Backlash Against International Courts in West, East and Southern Africa: Causes and Consequences

This paper discusses three credible attempts by African governments to restrict the jurisdiction of three similarly-situated sub-regional courts in response to politically controversial rulings. In West Africa, when the ECOWAS Court upheld allegations of torture by opposition journalists in the Gambia, that country’s political leaders sought to restrict the Court’s power to review human rights complaints. The other member states ultimately defeated the Gambia’s proposal. In East Africa, Kenya failed in its efforts to eliminate the EACJ and to remove some of its judges after a decision challenging an election to a sub-regional legislature. However, the member states agreed to restructure the EACJ in ways that have significantly affected the court’s subsequent trajectory. In Southern Africa, after the SADC Tribunal ruled in favor of white farmers in disputes over land seizure, Zimbabwe prevailed upon SADC member states to suspend the Tribunal and strip its power to review complaints from private litigants. Variations in the mobilization efforts of Community secretariats, civil society groups and sub-regional Parliaments explain why efforts to eliminate the three courts or narrow their jurisdiction were defeated in ECOWAS, scaled back in the EAC, and largely succeeded in SADC

Dilemmas of the Hungarian-Serbian crossborder area from the perspective of the labour market

Variable angle Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to study the properties of light reflected from the exoskeleton (cuticle) of the scarab beetle Cotinis mutabilis. For unpolarized incident light, the ellipticity and degree of polarization of the reflected light reveal a lefthanded helical structure in the beetle cuticle. Analysis of the spectral position of the maxima and minima in the interference oscillations of the Mueller-matrix elements provides evidence for a dispersion relation similar to that of optical modes in chiral nematic liquid crystals calculated within a two-wave approximation. Additionally, a structural model for the cuticle of C. mutabilis is derived from the properties of the optical modes for nonattenuated propagation or selective reflection

Exploiting the Feller Coupling for the Ewens Sampling Formula

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Institute of Mathematical Statistics via http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-STS53

Iridescence mimicking in fabrics: a ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy study

Poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) photonic crystals (PCs), with five different sizes (170, 190, 210, 230 and 250 nm), were applied onto three plain fabrics, namely polyamide, polyester and cotton. The PC-coated fabrics were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy and two UV/Vis reflectance spectrophotometric techniques (integrating sphere and scatterometry) to evaluate the PCs’ self-assembly along with the obtained spectral and colors characteristics. Results showed that surface roughness of the fabrics had a major influence on the color produced by PCs. Polyamide-coated fabrics were the only samples having an iridescent effect, producing more vivid and brilliant colors than polyester and cotton samples. It was observed that as the angle of incident light increases, a hypsochromic shift in the reflection peak occurs along with the formation of new reflection peaks. Furthermore, color behavior simulations were performed with an illuminant A light source on polyamide samples. The illuminant A simulation showed greener and yellower structural colors than those illuminated with D50. The polyester and cotton samples were analyzed using scatterometry to check for iridescence, which was unseen upon ocular inspection and then proven to be present in these samples. This work allowed a better comprehension of how structural colors and their iridescence are affected by the textile substrate morphology and fiber type.This research was funded by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTS), project UID/CTM/00264/2021 and PhD grant SFRH/BD/145269/2019

Метаболические изменения у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией на фоне рациональной гипотензивной фармакотерапии

ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЯ /ЛЕК ТЕРКРОВЕНОСНЫХ СОСУДОВ БОЛЕЗНИОБМЕНА ВЕЩЕСТВ БОЛЕЗНИМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЙ СИНДРОМ XАНТИГИПЕРТЕНЗИВНЫЕ СРЕДСТВАЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ ТЕРАПИ

Проблемы планирования и реализации стратегии сбыта на предприятии вследствие влияния национального менталитета на процесс тендерных торгов

Материалы VII междунар. науч. конф., 26-27 мая 2011 г

Особенности организации обратной связи в педагогическом взаимодействии преподавателя и студента в современном вузе

ВЫСШИЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯУНИВЕРСИТЕТЫСТУДЕНТЫПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИ ВУЗОВОБРАТНАЯ СВЯЗЬКОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИОБЩЕНИЕПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕМЕЖЛИЧНОСТНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯУЧЕБНО-ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИ

Neutral shielding and cloaking of magnetic fields using isotropic media

A method for designing magnetic shields that do not perturb applied multipole fields in the static regime is developed. Cylindrical core-shell structures with two layers characterized by homogeneous isotropic permeabilities are found to support neutral shielding of multipole fields and unique cloaking solutions of arbitrary multipole order. An extra degree of freedom is provided by every layer added to the structure which may be exploited with an effective design formula for cloaking of additional field terms. The theory is illustrated with numerical simulations

Neutral inclusions for diffusive acoustic fields

We predict scattering cancellation in diffusive transport of acoustics waves propagating through multiple scattering media in the stationary limit. This would enable sensing of diffusive sound without disrupting the exterior acoustic field. We present design schemes for making spherical or cylindrical core-shell structures with multiple layers, characterized by homogenous and isotropic diffusion coefficients, neutral to an arbitrary applied multipole field. The double-layered sphere is found to support transparency to two concurrent multipole fields and unique cloaking solutions of arbitrary multipole order. One extra degree of freedom is provided by every layer added to the core-shell structure which may be exploited with our iterative formula for effective diffusivity for cloaking of additional field terms. From this we pass over to the long wavelength limit of ballistic sound and provide formulas for effective mass densities of multi-layered structures in spherical and cylindrical geometries with respect to multipole pressure fields. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved