Emotion and Judgment in Young Women of a Society in Transition

The present study asked whether emotional responses to narratives of moral transgressions are shaped by the reader’s assumed relationship with the injured party (i.e., oneself, familiar other, and unfamiliar other). Its goal was to test a cultural, religious, and individualistic account of such responses in young females of a traditional society in transition towards a sustainable integration into the global economy. To this end, female college students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were asked to identify their emotional reaction to each of several moral transgressions, report its intensity and then judge the severity of the transgression. In agreement with the religious norm hypothesis, whereby others are to be treated as oneself, reported emotions, affective intensity, and moral judgment did not change with students’ relationship with the injured party. The only exception was students’ lenient judgment when feeling angry for being the victim of a transgression, which underlies the tenet of forgiveness in religious doctrine

Bilingualism and Self-Perception: Self-Efficacy through the Veil of Two Languages

This chapter is concerned with the relationship between language, as the vehicle of a person’s culture, and self-assessment of one’s capabilities (i.e., self-efficacy) via conventional self-report measures. It relies on the assumption that a language “is ‘a veil’ over the reality of the culture in which it is used, involving an agreement of its users about what there is to be seen and how it should be seen”. Thus, the information weighted and integrated into judgments of one’s self-efficacy is filtered through, and thus it is shaped by cultural schemas which are elicited by the language used to formulate such judgments. Evidence that supports this viewpoint is reviewed

Leishmaniose Cutanées À Ain Dfali, Aspects Épidémio-Cliniques Comparatifs De 132 Cas

Since the end of the 19th century, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been regarded as a public health problem in our country, Morocco. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and posttherapeutic evolution of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Ain Dfali’s health center. We carried out a study based on the use of records and the observation of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis between January 2006 and December 2015. Also, we collected 132 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean age of patients was 19.8 years with extremes from 6 months to 61 years. The sex ratio was 0.76 M / F. The mean duration of lesions was 1.6 months with extremes of 2 weeks to 10 months. Fall preponderance was noted (41.6%). The most frequent clinical appearance was that of a single ulcero-pulmonary nodule (61%) (71.9%) and was seated on the face (57.5%). The diagnosis was mentioned clinically and confirmed by direct parasitological examination. Glucantime® was the treatment of choice that was used intralesionally. The post-therapeutic evolution was favourable with almost a complete disappearance of lesions. This took place in a period varying from 3 to 8 weeks at the price of unsightly scars in 19 patients. Cutaneous leishmaniasis continues to pose a real public health problem in our country. The emergence of severe and resistant forms throughout the world should encourage the multiplication and strengthening of prophylactic measures

Profil Epidemiologique De La Leishmaniose Cutanee Dans La Region Du Gharb- Maroc De 2006 À 2014

Between 2006 and 2014, 439 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded in the region of Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssen in the north-west of Morocco. With an annual incidence of 49.1 cases per year and a sex-ratio (M / F) of 0.71. The disease has affected all age groups. The most stricken population is children and young people between the ages of 6 months and 30 years with more than 60.26 % of cases. Therefore, Cutaneous leishmaniasis almost hits the rural and urban areas but with an uneven impact. It is higher in rural areas where they are registered with a percentage of 56.7% of cases in contrast to a percentage of 43.3% in urban areas

Méthotrexate en médecine interne: Methotrexate in Internal Medicine

Méthotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant belonging to the class of anti-metabolites or antifolates. It is always prescribed at high dose in oncology and at low dose for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. MTX has several actions such as antiproliferative, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Its metabolism is mainly hepatic and its elimination is renal. On the down side, MTX possesses multiple side effects that require careful monitoring. Its indications are mainly to treat certain types of neoplasia such as leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and breast cancer. It is also used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. The indications, benefits and safety of use of MTX in internal medicine should be further documented by prospective and comparative trials. Méthotrexate (MTX) est un immunosuppresseur appartenant à classe d’anti métabolites ou antifolates. Il est prescrit à haute dose en cancérologie et à faible dose pour le traitement des maladies auto-immunes. Il possède plusieurs actions à la fois antiproliférative, anti-inflammatoire et immunomodulatrice. Il a un métabolisme hépatique et une élimination rénale. Cependant, le méthotrexate présente de multiples effets secondaires nécessitant une surveillance rigoureuse. Il s’utilise pour traiter certains types de néoplasies comme les leucémies, les lymphomes non hodgkinien, et le cancer du sein. On l’utilise également pour le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, de l’arthrite psoriasique et du psoriasis. Les indications, les avantages et la tolérance du méthotrexate en médecine interne doivent être mieux documentés par des essais prospectifs et comparatifs

