Integration of Resources and Capabilities to Implement CRM: Case of Cooperative Development Bank

In the past few years, due to various economic, social, and state banking system problems and above all, increasing the demand on supply, country's banks have always ignored customer orientation and its pillars, and have not been able to utilize modern marketing. This complete and comprehensive study, which has been developed chronologically, refers to this fact that although basic resources and capabilities such as information resources, analytical ability and operational capacity may affect on maintenance and protection process of under control properties, they are not sufficient to achieve desired performance in terms of acquisition and development of customers' relationships. In this study, Cooperative Development Bank (CDB) confirms that customer's satisfaction must be considered as a vital prerequisite for both acquisition and development processes of successful relationships for each company (both of them entail employees with relatively more familiarity with customers). Therefore, this paper emphasize on significance of trilateral resources and capabilities including technology, process and individual to implement an organizational CRM strategy successfully

Optimization of DNA extraction and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a plant rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites, which makes it difficult to obtain high quality DNA. The present study reports a quick, simple and inexpensive method to isolate genomic DNA suitable for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and other PCR-based applications. This method is a modification of a protocol described by Doyle and Doyle (1990). It is a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-based protocol modified by the use of potassium acetate (KoAc) and  polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to remove polyphenols and polysaccharides and a high concentration of β-mercaptoethanol to reduce oxidation. Moreover, the final optimized protocol was then compared with three different methods, which are routinely used for many plant species. The results show that our modified CTAB protocol produced a high yield (>500 ng/μl) of good-quality DNA (A<sub>260</sub>/A<sub>280</sub> >1.8) compared to the other three methods. The DNA purity was further confirmed by complete digestion with EcoRI and MseI enzymes. The modified CTAB protocol used in this study could be a useful protocol for extraction of high quality DNA not only for pomegranate but also for other plants rich in polysaccharides, polyphenolices and secondary metabolites. Using this method, DNA was extracted from 67 accessions of pomegranate. The DNA was then used for AFLP analysis. To optimize the AFLP protocol, the effects of MgCl2 concentration during selective amplification, the dilution level of pre-amplified DNA and the cycle number used in the preamplification were studied. After optimization of the reaction conditions, AFLP was used to study genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate accessions.Keywords: Pomegranate, DNA extraction, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), secondary metabolites.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(34), pp. 5252-525

Provably total recursive functions and MRDP theorem in Basic Arithmetic and its extensions

We study Basic Arithmetic, BA introduced by W. Ruitenburg. BA is an arithmetical theory based on basic logic which is weaker than intuitionistic logic. We show that the class of the provably recursive functions of BA is a proper sub-class of primitive recursive functions. Three extensions of BA, called BA+U, BA_c and EBA are investigated with relation to their provably recursive functions. It is shown that the provably recursive functions of these three extensions of BA are exactly primitive recursive functions. Moreover, among other things, it is shown that the well-known MRDP theorem doesn't hold in BA, BA+U, BA_c, but holds in EBA

From proof complexity to circuit complexity via interactive protocols

Folklore in complexity theory suspects that circuit lower bounds against NC1 or P/poly, currently out of reach, are a necessary step towards proving strong proof complexity lower bounds for systems like Frege or Extended Frege. Establishing such a connection formally, however, is already daunting, as it would imply the breakthrough separation NEXP ⊈ P/poly, as recently observed by Pich and Santhanam [Pich and Santhanam, 2023]. We show such a connection conditionally for the Implicit Extended Frege proof system (iEF) introduced by Krajíček [Krajíček, 2004], capable of formalizing most of contemporary complexity theory. In particular, we show that if iEF proves efficiently the standard derandomization assumption that a concrete Boolean function is hard on average for subexponential-size circuits, then any superpolynomial lower bound on the length of iEF proofs implies #P ⊈ FP/poly (which would in turn imply, for example, PSPACE ⊈ P/poly). Our proof exploits the formalization inside iEF of the soundness of the sum-check protocol of Lund, Fortnow, Karloff, and Nisan [Lund et al., 1992]. This has consequences for the self-provability of circuit upper bounds in iEF. Interestingly, further improving our result seems to require progress in constructing interactive proof systems with more efficient provers

Study of Oxydimeton methyl residues in cucumber & tomato grown in some of greenhouses of Chaharmahal va Bachtiari province by HPLC method

