Senior Percussion Recital: Kent Wehman, Percussion; Pam Jirik, Piano; Helen Zamie, Viola; May 5, 1975

Centennial East Recital HallMonday EveningMay 5, 19758:15 p.m

Cannabidiol and the Remainder of the Plant Extract Modulate the Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Fear Memory Reconsolidation

Background: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, a CB1 receptor agonist) and Cannabidiol (CBD, a non-competitive antagonist of endogenous CB1 and CB2 ligands) are two primary components of Cannabis species, and may modulate fear learning in mammals. The CB1 receptor is widely distributed throughout the cortex and some limbic regions typically associated with fear learning. Humans with posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) have widespread upregulation of CB1 receptor density and reduced availability of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, suggesting a role for the endocannabinoid system in PTSD. Pharmacological blockade of memory reconsolidation following recall of a conditioned response modulates the expression of learned fear and may represent a viable target for the development of new treatments for PTSD. In this study, we focused on assessing the impact of the key compounds of the marijuana plant both singly and, more importantly, in concert on attenuation of learned fear. Specifically, we assessed the impact of THC, CBD, and/or the remaining plant materials (post-extraction; background material), on reconsolidation of learned fear. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received six 1.0 mA continuous foot shocks (contextual training). Twenty-four hours later, rats were re-exposed to the context. Immediately following memory retrieval (recall) rats received oral administration of low dose THC, high dose THC, CBD, CBD + low THC, CBD + high THC [as isolated phytochemicals and, in separate experiments, in combination with plant background material (BM)]. Rodents were tested for freezing response context re-exposure at 24 h and 7 days following training. Results: CBD alone, but not THC alone, significantly attenuated fear memory reconsolidation when administered immediately after recall. The effect persisted for at least 7 days. A combination of CBD and THC also attenuated the fear response. Plant BM also significantly attenuated reconsolidation of learned fear both on its own and in combination with THC and CBD. Finally, THC attenuated reconsolidation of learned fear only when co-administered with CBD or plant BM. Conclusion: CBD may provide a novel treatment strategy for targeting fear-memories. Furthermore, plant BM also significantly attenuated the fear response. However, whereas THC alone had no significant effects, its effects were modulated by the addition of other compounds. Future research should investigate some of the other components present in the plant BM (such as terpenes) for their effects alone, or in combination with isolated pure cannabinoids, on fear learning

Be a Digital Survivor: Digitize, Share and Preserve

Are you feeling marooned on your own island? You are not alone. Is your tribe facing challenges, such as time, funding, preservation and storage? Looking to achieve the reward of providing access to and preserving your digital collections? Join these Minnesota digital survivors as they share their quest to digitize, preserve, and showcase their digital objects by using the open source Islandora digital asset management system, customized and supported by PALS. Together these tribes, along with the Islandora community, have formed alliances where they learn from, share with and collaborate to enrich their digital collections. Each tribe will share their journey, experiences, and advice on building digital repositories. Become a Digital Survivor and learn how you too can take the first steps toward building a bridge off your island

Learning Across A Lifetime of Learning: Stages of Teacher Development

This study presents a conceptual framework for examining the developmental stages of teachers and illustrates the differences found in student teachers as they develop. The research illustrates how by assessing a teacher candidate’s own perception of importance, mastery, and desire to improve, an instrument can be used to prioritize needs at different points of a teacher’s career as well as identify stages of development. The statistical data, analysis, and interpretation of a study utilizing the Teacher Need Assessment Questionnaire (TNAQ) with teacher candidates is displayed

Determining and Measuring Self-Efficacy During the Student Teaching Semester

Self-efficacy is the belief that an individual is able to control the outcomes of potentially stressful situations. How teacher candidates feel about their ability to control new challenges can affect their performance in the classroom. Those with a poorer sense of self-efficacy may believe situations are out of their control. A more positive sense of perceived self-efficacy can lead to more positive outcomes. This article reports the results of a teacher self-efficacy scale administered to elementary and secondary teacher candidates at the beginning and end of their student teaching semester. Findings suggest that perceived self-efficacy among student teachers increases throughout the course of the student teaching experience

Islandora: An Open Source Institutional Repository Solution

In the summer of 2013, Southwest Minnesota State University and Minneapolis College of Art and Design joined PALS as development partners for the Islandora Digital Repository Project. Islandora uses common open source components such as Drupal, Apache, and SOLR to build a dynamic, robust, and customizable Institutional Repository. This session will include a demonstration of Islandora and a discussion of the project, challenges, lessons learned, and successes. There will also be time for questions and answers about Islandora and PALS’ Islandora services. PALS’ goal is to provide Islandora to Minnesota libraries and archives

Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape province, South Africa

Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates.Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1)

An empirical analysis of the financial structure of small and large Australian manufacturing enterprises

The small business literature frequently refers to the concept of a “finance gap” in order to explain differences in the capital structures of small and large firms. However, little evidence, if any, exists to support this “finance gap” explanation. This paper, while canvassing the finance gap literature, offers an alternative explanation —Myers’ Pecking Order Framework. This framework focuses on management funding preferences as a major factor in the capital structure of firms. In order to test the applicability of this view, a mail survey was conducted for small and large firms operating in the Metal Trades sub-sector of the Australian Manufacturing sector. The responses provided detailed information on the types of debt used by small and large firms. While recognizing the limitations of mail surveys and the restricted information permissible in such surveys, the results provide a unique opportunity to compare the capital structures of small and large firms. Overall, the results support the proposition that capital structure is influenced by Myers’ Pecking Order Framework and that differences between small and large firms may be attributed to small firms operating under a “constrained” pecking order

ARE BOMBESIN-LIKE PEPTIDES INVOLVED IN THE MEDIATION OF STRESS RESPONSE?

The neurochemical mechanisms underlying the coincident activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress remain unclear. Central injection of the neuropeptide bombesin (BN) potently stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, and elicits behaviors typically associated with increased emotionality and arousal. The current studies assessed whether stress is associated with 1) fluctuations in the endogenous regional levels of BN-like peptides and/or 2) changes in BN receptor density. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either no treatment or were subjected to acute immobilization stress for 10, 30 or 120 min. Plasma ACTH levels increased in response to stress, peaking at 30 min. BN-like immunoreactivity increased significantly at the hypothalamus and medulla, within 30 min; however with more sustained immobilization (120 min) BN-like immunoreactivity declined to control levels. Levels of BN-like peptides remained unchanged in several other regions, including the hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, pituitary, and pons. Autoradiographic analysis revealed that the density of BN receptor varied in a regionally specific manner. Significant stress related increases in binding were found at the nucleus of the solitary tract (at 30 and 120 min), and at the paraventricular (at 120 min) and arcuate nuclei (at 120 min) of the hypothalamus. These data indicate the BN-like peptides may play a role in the mediation and/or modulation of response to stress

The Australian differential reporting debate : a survey of practitioners

This paper reports the findings of an investigation into issues surrounding the differential reporting debate. This debate was formalised in Australia by the promulgation of the Australian Accounting Research Foundation's Exposure Draft 48—Proposed Statement of Differential Reporting. However, the foundation has chosen not to provide guidance as to the standards considered applicable to non-reporting entities with its differential reporting proposal. A postal survey of practising accountants across Australia examined the respondents' perceptions as to the standards applicable to firms varied by size and legal structure. The paper provides initial empirical results indicating the way in which practitioners will apply standards under the differential reporting provisions proposed in the exposure draft and raises questions for future research