Kajian Karakteristik Dasar Aspal Modifikasi dengan Penambahan Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pete/Pet)

Perkerasan jalan di Indonesia pada saat ini sebagian besar menggunakan aspal minyak (aspal konvensional) dengan penetrasi 60/70. Akan tetapi penggunaan aspal konvensional masih memiliki kelemahan, salah satunya adalah perkerasan jalan tidak mampu menahan beban lalu lintas yang berlebihan dan temperatur tinggi sehingga menimbulkan deformasi. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan mutu campuran beraspal adalah dengan menambahkan plastik yang dalam istilah kimianya disebut polimer. Pemberian bahan tambahan polimer diharapkan memberikan penambahan pada sifat-sifat fisik aspal seperti kepekaan terhadap temperatur dengan meningkatkan nilai titik lembek, dan kinerja terhadap stabilitas yang lebih besar dari aspal konvensional atau aspal penetrasi 60/70. Salah satu material yang bisa dimanfaatkan dalam kaitan ini adalah limbah plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/PET). Limbah plastik PETE/PET dipilih sebagai polimer karena sifat plastik PETE/PET yang tahan terhadap panas dan juga mampu untuk menaikkan titik lembek aspal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dasar aspal modifikasi plastik PETE/PET (Penetrasi, titik lembek, titik nyala dan titik bakar, berat jenis, daktilitas, dan viskositas) serta mengetahui persentase kadar plastik PETE/PET untuk menghasilkan aspal modifikasi yang memenuhi standar Bina Marga. Dalam pelaksanaannya, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen laboratorium. Variasi penambahan plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/PET) yang digunakan adalah 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Pengujian aspal modifikasi dengan penambahan plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/PET) menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan terhadap penetrasi, titik lembek, dan nilai daktilitas. Secara keseluruhan, kualitas aspal yang dimodifikasi dengan plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE/PET) menghasilkan sifat yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan aspal murni

Modification of Drafting Zone of Jute Flyer Spinning Frame to Improve the Jute Yarn Quality

Being concerned with the growth and sustainability of the jute industry of Bangladesh, the machinery modifications deserves higher priority. In this work, it is desired to perform a modification of the apron draft spinning frame to improve the jute yarn quality. However, the existing drawing pressing roller (Diameter=70 mm & Durometer hardness = 96 in Shore A Scale) of the drafting zone of the apron draft jute spinning frame has been replaced by a comparatively softer rubber coated top roller (diameter= 40 mm & Durometer hardness = 85 in Shore A Scale). Besides, an extra slotted roller (Diamter= 26 mm & Durometer hardness = 74 in Shore A Scale) has also been nipped with bottom drawing roller and positioned parallel to the modified top roller. Three types of modifications have been designed by varying slot angles (i.e., 45°, 60°, and 75°) of slotted roller attached with the modified top roller. Finally, jute yarn counts of 6.5, 8, and 10 lbs/spyndle have been produced for both existing and modified frames. Results reveal that the modified spinning frame with all three types of slotted roller produced better results regarding the yarn hairiness compared to the existing frame irrespective of yarn fineness. Yarn hairiness values in modified frame with 60° slotted roller have been decreased maximum by 28.1%, 35.85%, and 32.92% compared to that of the existing system for 6.5, 8, and 10 lbs/spyndle respectively. Yarn strength results have been improved with the modified system as well. Lastly, it is seen that ends down rate in modified spinning frames have been reduced noticeably irrespective of yarn fineness

Financial transactions in Islamic banking are viable alternatives to the conventional banking transactions

