Nile Rivers Basin Dispute: Perspectives of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)

Transboundary river basins are under increasing pressure due to population growth agricultural and industrial developments and climate change as well as river pollution Water scarcity is on the increase due to the increasing gap between water demands and supply This will result in more tensions disputes conflicts and deadlocks in negotiations over water distribution length of time it takes to fill the reservoir and allocation Ethiopia is building the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam GERD on the Blue Nile River with a hydropower capacity of 6 000 MW The total estimated cost of the project is US 4 8 Billion and will be the largest dam in Africa which is much larger than the Aswan Dam in Egypt Regional controversies have risen over the construction of the dam between Ethiopia and the downstreamcountries Sudan and Egypt The Blue Nile River is a source of around 85 of the Nile River water Egypt claims that GERD will reduce flow of water in the Nile River between 11 and 19 billion m3 BCM which will affect2 million people and will also interrupt electricity supplies 25 to 40 The real scale of the environmental impacts of GERD under construction upstream of the Nile River together with the rising sea levels due to climate change leading to saltwater intrusion downstream are still not clear But for Ethiopians GERD is empowering development and contribution to their future With the Nile no longer Egyptian birthright and the Nile Delta gradually disappearing into the Mediterranean sea millions of Egypt s people will inevitably need to look elsewhere for a livable future The crises therefore necessities the adaptation of a more effective institutional arrangement such as through Rowland-Ostrom Framework for common pool shared water resource management andcooperative approach to address and resolve present and future problems including on other common transboundary resources forest oil gas and minerals The need for expanding traditiona

TÉCNICAS GRAMATICAIS DE PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL

A presente Oficina tem como objetivo mapear sistematicamente a importância da Gramática na construção de um texto, sobretudo tendo como base os valores de coesão e coerência inerentes à tessitura de produção. Do ponto de vista textual, enfatizar-se-á a arquitetura estética e linguística de uma produção dissertativo-argumentativa (estilo bastante solicitado em concursos e vestibulares), atentando-se de modo especial às redes conectivas de produção – nasce-se desse ponto de exploração a importância de temáticas fortemente vinculadas ao universo prescritivo da língua portuguesa – ilustrar-se-á, de maneira técnica, estudos dirigidos primordiais da gramática no universo textual, a partir dos seguintes saberes: regência, enfatizando-se o uso da crase (regras e exceções), concordância verbal e nominal, sintaxe de colocação (colocação pronominal) e as múltiplas estratégias que tornam um texto mais coerente, coeso e harmonioso, a partir de saberes morfossintáticos

A Case of Clinically Diagnosed ANCA Negative Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis comprising of inflammation of small and medium-sized vessels.1 It typically presents with involvement of the upper and lower airways as well as the kidneys. If left untreated, end-organ damage may occur. Hematological investigations typically demonstrate the presence of antinuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA).2 Here, we discuss an unusual presentation of ANCA negative GPA, presenting initially with nasal symptoms

Influence of Vitamins and Exogenous Enzymes Combination on alleviating Heat Stress in Lactating Ewes under Egyptian Summer Conditions

The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzymes ZADO® in alleviaties heat stress in ewes in summer temperatures (25-44°C) compared with winter temperatures (8-22°C). Fifty lactating Ossimi ewes were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups. In summer, the experiment included four treatments: (i) control i.e., normal summer conditions, no supplements (control 2), (ii) ewes supplemented with 10 g/head/day of ZADO® mixed in the concentrate, (iii) ewes supplemented with vitamin AD3E (250 mg/kg BW) and C (45 mg/kg BW) mixture, and (iv) ewes supplemented with ZADO® and vitamin mixture as above. In winter, the treatment comprised of assessments only under normal winter condition (8 to 22°C) without any additives (control 1). Blood and milk samples from each ewe were collected biweekly throughout lactation. Results indicate that plasma total protein, total lipids and glucose, and milk production and composition were decreased (P<0.01) in summer compared with winter. Addition of ZADO® increased plasma total protein, glucose, milk production, protein and lactose as compared with summer control (control 2). Vitamin mixture increased (P<0.01) plasma total protein, milk production and milk protein, but had no effect on total lipids, glucose, milk fat and lactose. Combination of vitamin mixture with ZADO® addition increased the ability of lactating ewes to alleviate hea

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Enucleation versus resection using plasmakinetic energy: a prospective randomized study at Zagazig University Hospital

Background: Transuretheral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the gold standard endoscopic treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). New technologies have been developed to minimize the morbidity of TURP. Recently, the Gyrus Plasma Kinetic (PK) System is the first bipolar device used in urological practice, as a new modality in treatment of BPH.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasmakinetic enucleation compared to plasmakinetic resection of the prostate in the management of BOO induced by BPH. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 58 volunteers from Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University between January 2018, and January 2020. Patients were randomized to either plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) group or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) group. All patients were indicated for surgical treatment (prostate size ≥ 60 g and ≤ 120 g). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups preoperatively. PKEP resulted in a greater volume of prostatic tissue removal than the PKRP. Tissue retrieved/total operative time in PKEP group was greater than in PKRP group (0.69 gm/min vs 0.67 gm/min respectively). The mean indwelling uretheral catheter time was shorter in PKEP group (34.7 ±4.40 hrs.) than in PKRP (48.79 ±4.31 hrs.). Regarding postoperative complication (early and late), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Conclusions: We concluded that regarding, surgical safety and efficacy PKEP is comparable to PKRP for prostates (60-120 ml). Either PKEP or PKRP can be on an equal footing to TURP as an endoscopic management of BP

Problems and Functional Disabilities Among Patients with Cervical Disc and Relationship with Low Back Pain

Background: cervical disc disorder is associated with many  problems and functional disabilities which affect quality of life for patients. Neck pain is as common as low back pain which are considered from associated problems with cervical disc. Aim: This study was conducted to assess problems and functional disabilities among patients with cervical disc and relationship with low back pain. Design and Setting: A descriptive exploratory correlational study design was used and data were collected from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department and it's affiliated out patient clinic of Tanta Main University Hospital. Sample: Purposive sampling of (90) patients from previous mentioned setting during follow-up period. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection: Tool (I); Sociodemographic and Medical data of the patients, Tool (II); Neck Disability Index scale to examine the degree of disability resulted from cervical disc and its effect on daily activities. Tool (III); Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire to assess pain-related disability resulting from low back pain.  Results: As a result of this study, the majority (66.7%) of the patients had complete level of neck disability and (82.2%) of them had high level of disability due to low back pain. Moreover the majority of the patients (67.6%) had high level of disability due to low back pain associated with complete neck disability due to cervical disc. Significant positive correlation was noted between total score of neck disability index and total score of roland-morrislow back pain and disability.Conclusion and Recommendation: These results indicate that majority of the patients had complete level of neck disability and high level of disability due to low back pain. Significant positive correlation was noted between total score of neck disability index and total score of roland-morrislow back pain and disability. Further research must be done in many settings to evaluate whether disability prevention or interventions can improve functional disabilities. Keywords: Cervical disc, functional disability, Low Back Pain. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/61-05 Publication date: April 30th 201