Cutaneous metastases of gastric linitis: an exceptional case

La linite gastrique est un adénocarcinome gastrique infiltrant, caractérisé par la présence de cellules en bague à chaton. La survenue de métastases cutanées lors des linites gastriques est une situation extrêmement rare. Parfois révélatrices de néoplasie gastrique, les métastases cutanées restent de mauvais pronostic. Nous en rapportons une observation originale. Observation : Un patient de 45 ans est hospitalisé pour bilan d’épigastralgies avec vomissements dans un contexte d’altération de l’état général. L’examen cutané retrouve des nodules au niveau de la face et du cuir chevelu. L’endoscopie œso-gastroduodénale a objectivé la présence d’un processus tumoral bourgeonnant et infiltrant de la région antro-pylorique. L’examen anatomo-pathologique a révélé un adénocarcinome peu différencié à cellules isolées en bague à chaton. La biopsie des nodules cutanés a révélé la localisation cutanée d’un adénocarcinome peu différencié avec contingent à cellules indépendantes en bague à chaton. Le scanner abdominal a objectivé en plus, des adénopathies cœlio-mésentériques et ascite de faible abondance avec des lésions osseuses condensantes intéressant le squelette axial en faveur de métastases osseuses. Conclusion : Les métastases cutanées des linites gastriques sont très rares ; elles peuvent prendre des aspects cliniques différents et parfois trompeurs. L’extension se fait surtout par voie lymphatique ; le diagnostic est fait par examen histologique et complément immuno-histo-chimique. Le pronostic demeure sombre malgré les progrès de la chimiothérapie.Gastric linitis is a gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells. Cutaneous metastasis of gastric linitis is extremely rare, and can be indicative of gastric neoplasia. Cutaneous metastases have a bad prognosis. We report an original case of cutaneous metastases associated to gastric linitis. Case report: A 45 years old patient was referred to our department for epigastric pain with vomiting in the context of impaired general condition. Dermatological examination found skin nodules at the face and scalp. The gastroduodenal endoscopy objectified the presence of a budding tumor infiltrating antro-pyloric region. The histologic examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with isolated signet ring cells. Biopsy of skin nodules revealed localization of cutaneous adenocarcinoma with isolates signet ring cells. Abdominal computed tomography showed mesenteric lymphadenopathy, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and bone metastases. Conclusion: The cutaneous metastases of gastric linitis are very rare; they can take different clinical aspects and sometimes misleading. The extension is mainly via the lymphatics, the diagnosis is made by histological examination. The prognosis remains poor despite advances in chemotherapy

Clinical and genetic data of Huntington disease in Moroccan patients

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) occurs worldwide with prevalence varying from 0.1 to 10 /100,000 depending of the ethnic origin. Since no data is available in the Maghreb population, the aim of this study is to describe clinical and genetic characteristics of Huntington patients of Moroccan origin. Methods: Clinical and genetics data of 21 consecutive patients recruited from 2009 to 2014 from the outpatient clinic of six medical centers were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: Twenty one patients from 17 families were diagnosed positive for the IT15 gene CAG expansion. Clinical symptoms were predominantly motor (19/21). Twelve patients had psychiatric and behavioral disorders, and 11 patients had cognitive disorders essentially of memory impairment. Analysis of genetic results showed that 5 patients had reduced penetrant (RP) alleles and 16 had fully penetrant (FP) alleles. The mean CAG repeat length in patients with RP alleles was 38.4 \ub1 0.54, and 45.37 \ub1 8.30 in FP alleles. The age of onset and the size of the CAG repeat length showed significant inverse correlation (p <0.001, r = -0.754). Conclusion: Clinical and genetic data of Moroccan patients are similar to those of Caucasian populations previously reported in the literature

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

The Wisdom of Stubbornness

Abstract Abstract: How does it feel when one’s wound is an exhibit for an academic who investigates what is scripted as defeated life practices? How does it feel to deal with texts announcing victorious life practices such as human rights and progress while life is being threatened by the modern technologies of violence? How is it possible to read the texts in any hermeneutic fashion while so many familiar ‘coloured’ bodies are being targeted and slaughtered? These are the questions that haunt me in my academic journey. I will attempt to answer them by exploring how the project of Westernised education (developmental time) is entangled with a deeper understanding of the political that poet Murid al-Barghouti captures in his reflection: ‘[politics] is your memories that you fear to gaze at but you gaze at it despite it all.’ I wonder how much the festering wounds and the prominence of the familiar invoke a different temporality that can be but too aware of the crimes committed against humanity in the name of progress and development. I wonder how that political act of the unwilling gaze at one’s wounds and one’s memory reaffirms a notion of time thought to be over, but is not