Islam has prohibited riba (interest) on loan given. When a lender lends money to another person, he is allowed to get back the capital amount only and not any additional amount which is usually fixed interest on the capital. Taking interest on loan given caused cruelty and injustice to poor people in the society during prophet Muhammad’s time who were unable to pay back the capital and the interest. So, Prophet Muhammad encouraged the rich people to give qard al-hasan (interest free loan) to the poor and needy people to help them to solve their problems. That’s why Allah (the Creator) prohibited taking interest but encouraged people who have money to invest the money in business. The profit obtained from business is permitted (halal) but fixed rate interest taken on loan given to a person is riba (interest) and it is prohibited. As Allah (the Creator) has prohibited interest, Muslims are prohibited to give interest, to take interest and to write down the interest transaction. Hence, Muslim scholars have invented some Islamic transactions which do not involve interest and Islamic banks are adopting these Islamic transactions. The objective of this paper is to narrate and analyze the Islamic banking transactions which are interest free and they are considered as alternatives to the conventional banking transactions

Islamic law of contract is getting momentum

This article is basically a book review on the book written by Razali, Siti Salwani. The title of the book is the ‘Islamic Law of Contract’ which has been published by Cengage Learning from the United States in 2010. The ISBN of the book is 13: 978-981-4253-97-0 and there are a total of 124 pages. The authors of this review article (Dr. Jalil and Mr. Khalil) have reviewed the book to find its merits and demerits and finally have given some suggestions for its further improvement. The authors have also written some points on the Islamic law of contract which they think necessary for the readers (who are not exposed to the Islamic law of contract) to understand better on the Islamic law of contract as well as for a better insight on the relevant legal points involved therein

Sustainability Issues of Various Denim Washing Methods

Denim washing is increasingly joining the list of indispensable processes of meeting the demands of the world’s shifting fashion industry. Other than this, there is a rising trend in the sustainability perception among both producers and customers in the modern world. However, denim washing is considered to have direct impacts on the environment because of its chemical discharge and many other pollutants emitted during the process which affect water supplies. In the process, the denim industry encounters challenges at every level. Therefore, there is need for studying sustainable problems associated with denim washing. The unseen soul of the denim industry is technology, as nothing can be transformed without technological advancement. Sustainability problems of conventional washing have been addressed in this paper (i.e. pp spray washing, bleaching washing, stone washing, sand blasting etc.). Furthermore, the paper describes how sustainability can be achieved through the most recent washing techniques, such as laser, waterjet, nanobubble, ozone, NoStone, potassium permanganate alternatives etc. The introduction of new technologies has triggered a dramatic shift in the denim washing industry in terms of water usage, electricity and chemicals as well as improved quality. Consequently, it is undoubtful that the recent technologies in denim washing are crucial in making the industry sustainable. Moreover, the paper describes the idea of digitally printed denim and the available software for measuring sustainability in the process of denim washing

PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP HAK ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DI SATUAN RESERSE NARKOBA KEPOLISIAN RESOR KOTA PADANG

ABSTRAK Anak sebagai subjek hukum juga memiliki hak-hak tertentu. Di dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak, anak memiliki hak-hak tertentu pada proses peradilan pidana. Salah satu hak anak dalam proses peradilan pidana adalah hak untuk tidak ditahan kecuali sebagai upaya terkhir sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 3 huruf G Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Dikaitkan dengan kasus penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh anak, hak anak untuk tidak ditahan kecuali sebagai upaya terakhir seringkali terabaikan. Upaya diversi yang seharusnya dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum dilakukannya penahanan terhadap anak justru seringkali tidak dilakukan dan diabaikan. Permasalahan yang penulis bahas dalam skripsi ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di satuan reserse narkoba kepolisian resor kota padang?, (2) Apa saja kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap hakanak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di satuan reserse narkoba kepolisian resor kota padang, (3) Apa saja upaya untuk mengatasi kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di satuan reserse narkoba kepolisian resor kota padang? Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini bersifat yuridis sosiologis. Adapun hasil penelitian terhadap pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di satuan reserse narkoba kepolisian resor kota padang yaitu perlindungan terhadap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika yakni perlindungan atas hak anak untuk tidak ditahan kecuali sebagai upaya terakhir belum dapat terpenuhi. Kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan terhdap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di Kepolisian Resor Kota Padang terdiri dari kendala internal dan eksternal. Kendala internal diantaranya kekhawatiran bahwa anak akan melarikan diri dan/atau menghilangkan atau merusak barang bukti dan/atau mengulangi tindak pidana lagi selama proses penyidikan berlangsung dan kendala diversi yang tidak dilakukan karena seringkali tidak mencapai kesepakatan. Sedangkan kendala eksternal diantaranya lamanya penelitian pemasyarakatan yang dilakukan oleh BAPAS dan dorongan dari masyarakat untuk segera memproses anak pelaku tindak pidana penyalahguna narkotika agar tidak lagi meresahkan masyarakat. Upaya untuk mengatasi kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika terbagi atas upaya mengatasi kendala internal dan eksternal. Upaya mengatasi kendala internal yakni dengan menerapkan aturan wajib lapor 1x24 jam bagi anak penyalahguna narkotika dan mempercepat dilaksanakannya proses diversi bagi anak. Sedangkan upaya dalam mengatasi kendala eksternal yakni meningkatkan sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat tentang perlindungan hak-hak anak dalam proses peradilan pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Kata Kunci: Tindak Pidana, Narkotika, Penyalahgunaan Narkotika, Penahana

