12 research outputs found

    Arabidopsis thaliana cells: a model to evaluate the virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum.

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    Pectobacterium carotovorum are economically important plant pathogens that cause plant soft rot. These enterobacteria display high diversity world-wide. Their pathogenesis depends on production and secretion of virulence factors such as plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, type III effectors, a necrosis-inducing protein, and a secreted virulence factor from Xanthomonas spp., which are tightly regulated by quorum sensing. Pectobacterium carotovorum also present pathogen-associated molecular patterns that could participate in their pathogenicity. In this study, by using suspension cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, we correlate plant cell death and pectate lyase activities during coinfection with different P. carotovorum strains. When comparing soft rot symptoms induced on potato slices with pectate lyase activities and plant cell death observed during coculture with Arabidopsis thaliana cells, the order of strain virulence was found to be the same. Therefore, Arabidopsis thaliana cells could be an alternative tool to evaluate rapidly and efficiently the virulence of different P. carotovorum strains

    Study of the diversity of Pectobacterium spp and effects induced by lipopolysaccharide in plants

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    Les bactĂ©ries Pectobacterium sont classĂ©es parmi les agents pathogĂšnes les plus importants Ă©conomiquement pour la culture de la pomme de terre. Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, une augmentation des maladies dues Ă  ces bactĂ©ries a pu ĂȘtre observĂ©e. Le but de ce travail de thĂšse Ă©tait d’analyser certains aspects de la diversitĂ© liĂ©s aux Pectobacterium sp Ă  savoir : (i) la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique liĂ©e aux rĂ©gulateurs du pouvoir pathogĂšne de la bactĂ©rie (ii) la diversitĂ© de virulence et d’agressivitĂ© des souches de Pectobacterium vis-Ă -vis de leurs hĂŽtes et (iii). Le rĂŽle et la diversitĂ© des effets induits par le lipopolysaccharides (LPS), composants de la surface bactĂ©rienne de bactĂ©ries phytopathogĂšne ou non phytopathogĂšne. Ce travail de thĂšse souligne Ă©galement le rĂŽle potentiel que pourrait jouer ces molĂ©cules LPS dans le biocontrĂŽledes Pectobacterium sp. DiffĂ©rentes expĂ©rimentations cellulaires et molĂ©culaires allant de l’identification de la bactĂ©rie Ă  la comprĂ©hension des voies de signalisation ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de montrĂ©, en premier lieu que, le sĂ©quençage du gĂšne pmrA, gĂšne connu pour ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans la rĂ©gulation du pouvoir pathogĂšne desPectobacterium, est un outil molĂ©culaire complĂ©mentaire d’identification de sous espĂšces de Pcc et pourrait ĂȘtre aussi un moyen efficace d’évaluation de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique intraspĂ©cifique. Dans un second temps, nous avons montrĂ© que les cultures cellulaires d’Arabidopsis thaliana pourraient ĂȘtre un modĂšle vĂ©gĂ©tal d’évaluation de l’agressivitĂ© des Pectobacterium. