Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Up against the state : the women's movement in Pakistan - implications for the global women's movement

Meeting: Annual Dame Nita Barrow Lecture, 3rd, Nov. 1999, Toronto, ON, CADue to copyright restrictions, this item cannot be share

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya

Jakartax, 66 p.; 18 c

Persoalan Pokok Mengenai Feminisme dan Kelevansinya

x,66 hlm.;18 c

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya/ Bhasin

x, 66 hal.; 18 cm

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya/ Bhasin

x, 66 hal.; 18 cm

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya/ Bhasin

x, 66 hal.; 18 cm

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya/ Bhasin

x, 66 hal.; 18 cm

Persoalan pokok mengenai feminisme dan relevansinya

Judul asli: Some questions on feminism and its relevance in South Asiax, 66 hlm. : 18 cm