Origin of White and Brown Adipose Cells From Vascular Endothelium: A Dissertation

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The current obesity epidemic is the result of surplus energy consumption. Excess energy is stored in expanding adipose tissue. Adipose tissue growth entails the enlargement of existing adipocytes, the formation of new fat cells from preexisting progenitors, and the coordinated development of supporting vasculature. Identifying adipocyte progenitors and the mechanism of adipose tissue expansion is crucial for the development of new strategies to combat obesity and its complications. Though important progress has been made towards understanding the developmental origin of adipocytes, the identities of adipocyte progenitors are still not completely known. The main objective of this study is to determine whether endothelial cells of the adipose tissue can give rise to new adipocytes. Our results indicate that murine endothelial cells of adipose tissue are pluripotent and can potentially give rise to preadipocytes. Lineage tracing experiments using the VE-Cadherin-Cre transgenic mouse reveal localization of reporter genes in endothelial cells, preadipocytes and white and brown adipocytes. Moreover, capillary sprouts from human adipose tissue, which have predominantly endothelial cell characteristics, are found to express Zfp423, a preadipocyte determination factor. In response to PPARγ activation, endothelial characteristics of sprouting cells are progressively lost, and cells form structurally and biochemically defined adipocytes. Taken together, our data support an endothelial origin of a population of adipocytes. The ability of the vascular endothelium to give rise to adipocytes may explain how angiogenesis and adipogenesis can be temporally and spatially coordinated. Analysis of BAT and WAT revealed that adipose depots have distinct compositions of adipocyte progenitors. Of the CD45-CD29+Sca1+CD24+ progenitor population, only 17% and 52% express VE-Cadherin in WAT and BAT, respectively. Our data show that the number of these specific progenitors in BAT and WAT are highly variable and suggest that a considerable number of adipocytes progenitors may have a non-endothelial cell origin. Differences in composition and types of adipocyte progenitors may explain the differences in the adipocytes phenotypes that we observe in discrete depots. In brief, we find that the vascular endothelium gives rise to a population of brown and white fat cells, and that the number of endothelial-derived adipocyte progenitors residing in BAT and WAT is highly variable. These results expand our current understanding of adipose tissue growth, and, we hope, will accelerate the development of treatments for obesity-related complications

On Some Doubly Logarithmic Integrals

There have been many works on proving the integrals in the table of integrals compiled by Gradshteyn and Ryzhik, and in this paper we prove some doubly logarithmic integral identities in the Gradshteyn and Ryzhik table

Research on calculation of grinding surface roughness

In machining processes, grinding is often chosen as the final machining method. Grinding is often chosen as the final machining method. This process has many advantages such as high precision and low surface roughness. It depends on many parameters including grinding parameters, dressing parameters and lubrication conditions. In grinding, the surface roughness of a workpiece has a significant influence on quality of the part. This paper presents a study of the grinding surface roughness predictions of workpieces. Based on the previous studies, the study built a relationship between the abrasive grain tip radius and the Standard marking systems of the grinding wheel for conventional and superabrasive grinding wheels (diamond and CBN abrasive). Based on this, the grinding surface roughness was predicted. The proposed model was verified by comparing the predicted and experimental results. Appling the research results, the surface roughness when grinding three types of steel D3, A295M and SAE 420 with Al2O3 and CBN grinding wheels were predicted. The predicted surface roughness values were close to the experimental values, the average deviation between predictive results and experimental results is 15.11 % for the use of Al2O3 grinding wheels and 24.29 % for the case of using CBN grinding wheels. The results of the comparison between the predicted model and the experiment show that the method of surface roughness presented in this study can be used to predict surface roughness in each specific case. The proposed model was verified by comparing the predicted and measured results of surface hardness. This model can be used to predict the surface hardness when surface grindin

Some Results on Zumkeller Numbers

A positive integer $n$ is said to be a Zumkeller number or an integer-perfect number if the set of its positive divisors can be partitioned into two subsets of equal sums. In this paper, we prove several results regarding Zumkeller numbers. For any positive integer $m$, we prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ for which $n+1,\cdots, n+m$ are all Zumkeller numbers. Additionally, we show that every positive integer greater than $94185$ can be expressed as a sum of two Zumkeller numbers and that all sufficiently large integers can be written as a sum of a Zumkeller number and a practical number. We also show that there are infinitely many positive integers that cannot be expressed as a sum of a Zumkeller number and a square or a prime

CONNECTING MATHEMATICS AND PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY OF TEACHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

There is a need for teaching exponential functions to show the necessity for a better match between the knowledge of exponential functions in high schools with the practical application of it in fields. In this research, a teaching process was built in association with teaching situations to show students the relationship between mathematics and real life. The research sample included 76 students in high schools in Vietnam. Additionally, two problems of compound interest and population growth were integrated and were the main research instruments. Data were collected, including student work, and they were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that students had improved their problem-solving skills and saw the relationship between mathematics and practice. Furthermore, there were some recommendations suggested for textbook authors and teachers. Article visualizations

REQUIREMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING A CONTINGENT OF ETHNIC MINORITY CADRES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF NGHE AN PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Nghe An is a province in Vietnam, with 10 mountainous districts and 1 mountainous town, accounting for 83.31% of the province's natural area. The mountainous area of Nghe An is a place with complicated and dangerous terrain and poor infrastructure; the lowest human development index (HDI) in the province; economic situation is extremely difficult, but it is a place with an important strategic position in terms of socio-economic development and protection of national border security. Therefore, building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres has a very important position and role in the development of the mountainous area of Nghe An. However, the work of building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres in mountainous districts of Nghe An currently has many shortcomings and limitations that need to be overcome, and possible solutions are needed so that the construction building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres in mountainous areas to achieve good results in the coming time.  Article visualizations

VBD-MT Chinese-Vietnamese Translation Systems for VLSP 2022

We present our systems participated in the VLSP 2022 machine translation shared task. In the shared task this year, we participated in both translation tasks, i.e., Chinese-Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Chinese translations. We build our systems based on the neural-based Transformer model with the powerful multilingual denoising pre-trained model mBART. The systems are enhanced by a sampling method for backtranslation, which leverage large scale available monolingual data. Additionally, several other methods are applied to improve the translation quality including ensembling and postprocessing. We achieve 38.9 BLEU on ChineseVietnamese and 38.0 BLEU on VietnameseChinese on the public test sets, which outperform several strong baselines