GIS Utilization for Redistributing the Electricity Network Power on Rural Areas

The electrical networks in rural area have being distributed in randomly way, this lead to the problems of: high cost, losses in power, and difficult access. Geographic information system (GIS) is the most successful package for solving the problems that related by spatial data and analysis.  This paper presents REG (Redistributed of Electrical network based-on GIS). Samraa city in Iraq is selected to collect spatial data for the current situation of electricity distribution. REG have been applied to solve the problem of electrical network distribution, it uses the factors: save cost, Efficiency, and accessibility. Which make benefits of the mentioned factors as: save cost (19.2%), accessibility (95%), save power (14%). Keywords: Electric network distribution, GIS network, power loses

Physiological variables and molecular study of KLK2 and KLK3 among patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostatic hyperplasia is benign tumor occur in prostate. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common disease in old men. The incidence of disease arises with increase in age. The patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia are estimated 20% of men in 40s old, and 90% in of men in 80s old, and main causes of prostatic hyperplasia are unknown but there is evidence referring to genetic and hormonal disorders that may cause the disease. This study includes 60 patients with prostatic hyperplasia with an average age of 64 years old and 30 samples as a control with same age group. The study obtained that there was significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between PSA (KLK3) and prostatic hyperplasia. Result also mentions that there was significant decrease in testosterone level and significant increase in dihydrotestosterone level. The present study for KLK2 and KLK3 genes showed molecular variation in both genes, varied between polymorphism and allele polymorphism. PCR amplification of specific primers of KLK2 gene showed polymorphisms ranged between 14%, 8%, 10%, and 6% in each KLK2a, KLK2b, KLK2c, and KLK2d primers respectively, while the allele polymorphism in KLK2c amplification with primer reaches 18% of patient. PCR amplification of specific primers of KLK3 gene showed polymorphisms ranged between 10%, 6%, 2%, and 4% in each KLK3a, KLK3b, KLK3c, and KLK3d primer respectively, and allele variation was not detected in amplification product of KLK3.Keywords: Hyperplasia, Prostatic specific antigen, KLK2, KLK

DETERMINATION, ISOLATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF AUCUBIN AND VERBASCOSIDE IN THE LEAVES OF IRAQI PLANTAGO LANCOLETA L. USING DIFFERENT DETECTING METHODS

Objective: Plantago lanceoleta L. (ribwort plantain) is one of the important medicinal herbs which is widespread fortune available in Iraq, that have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to determine, isolate and identify verbascoside and aucubin in Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. by using different chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Methods: Verbascoside and aucubin were isolated and quantified by preparative TLC, and then they were determined by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Aucubin and catalpol in the plant extract were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); aucubin and verbascoside that isolated from the plant sample were examined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and LC-MS, respectively. Results: The result showed that the Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. contains 1.74 percent (verbascoside) and 0.24 percent (aucubin) of dry powdered leaves. Each TLC-isolated compound showed a single spot on the HPTLC plate, which give an idea about the purity of the isolated compound. Aucubin (with catalpol) and verbascoside both are detected by LC-MS in different ionization mode. Many functional groups were identified in the TLC-isolated aucubin by FT-IR. Conclusion: The Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. showed a high content of verbasoside, and it is a very rich source for this compound, which can be easily isolated by TLC and subjected to many pharmacological studies. The extract of the young leaves of this plant gave a little amount of aucubin, and it is easy to obtain a higher content from the older leaves

Biomarker Significance of Serum CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16 in Breast Tumors of Iraqi Patients