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© obtenu par quantification des cinĂ©tiques de trois paramĂštres associĂ©s Ă  la pathogĂ©nie de ces bactĂ©ries Ă  savoir : l’activitĂ© des pectate-lyases, dĂ©terminant majeur du pouvoir pathogĂšne des Pcc, la fuite des Ă©lectrolytes, considĂ©rĂ©e comme un marqueur prĂ©coce de la mort cellulaire, et la mort cellulaire des cultures elle-mĂȘme. Enfin nous avons Ă©galement montrĂ© que les effets induits par les LPS chez les cellules d’Arabidopsis thaliana sont dĂ©pendant du type bactĂ©rien. En effet Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence trois types de rĂ©ponses diffĂ©rentes aux LPS en fonction de leur origine: les rĂ©ponses identiques (rĂ©gulation des flux d’ions), des rĂ©ponses communes mais prĂ©sentant des intensitĂ©s et de cinĂ©tiques diffĂ©rentes (production de ROS, induction de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense) et des rĂ©ponses spĂ©cifiques (induction d’une PCD, alcalinisation du milieu). Ces rĂ©sultats indiquent que diffĂ©rentes voies de signalisation pourraient ĂȘtre activĂ©es chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Ils nous ont permis Ă©galement de mieux comprendre l’implication des LPS dans le biocontrĂŽle contre les Pectobacterium sp.Pectobacterium are classified among the most economically important pathogens of culture of potato. Recently, an increase in diseases caused by these bacteria was observed. The work presented in this thesis has allowed highlighting some aspects on diversity associated with Pectobacterium sp namely: (i) genetic diversity related with the pathogenicity of thebacterium (ii) the diversity in virulence and aggressiveness of Pectobacterium strains on its hosts and (iii) the role and the diversity of effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial surface components of phytopathogenic and non- phytopathogenic bacteria. First, we have demonstrated that sequencing the pmrA gene, known to be involved in the regulation of pathogenicity of Pectobacterium, is an additional molecular tool for identification of Pectobacterium subspecies. Moreover, pmrA gene could be an effective tool for evaluation of genetic diversity within species. In a second time, we have showed that cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana, could be used as an alternative system to evaluate rapidly and efficiently the virulence of different Pectobacterium strains. This was achieved by quantification of different parameters associated to the pathogenesis of these bacteria namely, the activity of pectate lyases, major determinant of the pathogenicity of Pcc, the electrolyte leakage, considered an early marker of cell death and the cell death itself. Finally, our data further suggest the effects induced by LPS from different origin on Arabidopsis thaliana cells, could be different. Indeed, three different types of responses to LPS have been shown: the identical responses (regulation of ion flux), the common responses but having different intensities and kinetics (ROS production, induction defense genes) and specific responses (induction of PCD, alkalinization of the medium). These results indicate that different signaling pathways could be involved in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to LPS and allowed us to highlight the potential role of LPS in the biocontrol of Pectobacterium sp

