Optimization of the Ways of Cleansing Burn Wounds From Purulent-Necrotic Masses in Children

Thermal injuries occupy a significant place in the structure of accidents in children. It should be noted that thermal injury in children always causes a more severe reaction than in adults. It is the anatomical and physiological features of the growing organism that determine such a specific course of burn disease, and the age of children has a significant impact not only on its clinical course but also on the further development of complications and subsequent mortality

Reservoir Overgrowth and its Relationship with Morphometry: Research Problem and Prospects for Uzbekistan

The article deals with the relationship between morphometry and hydrobiological regime. The Shurtan reservoir located in the southern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan is chosen as the Object of the study. Studying the problem of reservoir overgrowth and its connection with morphometry, especially in reservoirs with depth up to 2 metres, and the influence of sunlight penetration, requires application of various research methods. The water level mark in the reservoir during the period of field studies was ∇ 420.325 m, the reservoir water volume was 7.5 million m3 and the water surface area was 7.10 km2. On the basis of application of modern technologies of geoinformation system for assessment of hydrological and hydrobiological processes on the reservoir, an electronic map of the Shurtan reservoir basin was made. The results of the study using GIS technologies showed that the coastal zones of the reservoir bowl are covered with algae (reeds), their area is growing every year. If its area in 2007 was-0.386km2, in 2014 it reached an area of 0.677km2. In 2018, work was done to clear the coastal zones of vegetation, but by 2023 everything is covered with plants again

Investigação das propriedades físico-químicas e características estruturais do produto da pirólise de resíduos de madeira

In this paper, the object of investigation is a solid product of pyrolysis of wood waste. The structural characteristics and physical-chemical properties of the solid pyrolysis product obtained in the production conditions, characterizing the sorption properties with respect to pollutants contained in aqueous media - the specific area, surface structure, pore size and size distribution are characterized.The specific surface, volume and radius of the pores were determined by capillary condensation of nitrogen. The specific surface area of the pyrolysis product of wood waste is 310.5 m2/ g. The volume and radius of the pores determined by the t-method and the BJH method are 0.229 cc/g and 19.3 A, respectively. The elemental composition and surface structure of the pyrolysis product were studied by scanning electron and x-ray microscopy. The obtained data indicate the presence of sorption properties.According to the definition of the dispersed composition, the pyrolysis product of wood waste mainly contains particles of sizes from 0.1 to 3 mm (86.6%). The specific value of the bulk density of the pyrolysis product is not inferior to that of known adsorbents. And they are 295 g/dm3. The moisture content of wood waste after treatment with pyrolysis does not exceed the normative value and accounts for 2.7%.It is established that utilization of wood waste by low-temperature pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a sorption material.En este trabajo, el objeto de investigación es un producto sólido de pirólisis de residuos de madera. Se caracterizan las características estructurales y las propiedades físico-químicas del producto de pirólisis sólido obtenido en las condiciones de producción, que caracterizan las propiedades de sorción con respecto a los contaminantes contenidos en medios acuosos: el área específica, la estructura de la superficie, el tamaño de los poros y la distribución de tamaños.La superficie específica, el volumen y el radio de los poros se determinaron mediante la condensación capilar de nitrógeno. El área superficial específica del producto de pirólisis de los residuos de madera es de 310,5 m2 / g. El volumen y el radio de los poros determinados por el método t y el método BJH son 0.229 cc / gy 19.3 A, respectivamente. La composición elemental y la estructura de la superficie del producto de pirólisis se estudiaron mediante microscopía electrónica y de rayos X de barrido. Los datos obtenidos indican la presencia de propiedades de sorción.Según la definición de la composición dispersa, el producto de pirólisis de los desechos de madera contiene principalmente partículas de tamaños de 0,1 a 3 mm (86,6%). El valor específico de la densidad aparente del producto de pirólisis no es inferior al de los adsorbentes conocidos. Y son 295 g / dm3. El contenido de humedad de los residuos de madera después del tratamiento con pirólisis no excede el valor normativo y representa el 2,7%.Se ha establecido que la utilización de residuos de madera mediante pirólisis a baja temperatura permite obtener un material de sorción.Neste trabalho, o objeto de investigação é um produto sólido de pirólise de resíduos de madeira. As características estruturais e propriedades físico-químicas do produto de pirólise sólido obtido nas condições de produção, caracterizando as propriedades de sorção em relação aos poluentes contidos em meio aquoso - a área específica, estrutura superficial, tamanho de poro e distribuição de tamanho são caracterizadas.A superfície específica, volume e raio dos poros foram determinados por condensação capilar de nitrogênio. A área superficial específica do produto da pirólise de resíduos de madeira é de 310,5 m2 / g. O volume e o raio dos poros determinados pelo método t e pelo método BJH são de 0,229 cc / ge 19,3 A, respectivamente. A composição elementar e a estrutura superficial do produto da pirólise foram estudadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de raios-X. Os dados obtidos indicam a presença de propriedades de sorção.De acordo com a definição da composição dispersa, o produto de pirólise de resíduos de madeira contém principalmente partículas de tamanhos de 0,1 a 3 mm (86,6%). O valor específico da densidade aparente do produto de pirólise não é inferior ao dos adsorventes conhecidos. E eles são 295 g / dm3. O teor de umidade dos resíduos de madeira após o tratamento com pirólise não excede o valor normativo e representa 2,7%.Estabelece-se que a utilização de resíduos de madeira por pirólise a baixa temperatura possibilita a obtenção de um material de sorção