قيمت الاهمية الواسم-حياتية لثلاث من الحركيات الكيميائية (CXCL8 وCXCL10 وCXCL16) في مصول 45 من مريضات سرطان الثدي و28 من مريضات ورم الثدي الحميد و20 من نساء السيطرة. واعتمدت المرحلة السريرية وتعبير الورم لمستقبلات Estrogen وProgesterone وعامل النمو الشري HER-2 في هذا التقييم. اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في متوسط CXCL8 وCXCL10 وCXCL16 لمريضات سرطان الثدي ومريضات ورم الثدي الحميد مقارنة بالسيطرة (CXCL8: 47.3 و25.7 مقابل 15.0؛ CXCL10: 37.6 و30.7 مقابل 13.1؛ CXCL16: 27.9 و25.2 مقابل 19.2 بيكوغرام/مل، على التوالي). وكانت زيادة مستوى CXCL8 وCXCL16 اكثر وضوحا في المريضات ثلاثية-سالبة التعبير والموجبة للمستقبل HER-2، على التوالي. اظهر تحليل الانحدار اللوجستي الثنائي اهمية CXCL8 كعامل تنبؤي لسرطان الثدي وان ذلك اكثر وصفا في المريضات ثلاثية سالبة التعبير. وفضلا عن ذلك فقد اظهر تحليل خصائص المستقبل التشغيلية باحتلال CXCL8 مساحة تحت المنحنى قدرها 0.988 في مريضات سرطان الثدي. يمكن الاستنتاج بان CXCL8 ذو اهمية لواسم - حياتي لسرطان الثدي خصوصا عند الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار تعبير الورم لمستقبلات Estrogen وProgesterone وعامل النمو الشري HER-2. وفي هذا الصدد، فان الدراسة تقترح الاهمية التنبؤية للحركي الكيميائي-8 في تطور سرطان الثدي لدى المريضات ثلاثية سالبة التعبير.The biomarker significance of three chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16) was evaluated in sera of 45 breast cancer (BC) and 28 benign breast lesion (BBL) patients, as well as 20 control women. Clinical stage and tumor expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) receptors were considered in this evaluation. The results demonstrated that CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16 showed a significant increased median in BC and BBL patients compared to control (CXCL8: 47.3 and 25.7 vs. 15.0; CXCL10: 37.6 and 30.7 vs. 13.1; CXCL16; 27.9 and 25.2 vs. 19.2 pg/ml, respectively). The increased levels of CXCL8 and CXCL16 were more pronounced in triple-negative and HER-2 positive patients, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that CXCL8 was a significant predictor of BC, and such prediction was more depicted in triple-negative patients. The receiver operating characteristic analysis also revealed that CXCL8 recorded an area under curve of 0.998 in BC patients. In conclusion, CXCL8 is a potential biomarker for BC, especially when ER, PgR and HER-2 expression is considered. In this context, the predictive significance of CXCL8 in influencing BC progression is suggested in triple-negative patients

Noise Effects on a Proposed Algorithm for Signal Reconstruction and Bandwidth Optimization

The development of wireless technology in recent years has increased the demand for channel resources within a limited spectrum. The system\u27s performance can be improved through bandwidth optimization, as the spectrum is a scarce resource. To reconstruct the signal, given incomplete knowledge about the original signal, signal reconstruction algorithms are needed. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for reducing the effect of adding additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) using a noise reject filter (NRF) on a previously discussed algorithm for baseband signal transmission and reconstruction that can reconstruct most of the signal’s energy without any need to send most of the signal’s concentrated power like the conventional methods, thus achieving bandwidth optimization. The proposed scheme for noise reduction was tested for a pulse signal and stream of pulses with different rates (2, 4, 6, and 8 Mbps) and showed good reconstruction performance in terms of the normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and achieved an average enhancement of around 48%. The proposed schemes for signal reconstruction and noise reduction can be applied to different applications, such as ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, mobile communication networks, and radar systems

Hiding data in images using steganography techniques with compression algorithms

Steganography is the science and art of secret communication between two sides that attempt to hide the content of the message. It is the science of embedding information into the cover image without causing a loss in the cover image after embedding.Steganography is the art and technology of writing hidden messages in such a manner that no person, apart from the sender and supposed recipient, suspects the lifestyles of the message. It is gaining huge attention these days as it does now not attract attention to its information's existence. In this paper, a comparison of two different techniques is given. The first technique used Least Significant Bit (LSB) with no encryption and no compression. In the second technique, the secret message is encrypted first then LSB technique is applied. Moreover, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to transform the image into the frequency domain. The LSB algorithm is implemented in spatial domain in which the payload bits are inserted into the least significant bits of cover image to develop the stego-image while DCT algorithm is implemented in frequency domain in which the stego-image is transformed from spatial domain to the frequency domain and the payload bits are inserted into the frequency components of the cover image.The performance of these two techniques is evaluated on the basis of the parameters MSE and PSNR

The Impact of Crumb-Rubber on the Mechanical Characteristics of Modified Asphalt Mixture

By following up on the effect of rubber, which has recently been widely used as a direct additive to the asphalt binder or to the concrete mix as a percentage of the weight of the aggregate. The success of the effect of this type of admixture on improving the modified asphalt binder in addition to the modified concrete mix has been investigated. As it was noted the importance of following the asphalt properties due to the increasing use of crumb rubber modifiers in asphalt mixtures, there is a more position to check their rheological and physical properties comprehensively. In general, the performance of the asphalt rubber binder is affected by the rubber crumb content and mixing conditions. This research used 40/50 asphalt grade and Crumb Rubber additives with contents (5, 10, 15, and 20%). The main objectives of this study were to investigate the physical and rheological properties of rubber-modified asphalt binder and mixture. These purposes were achieved by testing HMA samples using the Marshall test approach to determine (Marshall stability and flow and void properties) and measuring the retained Marshall stability and DSR and Viscosity test. Sample testing showed that when recycled rubber was used as modifiers for asphalt mixes, the mixture became more stable, had a higher bulk specific gravity, and had less flow value and air voids. This infers that using recycled rubber can enhance the rutting resistance of bituminous mix