Association of CagA+ helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma

The aim of this study was to find out the association of the CagA+ Helicobactor pylori infection and gastric carcinoma. This cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 40 patients of gastric carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers from January 2011 to December 2012.  Then, Cag A status was ascertained in both the groups by ELISA method. There was no significant difference between the case and control in relation to Cag A status.  &nbsp

Prediction of preterm premature membrane rupture by the platelet-lymphocyte ratio

Background: Premature rupture of membranes is a significant obstetric problem. Evaluating platelet -lymphocyte ratio is expected to illuminate the potential scope of early prediction of PPROM. This study showed that PLR could be a new inflammatory marker for diagnosing preterm PROM. Methods: The study place was the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from May 2019 to October 2019.  Results: It was a case-control study. All mothers were selected by purposive sampling who were PPROM as cases. Age-matched non-PPROM pregnant women at term were also enrolled as control. Afterward, they were scrutinized according to eligibility criteria, and 200 mothers were enrolled. Among them, 100 were cases, and the other 100 were in control. A pre-tested, observation-based, peer-reviewed data collection sheet was prepared before the study. Data regarding clinical, biochemical, and surgical profiles were recorded. Data were compiled, edited, and analyzed. The P-value was determined by the chi-square test (categorical variables) and the student’s t-test (continuous variables). The p-value was significant at <0.05. Conclusions: The mean age of 100 patients from the case was 24.39±2.81 (age range: 18-36) years, and that of the control, like 100 normal pregnant women, was 24.31±2.34 (age range: 19-35) (p=0.49). The mean parity of case and control were 2.1±0.9 (range: 0-5) and 1.98±0.2 (range: 0-3). The mean gravida of case and control were (3.1±1.2 vs. 3.4±1.4). Platelet count was found to be significantly higher in preterm PROM group (case) than control (241.6±58.7×1000/mm³ vs. 201.7±65.9 ×1000/mm³), p value is <0.001 which is statistically significant. So, PLR might be an excellent inflammatory biomarker to predict preterm PROM

