities in the fining gradient are absent. This is suggestive of a sedimentary system only minimally disrupted by the supply of sediment from tributaries or the reworking of material from sources such as hillslopes and alluvial terraces. There is evidence, however, of anomalously coarse sub-populations at two sites. These coarser components must pre-date the other deposits at the sites. We speculate that they represent the products of earlier and higher-magnitude events. The bed sediments may thus be composite features, made up of individual components each transported by a specific event of particular magnitude. Our work confirms the relationship between the rate of downstream fining and particle size. This may arise because the distance over which individual particles are transported is likely to be size dependent. It is also possible that abrasion may be more effective in the case of larger particles than smaller ones, with the result that the coarser fraction of the river's bed sediment fines downstream more rapidly than the finer fraction. There is a long-standing debate about the relative roles of abrasion and sorting in downstream fining. Our data reveal little evidence for a downstream increase in the roundness of the river's gravels, implying that abrasion is likely to play a minor role in the fining process in this system

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Variable rate inorganic foliar fertilization effect on paddy leaves chlorosis, plant growth and yield performance

Foliar feeding has been growing in popularity and has been used to supplement the soil-based fertilizer applications to enhance the growth and yield of crops. However, spraying a high concentration of foliar fertilizer can cause a leaf burn effect while a low concentration of fertilizer application can show symptoms of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf. This study was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilization on paddy leaf chlorosis and its impact on plant growth and yield performances between variable rate application (VRA) and uniform rates of supplying the fertilizer. The experiment was performed for two planting seasons and had four nitrogen (N) treatments (50% fixed rate, 100% fixed rate, 150% fixed-rate, and VRA) that arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Paddy leaf chlorosis counts, plant growth (plant heights, number of tillers, number of panicle and flower), and yield performances (grain yield, number of grains, 1000-grain weight, and number of spikelets) were collected and recorded. The results showed no sign of leaf burns, however, showed chlorosis condition on the paddy leaves for all the treatments. VRA had the lowest chlorosis counts and had the highest SPAD readings at every planting stage for both planting seasons. While for plant growth performance, VRA showed moderate plant heights however had a higher number of tillers, panicle, and flowers compared to uniform rate treatments. So, VRA significantly produced more yield compared to uniform rates in both planting seasons. Therefore, foliar fertilization of VRA performed better compared to the uniform rate treatments

Predictive zoning of pest and disease infestations in rice field based on uav aerial imagery

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), bacterial panicle blight (BPB), and stem borer (SB) are serious infestations to the rice crop. Detection is the first essential step for effective management. The objective of the study is to provide a fast and accurate tool in detecting the infestation damages through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aerial imagery. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) was implemented and a UAV equipped with a digital multispectral camera was used to capture image of 20 rice plots that were treated with two types of fertilizers (organic and inorganic) in two different treatment rates namely; uniform rate and variable rate. Ground truths of infestation were observed and collected. Geospatial interpolation (kriging), linear regression analysis, and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value models were carried out to predict the zones and level of infestation damages in the rice field. Maps showing areas with high, medium, and low counts of infestation damages were prepared using spatial analysis. The results of the relationship indicate that there were a strong correlation and high R2 between SPAD values obtained through the UAV method and infestation counts during the growth stages of 60 Days After Transplanting (DAT), 80 DAT, and 100 DAT. The findings show that the high severity of infestation happened in the plot that used a high amount of fertilizer compared to the plot that supplied with variable rate fertilizer. Infestation maps produced from the UAV aerial image would be an effective tool in detecting the pest and disease in the rice field