Mitochondrial diversity in Gonionemus (Trachylina:Hydrozoa) and its implications for understanding the origins of clinging jellyfish in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PeerJ 5 (2017): e3205, doi:10.7717/peerj.3205.Determining whether a population is introduced or native to a region can be challenging due to inadequate taxonomy, the presence of cryptic lineages, and poor historical documentation. For taxa with resting stages that bloom episodically, determining origin can be especially challenging as an environmentally-triggered abrupt appearance of the taxa may be confused with an anthropogenic introduction. Here, we assess diversity in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from multiple Atlantic and Pacific locations, and discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the origin of clinging jellyfish Gonionemus in the Northwest Atlantic. Clinging jellyfish are known for clinging to seagrasses and seaweeds, and have complex life cycles that include resting stages. They are especially notorious as some, although not all, populations are associated with severe sting reactions. The worldwide distribution of Gonionemus has been aptly called a “zoogeographic puzzle” and our results refine rather than resolve the puzzle. We find a relatively deep divergence that may indicate cryptic speciation between Gonionemus from the Northeast Pacific and Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic. Within the Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic clade, we find haplotypes unique to each region. We also find one haplotype that is shared between highly toxic Vladivostok-area populations and some Northwest Atlantic populations. Our results are consistent with multiple scenarios that involve both native and anthropogenic processes. We evaluate each scenario and discuss critical directions for future research, including improving the resolution of population genetic structure, identifying possible lineage admixture, and better characterizing and quantifying the toxicity phenotype.This work was supported by the Woods Hole Sea Grant, the Town of Oak Bluffs Community Preservation Committee, the Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative, the Kathleen M. and Peter E. Naktenis Family Foundation, and the Russian Science Foundation (No. 14-50-00034)