Radiology – Changing Role in Healthcare

In November 1895, X-rays were inadvertently discovered by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen provisionally named the new rays as X-rays using the mathematical label for something unidentified. Roentgen's initial manuscript, "On A New Kind of Rays" (άber eine neue Art von Strahlen), was published two months later and in 1901, he received the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays" subsequently named after him. He himself refused to take out patents, intending to the free use of X-rays for the benefit of mankind. Today, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is honoured as the father of diagnostic radiology.1,2 Since the inadvertent discovery of X-rays, conventional radiography has developed greatly and mostly has been replaced by digital radiography equipments which convert X-ray images to electronic data that can be studied using a monitor and archived on a computer disk. Digital techniques permit the radiographs to be viewed instantaneously, additionally allow specific areas of the image to be enlarged, and the contrast of the images can be manipulated to provide greater visibility of the abnormality.1 The anatomical details and sensitivity of the newer modalities is now of a high order and the use of imaging for ultrastructural diagnostics nanotechnology, functional and quantitative diagnostics and molecular medicine is steadily increasing. Most recently the improved imaging clarity and tissue differentiation in a number of clinical situations has dramatically increased the spectrum of the diagnostic information and even in many cases revealing the pathology without the requirement of invasive tissue sampling.3 Eventually radiology is now the prime diagnostic aid for many diseases and also has a vital role in monitoring treatment and predicting outcome. Recent advancements in this field bring a number of imaging modalities which have differing physical principles of varying complexity.3 Accurate and timely diagnosis has always been the cornerstone of medical care. In the vast majority of conditions this involves clinical radiology, from the relatively simple chest X-ray to diagnose pneumonia to the complexities of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) in the management of cancer. This diagnosis relies on the combination of imaging technology and the medical and diagnostic skills of the clinical radiologists making the diagnosis from the images.4 The value of different modalities varies by disease and clinical situation and some modalities have certain limitations in some organ systems. The discipline of musculoskeletal radiology has evolved into a major imaging subspecialty in the years since the first use of X-rays to diagnose fractures. Musculoskeletal radiology expertise has experienced enormous developments in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and in image guided treatment options, in addition to technologic advances far beyond X-rays through advances in cross-sectional imaging such as CT and MR imaging. These two modern radiographic tools also play predominant role in neuroradiography.5 The field of radiation medicine and nuclear imaging are both progressing rapidly with respect to technologic sophistication and multiplatform interface capabilities. Though PET is not really a new field, it has recently undergone a dramatic revitalization as new clinical indicators are validated for this type of functional imaging. PET recently has an immense positive role in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients. PET-CT is now an indispensable tool in the detection of cancer and cancer therapy.6 Most of us are familiar with the concept of diagnostic radiology in the field of medicine. However, numerous advancements in research have led radiology to play an increasingly promising part in health care not in just terms of spotting problems, but also as a major contributor to treatment and recovery. Working in tandem with other disciplines, radiology has had a major impact on achievements in such significant areas as early cancer detection, speedy trauma analysis, precise stroke localization and many others.7 Interventional radiology, one of the subspecialty areas of radiology, uses the imaging modalities of diagnostic radiology to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as that in laparoscopic gallstone surgery. The number of interventional radiology examinations has shown a huge rise, increasing by over 50% since 2007. Therapeutic radiology, better known as radiation oncology uses radiation to treat diseases such as cancer using a form of treatment called radiation therapy.5,8 The last few decades have witnessed dramatic innovations and improvisations in imaging technology. In all sense radiological advances have revolutionized the practice of modern medicine. Imaging now uses a wide range of modalities that vary in their mode of image acquisition. In order to request the correct imaging technique and thereby improve patient management, it is useful for the practicing clinician to be conversant with all imaging techniques available, their advantages as well as limitations, indications and contraindications of each modality

Solution Blow Spinning (SBS): A Promising Spinning System for Submicron/Nanofibre Production

Submicron/nanofibres possess great potential for application in different areas because of their amazingly high surface area-to-weight ratio. The demand for fabrication of such fibres on a huge scale is increasing with the fast improvement of nanotechnology. Traditionally, nanofibre fabrication methods have intrinsic faults, limiting their application in industry. Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a viable option for producing adaptable and conformable submicron/nanofibre mats on a variety of surfaces. The technique can be employed to produce submicron/ nanofibres with only a simple commercial airbrush, a concentrated polymer solution, and a compressed gas source. It depends on the high velocity of decompressed air that allows the rapid stretching and evaporation of the solvent from a polymeric solution jet at the outlet of the concentric nozzles system. Along with recent advancements, the importance and drawbacks of the solution blow spinning system in comparison to other methods, such as electrospinning and melt blowing, are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the mechanisms of co-axial SBS spinning and micro SBS spinning system for submicron/nanofibre fabrication are also described. Drawbacks and research challenges of SBS are also addressed in this paper