31 research outputs found
Emotion and Judgment in Young Women of a Society in Transition
The present study asked whether emotional responses to narratives of moral transgressions are shaped by the readerâs assumed relationship with the injured party (i.e., oneself, familiar other, and unfamiliar other). Its goal was to test a cultural, religious, and individualistic account of such responses in young females of a traditional society in transition towards a sustainable integration into the global economy. To this end, female college students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were asked to identify their emotional reaction to each of several moral transgressions, report its intensity and then judge the severity of the transgression. In agreement with the religious norm hypothesis, whereby others are to be treated as oneself, reported emotions, affective intensity, and moral judgment did not change with studentsâ relationship with the injured party. The only exception was studentsâ lenient judgment when feeling angry for being the victim of a transgression, which underlies the tenet of forgiveness in religious doctrine
Bilingualism and Self-Perception: Self-Efficacy through the Veil of Two Languages
This chapter is concerned with the relationship between language, as the vehicle of a personâs culture, and self-assessment of oneâs capabilities (i.e., self-efficacy) via conventional self-report measures. It relies on the assumption that a language âis âa veilâ over the reality of the culture in which it is used, involving an agreement of its users about what there is to be seen and how it should be seenâ. Thus, the information weighted and integrated into judgments of oneâs self-efficacy is filtered through, and thus it is shaped by cultural schemas which are elicited by the language used to formulate such judgments. Evidence that supports this viewpoint is reviewed
Leishmaniose CutanĂ©es Ă Ain Dfali, Aspects ĂpidĂ©mio-Cliniques Comparatifs De 132 Cas
Since the end of the 19th century, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been regarded as a public health problem in our country, Morocco. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and posttherapeutic evolution of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Ain Dfaliâs health center. We carried out a study based on the use of records and the observation of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis between January 2006 and December 2015. Also, we collected 132 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean age of patients was 19.8 years with extremes from 6 months to 61 years. The sex ratio was 0.76 M / F. The mean duration of lesions was 1.6 months with extremes of 2 weeks to 10 months. Fall preponderance was noted (41.6%). The most frequent clinical appearance was that of a single ulcero-pulmonary nodule (61%) (71.9%) and was seated on the face (57.5%). The diagnosis was mentioned clinically and confirmed by direct parasitological examination. GlucantimeÂź was the treatment of choice that was used intralesionally. The post-therapeutic evolution was favourable with almost a complete disappearance of lesions. This took place in a period varying from 3 to 8 weeks at the price of unsightly scars in 19 patients. Cutaneous leishmaniasis continues to pose a real public health problem in our country. The emergence of severe and resistant forms throughout the world should encourage the multiplication and strengthening of prophylactic measures
Profil Epidemiologique De La Leishmaniose Cutanee Dans La Region Du Gharb- Maroc De 2006 Ă 2014
Between 2006 and 2014, 439 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded in the region of Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssen in the north-west of Morocco. With an annual incidence of 49.1 cases per year and a sex-ratio (M / F) of 0.71. The disease has affected all age groups. The most stricken population is children and young people between the ages of 6 months and 30 years with more than 60.26 % of cases. Therefore, Cutaneous leishmaniasis almost hits the rural and urban areas but with an uneven impact. It is higher in rural areas where they are registered with a percentage of 56.7% of cases in contrast to a percentage of 43.3% in urban areas
Méthotrexate en médecine interne: Methotrexate in Internal Medicine
MĂ©thotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant belonging to the class of anti-metabolites or antifolates. It is always prescribed at high dose in oncology and at low dose for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. MTX has several actions such as antiproliferative, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Its metabolism is mainly hepatic and its elimination is renal. On the down side, MTX possesses multiple side effects that require careful monitoring. Its indications are mainly to treat certain types of neoplasia such as leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and breast cancer. It is also used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. The indications, benefits and safety of use of MTX in internal medicine should be further documented by prospective and comparative trials.