زمینه و هدف: استفاده بیش از حد از آفت کش ها در تولید محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان یک عامل خطر برای سلامتی انسان و آلودگی محیط زیست مطرح می باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان باقیمانده سم اکسی دیمتون متیل در خیار و گوجه فرنگی گلخانه ای در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی آزمایشـــگاهی 60 نمونه گوجه فرنگی و خیار از سطح گلخانه های استان به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. میزان سم نمونه ها قبل از شستن، بعد از شستن و پس از پوست کندن با اتیل استات - ان- هگزان استخراج گردید و پس از خارج کردن حلال میزان سم استخراج شده با کروماتوگرافی مایع با عملکرد بالا (HPLC) اندازه گیری شد. برای تحلیل اطلاعات از آزمون های ناپارامتری رتبه علامت دار ویلکاکسون و فراید من استفاده شد. یافته ها: میانگین باقیمانده سم در خیار نشسته 17/0±23/0، خیار شسته 6/0±15/0 و خیار پوست کنده 5/0±08/0 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بود (001/0

Knowledge and practice of food handlers on food safety and health: A cross sectional study in one of Tehran’s districts

Background: The people involved in food preparation play a major role in contaminating it due to improper food handling. The goal of this study was to examine the knowledge and practice of food handlers in district two of Tehran.   Methods: A cross sectional descriptive- analytical study was designed and data were collected via questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires were measured using Cronbach's alpha and Intra-class correlation obtained from test and re-test in an interval of 10 days. The reliability indices of the questionnaires were found to be above 70%, which were acceptable. The participants were selected by a simple random method (n=390). Correlation coefficient was used for analysis.   Results: The highest number of male participants, with diploma education belonged to the age group of 20 to 29 years old with a job experience of two to five years and more than 50% of them had passed the public health course. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice (P<0.001). In knowledge section 215 (55.3%) of respondents were at middle level. About the practice, although 195 (50%) of participants were placed at a good level, in some cases, such as how to find out the optimal temperature for cooking burgers and chicken, the right way to defrost food and the time needed to reheat the food were found lacking.    Conclusion: Knowledge and practice in food handlers must be improved specially about the importance and role of temperature in food safety

Assessment of Female Student’s Satisfaction with the Quality of Food And Environmental Health at Food Services in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2013

ensure students are satisfied with the quantity and quality of food as well as hygienic condition in the university’s food services. For this reason, the present study was conducted to investigate female student’s satisfaction with the quality of food and environmental health at food services in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A number of one hundred of female students, studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, were randomly selected. All the selected students were proved to be customers of food services located in one the Medicine, Public Health, Pharmacy, paramedical Sciences, Dentistry, Rehabilitation and Nursing schools. A questioner was prepared as a tool for data collection and its validity and reliability was determined. Afterwards, data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 23). Results showed that 22% of female students expressed their satisfaction with the quantity of food as “excellent” and 47% as “moderate”. 28% of students rated the food diversity as “moderate” ok”. Seven percent of students reported at least on a case of food poisoning caused by the consumption of food at the university. On average, the overwhelming majority of students expressed their satisfaction as “good” or “medium” with environmental health in at food services in the university, respectively. All the students were aware of the importance of the presence of insects and animals outside the food services and 95%of students reported the presence of insects like beetle, housefly and mosquito and animals like cats, outside the food services. It was concluded that the majority of female students were satisfied with the quantity of food and ranked the quality of food as “medium”. However, they reported some problems regarding hygienic condition inside and outside the dining services and personal health of staff and stated that more attention should be paid by responsible authorities of the university. The student views can be used by these authorities to improve the quality and quantity of food and hygienic condition at food services in Universities

The perception and attitude of using herbal antianxiety and antidepressant drugs in medical students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences during 2021

Background: According to the more side effects of chemical drugs, it’s worthy to let’s spend our energy knowing more about medicinal herbs until perception and attitude checking towards the use of herbal antianxiety and antidepressant drugs in medical students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. People in the study were 40 medical students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. The study population was randomly selected from boy and girl medical students. Questionnaires were adjusted based on the partial goals and research questions of design. The questions were designed in three categories of operation, belief, and knowledge about the use of antianxiety and antidepressant herbs.Results: The results of this study showed that 70% of medical students do not recommend herbs for the treatment of anxiety and depression. And 60% of them prefer to use antianxiety and antidepressant herbs to treat their anxiety and depression. Also, 70% of medical students believe that herbs for anxiety and depression should be prescribed under medical care and 80% of them believe that herbal medicines are effective for anxiety and depression. 65% of medical students have aware that herbs for anxiety and depression are harmless, and 85% of them are aware that medical herbs are effective in treating anxiety and depression. Hypericum perforatum L., Crocus sativus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Valeriana officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Thymbera spicata L., Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Elissa officinalis L., Viola odorata L., Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and Aloysia aloysioides Loes. & Moldenke are used in both cases of depression and agitation too. Rosemary, Sanibal al-Tayyib, and savory plants are used in anxiety, and lemon, fennel, thyme, and violet performance are used in depression.Conclusion: In general performance, belief, and attitude of medical students besides the use of anti-anxiety and antidepressant herbs were relatively good, but it’s suggested that the relevant authorities pay more attention to this article including the group media and universities