    Etude de la diversité de Pectobacterium spp et des effets induits par les lipopolysaccharides chez les plantes

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    Pectobacterium are classified among the most economically important pathogens of culture of potato. Recently, an increase in diseases caused by these bacteria was observed. The work presented in this thesis has allowed highlighting some aspects on diversity associated with Pectobacterium sp namely: (i) genetic diversity related with the pathogenicity of thebacterium (ii) the diversity in virulence and aggressiveness of Pectobacterium strains on its hosts and (iii) the role and the diversity of effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial surface components of phytopathogenic and non- phytopathogenic bacteria. First, we have demonstrated that sequencing the pmrA gene, known to be involved in the regulation of pathogenicity of Pectobacterium, is an additional molecular tool for identification of Pectobacterium subspecies. Moreover, pmrA gene could be an effective tool for evaluation of genetic diversity within species. In a second time, we have showed that cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana, could be used as an alternative system to evaluate rapidly and efficiently the virulence of different Pectobacterium strains. This was achieved by quantification of different parameters associated to the pathogenesis of these bacteria namely, the activity of pectate lyases, major determinant of the pathogenicity of Pcc, the electrolyte leakage, considered an early marker of cell death and the cell death itself. Finally, our data further suggest the effects induced by LPS from different origin on Arabidopsis thaliana cells, could be different. Indeed, three different types of responses to LPS have been shown: the identical responses (regulation of ion flux), the common responses but having different intensities and kinetics (ROS production, induction defense genes) and specific responses (induction of PCD, alkalinization of the medium). These results indicate that different signaling pathways could be involved in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to LPS and allowed us to highlight the potential role of LPS in the biocontrol of Pectobacterium sp.Les bactĂ©ries Pectobacterium sont classĂ©es parmi les agents pathogĂšnes les plus importants Ă©conomiquement pour la culture de la pomme de terre. Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, une augmentation des maladies dues Ă  ces bactĂ©ries a pu ĂȘtre observĂ©e. Le but de ce travail de thĂšse Ă©tait d’analyser certains aspects de la diversitĂ© liĂ©s aux Pectobacterium sp Ă  savoir : (i) la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique liĂ©e aux rĂ©gulateurs du pouvoir pathogĂšne de la bactĂ©rie (ii) la diversitĂ© de virulence et d’agressivitĂ© des souches de Pectobacterium vis-Ă -vis de leurs hĂŽtes et (iii). Le rĂŽle et la diversitĂ© des effets induits par le lipopolysaccharides (LPS), composants de la surface bactĂ©rienne de bactĂ©ries phytopathogĂšne ou non phytopathogĂšne. Ce travail de thĂšse souligne Ă©galement le rĂŽle potentiel que pourrait jouer ces molĂ©cules LPS dans le biocontrĂŽledes Pectobacterium sp. DiffĂ©rentes expĂ©rimentations cellulaires et molĂ©culaires allant de l’identification de la bactĂ©rie Ă  la comprĂ©hension des voies de signalisation ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de montrĂ©, en premier lieu que, le sĂ©quençage du gĂšne pmrA, gĂšne connu pour ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans la rĂ©gulation du pouvoir pathogĂšne desPectobacterium, est un outil molĂ©culaire complĂ©mentaire d’identification de sous espĂšces de Pcc et pourrait ĂȘtre aussi un moyen efficace d’évaluation de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique intraspĂ©cifique. Dans un second temps, nous avons montrĂ© que les cultures cellulaires d’Arabidopsis thaliana pourraient ĂȘtre un modĂšle vĂ©gĂ©tal d’évaluation de l’agressivitĂ© des Pectobacterium. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© obtenu par quantification des cinĂ©tiques de trois paramĂštres associĂ©s Ă  la pathogĂ©nie de ces bactĂ©ries Ă  savoir : l’activitĂ© des pectate-lyases, dĂ©terminant majeur du pouvoir pathogĂšne des Pcc, la fuite des Ă©lectrolytes, considĂ©rĂ©e comme un marqueur prĂ©coce de la mort cellulaire, et la mort cellulaire des cultures elle-mĂȘme. Enfin nous avons Ă©galement montrĂ© que les effets induits par les LPS chez les cellules d’Arabidopsis thaliana sont dĂ©pendant du type bactĂ©rien. En effet Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence trois types de rĂ©ponses diffĂ©rentes aux LPS en fonction de leur origine: les rĂ©ponses identiques (rĂ©gulation des flux d’ions), des rĂ©ponses communes mais prĂ©sentant des intensitĂ©s et de cinĂ©tiques diffĂ©rentes (production de ROS, induction de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense) et des rĂ©ponses spĂ©cifiques (induction d’une PCD, alcalinisation du milieu). Ces rĂ©sultats indiquent que diffĂ©rentes voies de signalisation pourraient ĂȘtre activĂ©es chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Ils nous ont permis Ă©galement de mieux comprendre l’implication des LPS dans le biocontrĂŽle contre les Pectobacterium sp

    Etude de la diversité de Pectobacterium spp et des effets induits par les lipopolysaccharides chez les plantes

    No full text
    Les bactĂ©ries Pectobacterium sont classĂ©es parmi les agents pathogĂšnes les plus importants Ă©conomiquement pour la culture de la pomme de terre. Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, une augmentation des maladies dues Ă  ces bactĂ©ries a pu ĂȘtre observĂ©e. Le but de ce travail de thĂšse Ă©tait d analyser certains aspects de la diversitĂ© liĂ©s aux Pectobacterium sp Ă  savoir : (i) la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique liĂ©e aux rĂ©gulateurs du pouvoir pathogĂšne de la bactĂ©rie (ii) la diversitĂ© de virulence et d agressivitĂ© des souches de Pectobacterium vis-Ă -vis de leurs hĂŽtes et (iii). Le rĂŽle et la diversitĂ© des effets induits par le lipopolysaccharides (LPS), composants de la surface bactĂ©rienne de bactĂ©ries phytopathogĂšne ou non phytopathogĂšne. Ce travail de thĂšse souligne Ă©galement le rĂŽle potentiel que pourrait jouer ces molĂ©cules LPS dans le biocontrĂŽledes Pectobacterium sp. DiffĂ©rentes expĂ©rimentations cellulaires et molĂ©culaires allant de l identification de la bactĂ©rie Ă  la comprĂ©hension des voies de signalisation ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de montrĂ©, en premier lieu que, le sĂ©quençage du gĂšne pmrA, gĂšne connu pour ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans la rĂ©gulation du pouvoir pathogĂšne desPectobacterium, est un outil molĂ©culaire complĂ©mentaire d identification de sous espĂšces de Pcc et pourrait ĂȘtre aussi un moyen efficace d Ă©valuation de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique intraspĂ©cifique. Dans un second temps, nous avons montrĂ© que les cultures cellulaires d Arabidopsis thaliana pourraient ĂȘtre un modĂšle vĂ©gĂ©tal d Ă©valuation de l agressivitĂ© des Pectobacterium. Ceci a Ă©tĂ© obtenu par quantification des cinĂ©tiques de trois paramĂštres associĂ©s Ă  la pathogĂ©nie de ces bactĂ©ries Ă  savoir : l activitĂ© des pectate-lyases, dĂ©terminant majeur du pouvoir pathogĂšne des Pcc, la fuite des Ă©lectrolytes, considĂ©rĂ©e comme un marqueur prĂ©coce de la mort cellulaire, et la mort cellulaire des cultures elle-mĂȘme. Enfin nous avons Ă©galement montrĂ© que les effets induits par les LPS chez les cellules d Arabidopsis thaliana sont dĂ©pendant du type bactĂ©rien. En effet Les rĂ©sultats obtenus nous ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence trois types de rĂ©ponses diffĂ©rentes aux LPS en fonction de leur origine: les rĂ©ponses identiques (rĂ©gulation des flux d ions), des rĂ©ponses communes mais prĂ©sentant des intensitĂ©s et de cinĂ©tiques diffĂ©rentes (production de ROS, induction de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense) et des rĂ©ponses spĂ©cifiques (induction d une PCD, alcalinisation du milieu). Ces rĂ©sultats indiquent que diffĂ©rentes voies de signalisation pourraient ĂȘtre activĂ©es chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Ils nous ont permis Ă©galement de mieux comprendre l implication des LPS dans le biocontrĂŽle contre les Pectobacterium sp.Pectobacterium are classified among the most economically important pathogens of culture of potato. Recently, an increase in diseases caused by these bacteria was observed. The work presented in this thesis has allowed highlighting some aspects on diversity associated with Pectobacterium sp namely: (i) genetic diversity related with the pathogenicity of thebacterium (ii) the diversity in virulence and aggressiveness of Pectobacterium strains on its hosts and (iii) the role and the diversity of effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial surface components of phytopathogenic and non- phytopathogenic bacteria. First, we have demonstrated that sequencing the pmrA gene, known to be involved in the regulation of pathogenicity of Pectobacterium, is an additional molecular tool for identification of Pectobacterium subspecies. Moreover, pmrA gene could be an effective tool for evaluation of genetic diversity within species. In a second time, we have showed that cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana, could be used as an alternative system to evaluate rapidly and efficiently the virulence of different Pectobacterium strains. This was achieved by quantification of different parameters associated to the pathogenesis of these bacteria namely, the activity of pectate lyases, major determinant of the pathogenicity of Pcc, the electrolyte leakage, considered an early marker of cell death and the cell death itself. Finally, our data further suggest the effects induced by LPS from different origin on Arabidopsis thaliana cells, could be different. Indeed, three different types of responses to LPS have been shown: the identical responses (regulation of ion flux), the common responses but having different intensities and kinetics (ROS production, induction defense genes) and specific responses (induction of PCD, alkalinization of the medium). These results indicate that different signaling pathways could be involved in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to LPS and allowed us to highlight the potential role of LPS in the biocontrol of Pectobacterium sp.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Analysis of amino acid motif of penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 2b, and 2x in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae nonsusceptible to penicillin isolated from pediatric patients in Casablanca, Morocco