On some queueing systems with server vacations, extended vacations, breakdowns, delayed repairs and stand-bys

This research investigates a batch arrival queueing system with a Bernoulli scheduled vacation and random system breakdowns. It is assumed that the repair process does not start immediately after the breakdown. Consequently there maybe a delay in starting repairs. After every service completion the server may go on an optional vacation. When the original vacation is completed the server has the option to go on an extended vacation. It is assumed that the system is equipped with a stand-by server to serve the customers during the vacation period of the main server as well as during the repair process. The service times, vacation times, repair times, delay times and extended vacation times are assumed to follow different general distributions while the breakdown times and the service times of the stand-by server follow an exponential distribution. By introducing a supplementary variable we are able to obtain steady state results in an explicit closed form in terms of the probability generating functions. Some important performance measures including; the average length of the queue, the average number of customers in the system, the mean response time, and the value of the traffic intensity are presented. The professional MathCad 2001 software has been used to illustrate the numerical results in this study.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Assessing cow health condition by using the recent Cowdition Smartphone App and its correlation with vital clinical parameters

Highly productive milk cows suffer from increasing loss in body condition at early lactation, and are more prone to metabolic disorders. Recent Cowdition smartphone application has the ability to determine animal health situation and it is called body condition scoring (BCS) system. It can apply adequately for proper farming and management the animal performance. BCS is also helping to assure that all stages of annual cow cycle are in a good condition. Consequently, appropriate dietary changes can be done to prevent any deficiencies and metabolic diseases. Routinely, rectal body temperature and pulsation and respiratory rates are measured as suitable vital indicators for evaluation the health of the animals and recognize the clinical abnormalities. Therefore, this study intends to correlate between the animal body condition and vital physiological parameters measurements to assess cow health. A total of 30 cows at different stages of the reproduction period, raised at different farms location in Al Muthanna Governorate/ Iraq was nominated animal material of the present study. For each cow, Bayer smartphone Application/ BCS Cowdition was used to measure the body condition, and at the same time, body temperature and pulse and respiratory rates were also measured. Scores that collected from the Cowdition application system were compared with physiological vital indicators parameters. The overall means of BCS were found as 3.9 ± 0.068 and range from 2.5 to 5 for minimum and maximum values respectively. Moreover, 63.33 % (19 out of 30) cows showed the standard BCS ranged between 3.25-3.75 and revealed typical vital clinical parameters. Also, 30% (9 out of 30) cows showed fat BCS values ranged between 4- 4.25 accompanied with variation in the vital clinical parameters that increase with high BCS values. Only 6.66% (2 out of 30) cows showed extremist BCS values which were 2.5 and 5 for poor (emaciated) and grossly fat cow respectively. Moreover, these cows showed also variations in the vital clinical parameters. In conclusion, this study represented for the first time in Iraq the adoption of smartphone BCS Cowdition system to evaluate the animal health. Besides, to understand the relationship between BCS and physiological vital clinical parameters values (body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates), to evaluate and assess the cow body health that helps in the improving of animal nutrition and avoid the metabolic diseases that commonly occur in the highly productive cow. The authors recommend another future study that uses BCS Cowdition Smartphone Appication and correlates it with the animal’s metabolic diseases

High Gain UWB Antenna Element Design for Cognitive Radio Systems using Low Cost FR4 Substrate

In cognitive radio (CR) and Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication systems, one of the keys issues is designing a compact antenna while providing wideband characteristic over the entire operating band. In these systems, printed wide slot antennas have received much attention owing to their wideband matching characteristics and omnidirectional radiation patterns. In addition they present really appealing physical features, such as simple structure, small size and low cost. In this paper, a small antenna with circular radiating patch and defected ground structure for UWB applications is proposed. The proposed antenna provides a wideband frequency range from 1.17 GHz to more than 12 GHz. But, its maximum allowable gain is low and equals . In order to increase the antenna gain while maintaining the same impedance matching characteristics, a plane reflector is placed beneath the antenna at a specific distance . The plane reflector reflects the backward radiated power again towards the antenna to be constructively added to the forward radiated power. In this case, the modified antenna radiated power is significantly increased and the maximum allowable antenna gain is also increased up to  which is  times greater than the gain of the antenna without reflector.  In addition, the modified antenna exhibits  to  radiation efficiency over the operating frequency range. Good return loss and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. The antenna is designed using the CST Microwave Studio software using low cost FR4 (lossy) substrate with and . Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed antenna