Control of LED Emission with Functional Dielectric Metasurfaces

The improvement of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is one of the major goals of optoelectronics and photonics research. While emission rate enhancement is certainly one of the targets, in this regard, for LED integration to complex photonic devices, one would require to have, additionally, precise control of the wavefront of the emitted light. Metasurfaces are spatial arrangements of engineered scatters that may enable this light manipulation capability with unprecedented resolution. Most of these devices, however, are only able to function properly under irradiation of light with a large spatial coherence, typically normally incident lasers. LEDs, on the other hand, have angularly broad, Lambertian-like emission patterns characterized by a low spatial coherence, which makes the integration of metasurface devices on LED architectures extremely challenging. A novel concept for metasurface integration on LED is proposed, using a cavity to increase the LED spatial coherence through an angular collimation. Due to the resonant character of the cavity, extending the spatial coherence of the emitted light does not come at the price of any reduction in the total emitted power. The experimental demonstration of the proposed concept is implemented on a GaP LED architecture including a hybrid metallic-Bragg cavity. By integrating a silicon metasurface on top we demonstrate two different functionalities of these compact devices: directional LED emission at a desired angle and LED emission of a vortex beam with an orbital angular momentum. The presented concept is general, being applicable to other incoherent light sources and enabling metasurfaces designed for plane waves to work with incoherent light emitters.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figure

A Metalens with Near-Unity Numerical Aperture

The numerical aperture (NA) of a lens determines its ability to focus light and its resolving capability. Having a large NA is a very desirable quality for applications requiring small light-matter interaction volumes or large angular collections. Traditionally, a large NA lens based on light refraction requires precision bulk optics that ends up being expensive and is thus also a specialty item. In contrast, metasurfaces allow the lens designer to circumvent those issues producing high NA lenses in an ultra-flat fashion. However, so far, these have been limited to numerical apertures on the same order of traditional optical components, with experimentally reported values of NA <0.9. Here we demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, a new approach that results in a diffraction limited flat lens with a near-unity numerical aperture (NA>0.99) and sub-wavelength thickness (~{\lambda}/3), operating with unpolarized light at 715 nm. To demonstrate its imaging capability, the designed lens is applied in a confocal configuration to map color centers in sub-diffractive diamond nanocrystals. This work, based on diffractive elements able to efficiently bend light at angles as large as 82{\deg}, represents a step beyond traditional optical elements and existing flat optics, circumventing the efficiency drop associated to the standard, phase mapping approach.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

High-efficiency and low-loss gallium nitride dielectric metasurfaces for nanophotonics at visible wavelengths

The dielectric nanophotonics research community is currently exploring transparent material platforms (e.g., TiO2, Si3N4, and GaP) to realize compact high efficiency optical devices at visible wavelengths. Efficient visible-light operation is key to integrating atomic quantum systems for future quantum computing. Gallium nitride (GaN), a III-V semiconductor which is highly transparent at visible wavelengths, is a promising material choice for active, nonlinear, and quantum nanophotonic applications. Here, we present the design and experimental realization of high efficiency beam deflecting and polarization beam splitting metasurfaces consisting of GaN nanostructures etched on the GaN epitaxial substrate itself. We demonstrate a polarization insensitive beam deflecting metasurface with 64% and 90% absolute and relative efficiencies. Further, a polarization beam splitter with an extinction ratio of 8.6/1 (6.2/1) and a transmission of 73% (67%) for p-polarization (s-polarization) is implemented to demonstrate the broad functionality that can be realized on this platform. The metasurfaces in our work exhibit a broadband response in the blue wavelength range of 430-470 nm. This nanophotonic platform of GaN shows the way to off- and on-chip nonlinear and quantum photonic devices working efficiently at blue emission wavelengths common to many atomic quantum emitters such as Ca+ and Sr+ ions. © 2017 Author(s)

Лабораторные предикторы геморрагических осложнений при эндопротезировании тазобедренных суставов на фоне приема пероральных антикоагулянтов