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    Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the nature of the amino acid motifs found in PBPs of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in invasive diseases from pediatric patients at Casablanca, Morocco. Five penicillin-susceptible (PSSP), ten penicillin-intermediate (PISP), and fifteen penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) were studied by PCR–RFLP and DNA sequencing of the pbp1a, − 2b, and − 2x genes. Results There were no changes in the conserved motifs of PBP1a, PBP2b and PBP2x for PSSP strains. Substitution close to PBP1a conserved motifs were found in all PRSP isolates and six/five PISP. Analysis of PBP2b showed that all but one of the 10 PISP strains and all PRSP had substitutions. Substitution close to PBP2x motifs showed that all but three of the 10 PISP strains and all PRSP had substitutions in tow conserved motifs. A total of 6, 11 and 10 genotypes were found after analysis of pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x, respectively. The penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolated in Casablanca share most amino acid substitutions of those reported worldwide, but they occurred among pneumococci with low level resistance to b-lactams

    Deciphering the dual effect of lipopolysaccharides from plant pathogenic Pectobacterium

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    International audienceLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a component of the outer cell surface of almost all Gram-negative bacteria and play an essential role for bacterial growth and survival. Lipopolysaccharides represent typical microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules and have been reported to induce defense-related responses, including the expression of defense genes and the suppression of the hypersensitive response in plants. However, depending on their origin and the challenged plant, LPS were shown to have complex and different roles. In this study we showed that LPS from plant pathogens Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum induce common and different responses in A. thaliana cells when compared to those induced by LPS from non-phytopathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among common responses to both types of LPS are the transcription of defense genes and their ability to limit of cell death induced by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum. However, the differential kinetics and amplitude in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation seemed to regulate defense gene transcription and be determinant to induce programmed cell death in response to LPS from the plant pathogenic Pectobacterium. These data suggest that different signaling pathways could be activated by LPS in A. thaliana cells

    Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine

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    Resistance to antimicrobials and particularly multidrug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the health system nowadays. The continual increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance worldwide boosted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major public health threat. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance and control this threat, but the question still lingers as to their safety and efficiency. In this context, new anti-infectious approaches against multidrug resistance are being examined. Use of new antibiotics and their combination with new β-lactamase inhibitors, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. In this review, we provide insights into these emerging alternative therapies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to break the progression of antimicrobial resistance. We focus on their advantages and limitations and potential application in medicine. We further highlight the importance of the combination therapy approach, wherein two or more therapies are used in combination in order to more effectively combat infectious disease and increasing access to quality healthcare. These advances could give an alternate solution to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. We eventually hope to provide useful information for clinicians who are seeking solutions to the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance

    Deciphering the dual effect of lipopolysaccharides from plant pathogenic <i>Pectobacterium</i>

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    <div><p>Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a component of the outer cell surface of almost all Gram-negative bacteria and play an essential role for bacterial growth and survival. Lipopolysaccharides represent typical microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules and have been reported to induce defense-related responses, including the expression of defense genes and the suppression of the hypersensitive response in plants. However, depending on their origin and the challenged plant, LPS were shown to have complex and different roles. In this study we showed that LPS from plant pathogens <i>Pectobacterium atrosepticum</i> and <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum</i> induce common and different responses in <i>A. thaliana</i> cells when compared to those induced by LPS from non-phytopathogens <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Among common responses to both types of LPS are the transcription of defense genes and their ability to limit of cell death induced by <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum</i>. However, the differential kinetics and amplitude in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation seemed to regulate defense gene transcription and be determinant to induce programmed cell death in response to LPS from the plant pathogenic <i>Pectobacterium</i>. These data suggest that different signaling pathways could be activated by LPS in <i>A. thaliana</i> cells.</p></div
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