MĂ©thotrexate (MTX) est un immunosuppresseur appartenant Ă classe dâanti mĂ©tabolites ou antifolates. Il est prescrit Ă haute dose en cancĂ©rologie et Ă faible dose pour le traitement des maladies auto-immunes. Il possĂšde plusieurs actions Ă la fois antiprolifĂ©rative, anti-inflammatoire et immunomodulatrice. Il a un mĂ©tabolisme hĂ©patique et une Ă©limination rĂ©nale. Cependant, le mĂ©thotrexate prĂ©sente de multiples effets secondaires nĂ©cessitant une surveillance rigoureuse. Il sâutilise pour traiter certains types de nĂ©oplasies comme les leucĂ©mies, les lymphomes non hodgkinien, et le cancer du sein. On lâutilise Ă©galement pour le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoĂŻde, de lâarthrite psoriasique et du psoriasis. Les indications, les avantages et la tolĂ©rance du mĂ©thotrexate en mĂ©decine interne doivent ĂȘtre mieux documentĂ©s par des essais prospectifs et comparatifs
Cutaneous metastases of gastric linitis: an exceptional case
La linite gastrique est un adĂ©nocarcinome gastrique infiltrant, caractĂ©risĂ© par la prĂ©sence de cellules en bague Ă chaton. La survenue de mĂ©tastases cutanĂ©es lors des linites gastriques est une situation extrĂȘmement rare. Parfois rĂ©vĂ©latrices de nĂ©oplasie gastrique, les mĂ©tastases cutanĂ©es restent de mauvais pronostic. Nous en rapportons une observation originale. Observation : Un patient de 45 ans est hospitalisĂ© pour bilan dâĂ©pigastralgies avec vomissements dans un contexte dâaltĂ©ration de lâĂ©tat gĂ©nĂ©ral. Lâexamen cutanĂ© retrouve des nodules au niveau de la face et du cuir chevelu. Lâendoscopie Ćso-gastroduodĂ©nale a objectivĂ© la prĂ©sence dâun processus tumoral bourgeonnant et infiltrant de la rĂ©gion antro-pylorique. Lâexamen anatomo-pathologique a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un adĂ©nocarcinome peu diffĂ©renciĂ© Ă cellules isolĂ©es en bague Ă chaton. La biopsie des nodules cutanĂ©s a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la localisation cutanĂ©e dâun adĂ©nocarcinome peu diffĂ©renciĂ© avec contingent Ă cellules indĂ©pendantes en bague Ă chaton. Le scanner abdominal a objectivĂ© en plus, des adĂ©nopathies cĆlio-mĂ©sentĂ©riques et ascite de faible abondance avec des lĂ©sions osseuses condensantes intĂ©ressant le squelette axial en faveur de mĂ©tastases osseuses. Conclusion : Les mĂ©tastases cutanĂ©es des linites gastriques sont trĂšs rares ; elles peuvent prendre des aspects cliniques diffĂ©rents et parfois trompeurs. Lâextension se fait surtout par voie lymphatique ; le diagnostic est fait par examen histologique et complĂ©ment immuno-histo-chimique. Le pronostic demeure sombre malgrĂ© les progrĂšs de la chimiothĂ©rapie.Gastric linitis is a gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells. Cutaneous metastasis of gastric linitis is extremely rare, and can be indicative of gastric neoplasia. Cutaneous metastases have a bad prognosis. We report an original case of cutaneous metastases associated to gastric linitis. Case report: A 45 years old patient was referred to our department for epigastric pain with vomiting in the context of impaired general condition. Dermatological examination found skin nodules at the face and scalp. The gastroduodenal endoscopy objectified the presence of a budding tumor infiltrating antro-pyloric region. The histologic examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with isolated signet ring cells. Biopsy of skin nodules revealed localization of cutaneous adenocarcinoma with isolates signet ring cells. Abdominal computed tomography showed mesenteric lymphadenopathy, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and bone metastases. Conclusion: The cutaneous metastases of gastric linitis are very rare; they can take different clinical aspects and sometimes misleading. The extension is mainly via the lymphatics, the diagnosis is made by histological examination. The prognosis remains poor despite advances in chemotherapy
Clinical and genetic data of Huntington disease in Moroccan patients
Background: Huntington's disease (HD) occurs worldwide with prevalence
varying from 0.1 to 10 /100,000 depending of the ethnic origin. Since
no data is available in the Maghreb population, the aim of this study
is to describe clinical and genetic characteristics of Huntington
patients of Moroccan origin. Methods: Clinical and genetics data of 21
consecutive patients recruited from 2009 to 2014 from the outpatient
clinic of six medical centers were analyzed. Statistical analysis was
performed using descriptive statistics. Results: Twenty one patients
from 17 families were diagnosed positive for the IT15 gene CAG
expansion. Clinical symptoms were predominantly motor (19/21). Twelve
patients had psychiatric and behavioral disorders, and 11 patients had
cognitive disorders essentially of memory impairment. Analysis of
genetic results showed that 5 patients had reduced penetrant (RP)
alleles and 16 had fully penetrant (FP) alleles. The mean CAG repeat
length in patients with RP alleles was 38.4 \ub1 0.54, and 45.37
\ub1 8.30 in FP alleles. The age of onset and the size of the CAG
repeat length showed significant inverse correlation (p <0.001, r =
-0.754). Conclusion: Clinical and genetic data of Moroccan patients are
similar to those of Caucasian populations previously reported in the
literature
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance
INTRODUCTION
Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.
RATIONALE
We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
The Wisdom of Stubbornness
Abstract Abstract: How does it feel when oneâs wound is an exhibit for an academic who investigates what is scripted as defeated life practices? How does it feel to deal with texts announcing victorious life practices such as human rights and progress while life is being threatened by the modern technologies of violence? How is it possible to read the texts in any hermeneutic fashion while so many familiar âcolouredâ bodies are being targeted and slaughtered? These are the questions that haunt me in my academic journey. I will attempt to answer them by exploring how the project of Westernised education (developmental time) is entangled with a deeper understanding of the political that poet Murid al-Barghouti captures in his reflection: â[politics] is your memories that you fear to gaze at but you gaze at it despite it all.â I wonder how much the festering wounds and the prominence of the familiar invoke a different temporality that can be but too aware of the crimes committed against humanity in the name of progress and development. I wonder how that political act of the unwilling gaze at oneâs wounds and oneâs memory reaffirms a notion of time thought to be over, but is not