31 research outputs found

    PREJUDICE TOWARD MUSLIM AMERICANS AND AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION

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    This dissertation attempts to answer an important question: What explains prejudice toward Muslim Americans in contemporary American society? Through a new theoretical framework --- the ``Band of Others,'' --- I empirically show that attitudes toward Muslim Americans follow an ethnocentric pattern. Those who dislike other minorities such as blacks, Latinos, Asians, Jews, homosexuals, illegal immigrants, and people on welfare are prejudiced against Muslims as well. I find evidence that attitudes toward the Band of Others are highly stable and not radically altered by dramatic events. The ethnocentric structure that explains anti-Muslim prejudice was not affected by the September 11 terrorist attacks. I also find that the band of others plays a more important role in determining vote choice for hypothetical Muslim candidates than political orientations, authoritarian personality, and religious traditionalism. The subsequent empirical evidence also suggests that prejudice toward the band of others shaped the tendency to think Barack Obama is a Muslim -- a salient rumor during the 2008 presidential election. I also find evidence that suggests the misperception about Barack Obama's faith was electorally consequential. This research also shows that the band of others is a powerful dynamic among Muslim Americans as well. As Muslim Americans grow less prejudice toward non-Muslims, homosexuals, and interfaith marriage, they are more likely to become integrated into American society. In the conclusion, I discussed the normative implications of the band of others for democracy in America

    A study on political economy of peripheral and advanced capitalism : a simultaneous transformation with different results in the post-1980 United States, United Kingdom and Turkey

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    Cataloged from PDF version of article.This thesis focuses on the post-1980 neo-liberal transformation experienced in the United States, the United Kingdom and Turkey. These are the countries which started to implement neo-liberal policies simultaneously under Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher and Turgut Özal administrations. I developed a political economy outlook on these countries in such a fashion that compares welfare state implementations to neo-liberal policies. After having analyzed four main macroeconomic indicators which are real GDP growth, inflation rates, real interest rates and real wage rates in three countries, we see that the outcomes of the transformation were sharply different in the advanced capitalist countries, namely the United States and the United Kingdom, from those of in peripheral countries like Turkey.Kalkan, Kerem OzanM.S

    Predictors of mortality in patients with prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: A nation-wide multicenter study

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    Background: Our aim was to investigate the clinical and prognostic features of the patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in a multicenter nation-wide study.Methods: The present nation-wide study consisted of 75 consecutive patients with PVE treatedat 13 major hospitals in Turkey from 2005 to 2012.Results: The patients who died during follow-up were significantly older than the survivors and had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, poor NYHA functional class and large vegetations. High creatinine level (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–6.13), poor functional status (OR 24.5; 95% CI 3.1–196.5) and high CRP (OR 1.02; 95% CI1.00–1.03) measured on admission were independent risk associates for in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: High creatinine level, poor functional status and high CRP measured on admission were independent risk associates for in-hospital mortality, whereas a NYHA class ofIII/IV and high CRP reflected independent risk for stroke/mortality end point

    Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

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    Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

    Spatial analysis of contemporary Turkish elections: a comprehensive approach

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    This study offers a comprehensive approach to spatial analysis of parliamentary elections in Turkey since 2002. Using advanced spatial models, we find that electoral competitiveness and concentration mostly stabilized in the Western subprovinces whereas they are still in flux in the Eastern and Southern regions. There is an increasing level of geographically dependent concentration and competitiveness in recent elections, particularly in the 2015 elections (June and November). Our analyses also show that while the ruling AKP party has become the party of all regions, its competitors (CHP, MHP, and HDP) exhibit a narrowing geographical appeal

    Türkiye'de Siyasi Rekabet ve Yogunlasma Indeksi

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    Bu projenin temel amaci, Türkiye'de olusan siyasi yapiyi, cografi olarak yapitaslarina ayirmak ve bu yapiyi cografi rekabet ve yogunlasma indekslerine ayirmaktir. Ilk asamada farkli seçim senelerindeki ilçe bazindaki oylama sonuçlari toplanarak, haritalandirilacak ve Türkiye'nin seneler içinde degisen siyasi yapisi ortaya konacaktir. Arastirmanin bir sonraki asamasinda ilk asamada olusturulan haritalar kullanilarak, Türkiye'deki farkli il ve ilçelerinde parti yapisinin ne kadar rekabetçi veya yogunlasmaci oldugu bir indeks yardimiyla ortaya konacak ve bu indekslerin seneler içindeki gelisimi incelenecektir. Arastirmanin son bölümünde siyasi yogunlasmanin, siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik kutuplasmayla olan iliskisi incelenecek, ve bu faktörler arasindaki korelasyon iliskisi test edilecektir. Ilçeler seviyesindeki sosyo ekonomik veri bankasini kullanacagimiz çalismanin bu asamasinda, politik yogunlasmanin kutuplasmayla iliskisi kadar, ayni zamanda poltik yogunlasmanin ve kutuplasmanin hangi sosyoekonomik veriler tarafindan tahmin edilebildigi ve belirlendigi ortaya konacaktir. Politik ve ekonomik arastirmanin ortak kümesinde gerçeklesen bu çalisma, yogunlasma ve rekabet indeksi gibi temel olarak ekonomik tanimlari Türkiye'deki politlk gelismeleri anlamak amaciyla politik degerleri uyarlayacak, ve verimli bir disiplinlerarasi çalismanin ilk adimlarini olusturacaktir. Daha sonra bu alanda çalisacak arastirmacilara da yararli olacak bir veri ve harita bankasi olusturmayi amaçlayan bu çalisma, ekonomik ve politik cografyanin Türkiye özelindeki iliskisini arastiran ilk örnegini vererek, son zamanlardaki gelismekte olan bu iki alan için de önemli bir gelisme olacaktir

    Replication data for: Behind the Curve: Clarifying the Best Approach to Calculating Predicted Probabilities and Marginal Effects from Limited Dependent Variable Models

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    Models designed for limited dependent variables are increasingly common in political science. Researchers estimating such models often give little attention to the coefficient estimates and instead focus on marginal effects, predicted probabilities, predicted counts, etc. Since the models are nonlinear, the estimated effects are sensitive to how one generates the predictions. The most common approach involves estimating the effect for the “average case.” But this approach creates a weaker connection between the results and the larger goals of the research enterprise and is thus less preferable than the observed value approach. That is, rather than seeking to understand the effect for the average case, the goal is to obtain an estimate of the average effect in the population. In addition to the theoretical argument in favor of the observed value approach, we illustrate via an empirical example and Monte Carlo simulations that the two approaches can produce substantively different results
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