Introduction. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) rivaroxaban and apixaban have significantly reduced the risk of developing venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC). However, the use of DOAC may be associated with a higher risk of bleeding, especially actual in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA).Material and methods. We enrolled 38 patients with moderate osteoarthritis of the hip joints undergoing THA. The mean age of patients was 58 (33; 85) years. All the patients received rivaroxaban or apixaban in the doses specified by Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC). Retrospectively, in the postoperative period, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 — 31 patients (20 women and 11 men), who had no hemorrhagic complications after hip replacement; and Group 2 — 7 patients (4 women and 3 men) who experienced hemorrhagic events in the form of hematomas in the wound area. Laboratory tests were performed for all patient baseline (1st day of hospitalization), after surgery (1st day after THA), and on the 7th day after THA. Analyses included the determination of hemostasis parameters (INR, aPPT, fibrinogen, D-dimer), hematological (HGB, PLT, RBC) and biochemical parameters (calcium, ionized calcium, serum iron, hs-CRP).Results. The analysis of biochemical parameters in patients with hemorrhagic complications revealed a significant increase of fibrinogen (p=0,023) compared with uncomplicated cases. Serum iron concentration in men with hemorrhagic complications in the postoperative period was significantly lower than in patients without complications. In patients with hemorrhagic complications, the ionized calcium was lower (p=0,032) than in patients without complications, but within the reference values. The hs-CRP concentration in the group with hemorrhagic complications was twice higher than in the group without complication and eight times above the reference values.Conclusion. The concentration of iron in the blood serum in men below 11 mmol/l and a slight hyperfibrinogenemia of 4.65 g/l in all the patients are the risks of developing hematomas in the area of surgery. These parameters should be used to predict the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients before THA and recommended for control before the surgery and on the 1st day after THA (hs-CRP).Введение. Современные прямые ингибиторы факторов свертывания крови для перорального приема (ривароксабан и апиксабан) позволяют существенно снизить риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО). Однако в ряде случаев у пациентов со скрытыми нарушениями в системе гемостаза применение прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов может сопровождаться повышенным риском развития послеоперационого кровотечения после артропластики тазобедренного сустава.Материал и методы. Под наблюдением находились 38 пациентов с остеоартритом тазобедренного сустава III ст., перенесших плановое тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Средний возраст пациентов составлял 58 (33; 85) лет. Все пациенты получали ривароксабан или апиксабан в дозах, указанных Российскими клиническими рекомендациями по диагностике, лечению и профилактике ВТЭО. Ретроспективно в послеоперационном периоде пациенты были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа — 31 пациент (20 женщин и 11 мужчин), у которых после эндопротезирования тазобедренных суставов не было геморрагических осложнений, и 2-я группа — 7 пациентов (4 женщины и 3 мужчин), у которых наблюдались геморрагические события в виде гематом в области раны. Всем больным выполнены лабораторные исследования до операции, на первые и 10-е сутки после проведения артропластики. Лабораторное исследование включало определение показателей гемостаза (международное нормализованное отношение, активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время, фибриноген, D-димер) и биохимических (уровни в крови кальция общего, кальция ионизированного, сывороточного железа, С-реактивного белка (СРБ), креатинина), гематологических (содержание гемоглобина, тромбоцитов, эритроцитов) показателей, а также концентрацию ривароксабана или апиксабана в плазме крови.Результаты и обсуждение. При анализе биохимических показателей у пациентов с геморрагическими осложнениями было выявлено статистически значимое повышение концентрации в крови фибриногена (р=0,023) по сравнению со случаями неосложненного течения. Концентрация сывороточного железа у мужчин с геморрагическими осложнениями в послеоперационный период была статистически значимо ниже, чем у пациентов без осложнений. Констатированы статистически значимые изменения в уровне ионизированного кальция (Ca2+). У пациентов с геморрагическими осложнениями концентрация Ca2+ была статистически значимо ниже (р=0,032), чем у пациентов без осложнений, но в пределах референтных значений. У пациентов с геморрагическими осложнениями концентрация СРБ была в 2 раза выше, чем в группе без осложнений и в 8 раз выше по сравнению с референтными значениями.Выводы. Концентрация железа в сыворотке крови у мужчин ниже 11 мкмоль/л и незначительная гиперфибриногенемия являются рисками развития гематом в зоне операции. Данные параметры могут быть использованы для прогноза риска развития геморрагических осложнений у пациентов ортопедического профиля, которые необходимо контролировать в крови перед операцией (уровень сывороточного железа у мужчин и фибриногена) и в первый день после нее (содержание СРБ)