酸化グラフェンをドープしたハイドロゲル中における、2本鎖DNA及び低分子物質の電気泳動挙動

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 鄭 雄一, 東京大学教授 津本 浩平, 東京大学教授 カブラル ロレンゾ オラシオ アマデオ, 東京大学特任准教授 加藤 大, 東京大学教授 三宅 亮University of Tokyo(東京大学

Крос-культурний дискурс філологічних студій: новітні підходи

The academic paper is devoted to exploring the newest approaches within the cross-cultural discourse of philological studies. The cross-cultural approach as a scientific basis for linguistic and literary studies emerged in the 30 s of the last century as a counterweight to ethnocentric studies; however, the boundaries of this discourse have now been significantly expanded and modified. Cross-cultural studies are less and less opposed to ethnocentric studies of national literatures and more and more tend to cross-cultural comparison. The primary purpose of the present academic paper is to analyze the methodological fundamentals and latest approaches of cross-cultural discourse in the system of philological studies, in particular, in the fields of linguistics, literary studies, translation studies, intercultural communication theory and linguoculturology. The semantic field of the concepts of “cross-cultural discourse”, “cross-cultural literary discourse”, “cross-cultural literature” and “cross-cultural research” has been outlined. The following newer approaches are distinguished in the cross-cultural discourse: comparative, anthropological, communicative, hermeneutical, which focuses on deciphering cultural codes, and conceptual. It is determined that cross-cultural interpenetration is most often observed in bilingual authors’ works. The researchers consider their texts as a synthesis of heterogeneous cultural elements, which results in a new multicultural artistic space that requires special tools for analysis.Стаття присвячена дослідженню новітніх підходів у крос-культурному дискурсі філологічних студій. Крос-культурний підхід як наукова основа лінгвістичних і літературознавчих студій виник у 30-х роках минулого століття на противагу етноцентричним студіям, однак межі цього дискурсу нині значно розширилися і модифікувалися. Крос-культурні студії все менше протиставляються етноцентричним дослідженням національних літератур і все більше тяжіють до міжкультурних порівнянь. Основною метою цієї статті є аналіз методологічних засад і новітніх підходів до вивчення крос-культурного дискурсу в системі філологічних досліджень, зокрема, в галузі лінгвістики, літературознавства, перекладознавства, теорії міжкультурної комунікації та лінгвокультурології. Окреслено семантичне поле понять «крос-культурний дискурс», «крос-культурний літературний дискурс», «крос-культурна література» та «крос-культурні дослідження». У крос-культурному дискурсі виокремлено такі підходи: компаративний, антропологічний, комунікативний, герменевтичний, який зосереджується на розшифровці культурних кодів, і концептуальний. Визначено, що крос-культурне взаємопроникнення найчастіше спостерігається у творах двомовних авторів. Дослідники розглядають їхні тексти як синтез гетерогенних культурних елементів, у результаті якого виникає новий мультикультурний художній простір

A central fragment of ribosomal protein S26 containing the eukaryote-specific motif YxxPKxYxK is a key component of the ribosomal binding site of mRNA region 5′ of the E site codon

The eukaryotic ribosomal protein S26e (rpS26e) lacking eubacterial counterparts is a key component of the ribosomal binding site of mRNA region 5′ of the codon positioned at the exit site. Here, we determined the rpS26e oligopeptide neighboring mRNA on the human 80S ribosome using mRNA analogues bearing perfluorophenyl azide-derivatized nucleotides at designed locations. The protein was cross-linked to mRNA analogues in specific ribosomal complexes, in which the derivatized nucleotide was located at positions −3 to −9. Digestion of cross-linked rpS26e with various specific proteolytic agents followed by identification of the resulting modified oligopeptides made it possible to map the cross-links to fragment 60–71. This fragment contains the motif YxxPKxYxK conserved in eukaryotic but not in archaeal rpS26e. Analysis of X-ray structure of the Tetrahymena thermophila 40S subunit showed that this motif is not implicated in the intraribosomal interactions, implying its involvement in translation process in a eukaryote-specific manner. Comparison of the results obtained with data on positioning of ribosomal ligands on the 40S subunit lead us to suggest that this motif is involved in interaction with both the 5′-untranslated region of mRNA and the initiation factor eIF3 specific for eukaryotes, providing new insights into molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes

Adenine and guanine recognition of stop codon is mediated by different N domain conformations of translation termination factor eRF1

