CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW GEORGIAN MULBERRY SILKWORM BREEDS RELATIVELY RESISTANT TO THE DISEASE «NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS»

The paper considers biotechnological characteristics of new breeds of mulberry silkworm „V-1“ and „V-2“, which are relatively resistant to the worm disease „nuclear polyhedrosis“. The hybreeds were obtained from mulberry silkworm breeds „Dighmuri“ and „Iveria“. Breed “Iveria” is characterized by short period of feeding; it was created for the west Georgia zone, while the cocoon thread length of the breed “Dighmuri” is 1800-2000 meter, silk capacity of live cocoon is 25-26%, but these breeds are characterized by relatively low viability [1,2,3]. Our research aimed to improve namely this flaw. As a result of complex selection works carried out for the improvement of the above stated viability and other major indices we received new highly productive breeds, which by their indices equal or exceed initial breeds.The paper considers biotechnological characteristics of new breeds of mulberry silkworm „V-1“ and „V-2“, which are relatively resistant to the worm disease „nuclear polyhedrosis“. The hybreeds were obtained from mulberry silkworm breeds „Dighmuri“ and „Iveria“. Breed “Iveria” is characterized by short period of feeding; it was created for the west Georgia zone, while the cocoon thread length of the breed “Dighmuri” is 1800-2000 meter, silk capacity of live cocoon is 25-26%, but these breeds are characterized by relatively low viability [1,2,3]. Our research aimed to improve namely this flaw. As a result of complex selection works carried out for the improvement of the above stated viability and other major indices we received new highly productive breeds, which by their indices equal or exceed initial breeds

Noether's Symmetry Theorem for Variational and Optimal Control Problems with Time Delay

We extend the DuBois-Reymond necessary optimality condition and Noether's symmetry theorem to the time delay variational setting. Both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian versions of Noether's theorem are proved, covering problems of the calculus of variations and optimal control with delays.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will appear in the international journal Numerical Algebra, Control and Optimization (NACO). Paper accepted for publication 15-March-201

Ethyl 1,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(quinolin-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C18H19N3O3, the tetra­hydro­pyrimidone ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, which are further linked via inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions. In addition, an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs

Visualization of mouse barrel cortex using ex-vivo track density imaging

We describe the visualization of the barrel cortex of the primary somatosensory area (S1) of ex vivo adult mouse brain with short-tracks track density imaging (stTDI). stTDI produced much higher definition of barrel structures than conventional fractional anisotropy (FA), directionally-encoded color FA maps, spin-echo and T2-weighted imaging and gradient echo Ti/T2*-weighted imaging. 3D high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data were acquired at 48 micron isotropic resolution for a (3 mm)3 block of cortex containing the barrel field and reconstructed using stTDI at 10 micron isotropic resolution. HARDI data were also acquired at 100 micron isotropic resolution to image the whole brain and reconstructed using stTDI at 20 micron isotropic resolution. The 10 micron resolution stTDI maps showed exceptionally clear delineation of barrel structures. Individual barrels could also be distinguished in the 20 micron stTDI maps but the septa separating the individual barrels appeared thicker compared to the 10 micron maps, indicating that the ability of stTDI to produce high quality structural delineation is dependent upon acquisition resolution. Close homology was observed between the barrel structure delineated using stTDI and reconstructed histological data from the same samples. stTDI also detects barrel deletions in the posterior medial barrel sub-field in mice with infraorbital nerve cuts. The results demonstrate that stTDI is a novel imaging technique that enables three-dimensional characterization of complex structures such as the barrels in S1 and provides an important complementary non-invasive imaging tool for studying synaptic connectivity, development and plasticity of the sensory system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Staged decline of neuronal function in vivo in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease

The accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain is an essential feature of Alzheimer's disease. However, the impact of amyloid-β-accumulation on neuronal dysfunction on the single cell level in vivo is poorly understood. Here we investigate the progression of amyloid-β load in relation to neuronal dysfunction in the visual system of the APP23×PS45 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in the visual cortex, we demonstrate that a progressive deterioration of neuronal tuning for the orientation of visual stimuli occurs in parallel with the age-dependent increase of the amyloid-β load. Importantly, we find this deterioration only in neurons that are hyperactive during spontaneous activity. This impairment of visual cortical circuit function also correlates with pronounced deficits in visual-pattern discrimination. Together, our results identify distinct stages of decline in sensory cortical performance in vivo as a function of the increased amyloid-β-load