Positioning of release factor eRF1 toward adenines and the ribose-phosphate backbone of the UAAA stop signal in the ribosomal decoding site was studied using messenger RNA (mRNA) analogs containing stop signal UAA/UAAA and a photoactivatable cross-linker at definite locations. The human eRF1 peptides cross-linked to these analogs were identified. Cross-linkers on the adenines at the 2nd, 3rd or 4th position modified eRF1 near the conserved YxCxxxF loop (positions 125–131 in the N domain), but cross-linker at the 4th position mainly modified the tripeptide 26-AAR-28. This tripeptide cross-linked also with derivatized 3′-phosphate of UAA, while the same cross-linker at the 3′-phosphate of UAAA modified both the 26–28 and 67–73 fragments. A comparison of the results with those obtained earlier with mRNA analogs bearing a similar cross-linker at the guanines indicates that positioning of eRF1 toward adenines and guanines of stop signals in the 80S termination complex is different. Molecular modeling of eRF1 in the 80S termination complex showed that eRF1 fragments neighboring guanines and adenines of stop signals are compatible with different N domain conformations of eRF1. These conformations vary by positioning of stop signal purines toward the universally conserved dipeptide 31-GT-32, which neighbors guanines but is oriented more distantly from adenines

Honor Killing as a Punishment in Eastern Cultures, and Examples among Refugees in Europe

This graduate work include problems connected with honor crime. The aim of this work is to describe this issue. Here I want to touch upon the reasons of honor crime, I want to show countries, where this problem is common and where it happens often. I would like to show this problem in Europe as well. Also I want to find some decisions how to protect women who have to deal with this issue. I wrote this work according to professional materials, I spoke to a professional who work in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Honor Killing as a Punishment in Eastern Cultures, and Examples among Refugees in Europe

Práce je zaměřena na problematiku vraždy ze cti. Jejím cílem je především popis, charakteristika a vymezení problematiky, chci se zamyslet nad příčinami, ukázat na země, kde je riziko vzniku tohoto porušování lidských práv nejvyšší, ukázat na tento problém i v Evropě a hledat způsoby, jak v těchto případech zvýšit ochranu žen. Práce vychází z odborných zdrojů, rozhovorů s řadou odborníků i z mé vlástní zkušenosti. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)This graduate work include problems connected with honor crime. The aim of this work is to describe this issue. Here I want to touch upon the reasons of honor crime, I want to show countries, where this problem is common and where it happens often. I would like to show this problem in Europe as well. Also I want to find some decisions how to protect women who have to deal with this issue. I wrote this work according to professional materials, I spoke to a professional who work in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)JabokJabokEvangelická teologická fakultaProtestant Theological Facult

Honor Killing as a Punishment in Eastern Cultures, and Examples among Refugees in Europe

This graduate work include problems connected with honor crime. The aim of this work is to describe this issue. Here I want to touch upon the reasons of honor crime, I want to show countries, where this problem is common and where it happens often. I would like to show this problem in Europe as well. Also I want to find some decisions how to protect women who have to deal with this issue. I wrote this work according to professional materials, I spoke to a professional who work in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Семіотика українського та англійського інтелектуальних романів в контексті “людина-товар”

The article under consideration is devoted to the actual topic in modern society, which is investigated through the scope of Ukrainian and English intellectual novels “Misto” by V. Pidmohylnyi and “The Picture of Dorian Gray” by O. Wilde. This topic reveals the principle that life is a fair”, i.e. everything could be bought and sold, and a man is a commodity in this cruel world. The novelty of the research is that it is the first time an attempt to identify and explore the artistic-semiotic model of “life is a fair” in the works by O. Wilde and V. Pidmohylnyi in the perspective of modern comparative literature; the artistic-semiotic model of "life-fair" in a number of works of Ukrainian and English literature is systematically considered; the functioning of the model at the poetic and semiotic levels is comprehensively analyzed; the main structural elements of the literary model (constant and transient) are highlighted; a comparative-typological comparison of the creative work of writers was made, as well as the role and significance of a complex artistic-semiotic analysis of a literary work were specified. Further development of certain provisions of the research in future literary studies is likely on the basis of not only comparative but also theoretical vectors, which will be based on a more detailed study of the artistic and semiotic space of each of the studied artists. This will create an opportunity to identify complex artistic and semiotic paradigms of modeling the brightest representatives of domestic and world literature

Catecholamines of blood in obliterative endarteritis and atherosclerosis (Russian)

[No abstract available