Smoking and cancer, cardiovascular and total mortality among older adults: The Finrisk Study

Little information is available about the deleterious effect of smoking in older adults The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of smoking habits with cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality in late middle-age (45–64 years) and older (65–74) people. This cohort study of 6516 men and 6514 women studied the relationship of smoking habits with cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older Finnish men and women during 1997–2013. The study cohort was followed up until the end of 2013 (median follow-up time was 11.8 years). Mortality data were obtained from the National Causes of Death Register and data on incident stroke events from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Adjusted Hazard ratios (HR) for total mortality were 2.61 (95% Confidence interval 2.15–3.18) among 45–64 years-old men and 2.59 (2.03–3.29) in 65–74 years-old men. The corresponding HRs for women 45–64 years-of-age were 3.21 (2.47–4.19) and 3.12 (2.09–4.68) for those 65–74 years-old, respectively. Adjusted HRs for CVD mortality in the 45–64 years-old and 65–74 years-old groups were 2.67 (1.92–2.67) and 1.95 (1.33–2.86) in men, and 4.28 (2.29–7.99) and 2.67 (1.28–5.58) in women, respectively. Among men, the risk difference between never and current smokers was 108/100.000 in the age-group 45–64 years, and 324/100.000 in the age group 65–74 years. Among women the differences were 52/100.000 and 196/100.000, respectively. In conclusion, absolute risk difference between never and current smokers are larger among the older age group. Smoking cessation counseling should routinely target also older adults in primary health-care.Peer reviewe

Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet is associated with weight change during 7 years of follow-up

Studies indicate that the healthy Nordic diet may improve heart health, but its relation to weight change is less clear. We studied the association between the adherence to the healthy Nordic diet and long-term changes in weight, BMI and waist circumference. Furthermore, the agreement between self-reported and measured body anthropometrics was examined. The population-based DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome Study in 2007 included 5024 Finns aged 25-75 years. The follow-up was conducted in 2014 (n 3735). One-third of the participants were invited to a health examination. The rest were sent measuring tape and written instructions along with questionnaires. The Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was used to measure adherence to the healthy Nordic diet. Association of the baseline BSDS and changes in BSDS during the follow-up with changes in body anthropometrics were examined using linear regression analysis. The agreement between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics was determined with Bland-Altman analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficients between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics exceeded 0.95. The baseline BSDS associated with lower weight (beta = -0.056, P = 0.043) and BMI (beta = -0.021, P=0.031) over the follow-up. This association was especially evident among those who had increased their BSDS. In conclusion, both high initial and improved adherence to the healthy Nordic diet may promote long-term weight maintenance. The self-reported/measured anthropometrics were shown to have high agreement with nurse-measured values which adds the credibility of our results.Peer reviewe

Aikuisten ruokavalinnat ja sosioekonomiset erot Suomessa

Koulutuksen on todettu edistävän suositeltavien ruokavalintojen toteutumista. Tämän artikkelin tarkoituksena on selvittää tulotason, perherakenteen ja työllisyyden yhteyttä ruokavalintoihin koulutuksen ohella. FINRISKI 2007 –tutkimus toteutettiin viidellä alueella lomaketietojen keruun ja terveystarkastukset sisältävänä. Terveystarkastukseen kutsuttiin 7600 työikäistä, joista 64 prosenttia osallistui sekä terveystarkastukseen että täytti kyselylomakkeen. Tämän tutkimuksen analyysit toteutettiin 5140 henkilöllä, joilta saatiin kaikki tiedot ruokavalinnoista, sosiaalisesta taustasta ja pituuden ja painosta. Pieni tulotaso liittyi vähäisempään kasvisten, vähärasvaisen juuston ja maidon sekä ruisleivän päivittäiskäyttöön sekä naisilla että miehillä. Lyhyt koulutus ja pieni tulotaso selittivät vähäisempää kasvisten päivittäiskäyttöä kaikkien sosiaalisen taustan muuttujien mallissa. Hedelmien ja marjojen vähäisempi päivittäiskäyttö sekä runsaampi sokeroitujen virvoitusjuomien käyttö selittyivät pienellä koulutuksella kun tulos vakioitiin kaikilla sosiaalisen taustan muuttujilla. Lapsiperheessä asuminen liittyi naisilla runsaampaan kasvisten päivittäiskäyttöön, mutta miehillä runsaampaan sokeroitujen virvoitusjuomien päivittäiskäyttöön. Tulokset vahvistavat aikaisemmat tiedot koulutus- ja tulotason ratkaisevasta roolista suositusten mukaisissa ruokavalinnoissa

24-h urinary sodium excretion and the risk of adverse outcomes

Aims: The objective was to evaluate whether sodium intake, assessed with the gold standard 24-h urinary collections, was related to long-term incidence of death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods:A cohort of 4630 individuals aged 25-64 years collected 24-h urine samples in 1979-2002 and were followed up to 14 years for the incidence of any CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF) and DM event, and death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the baseline salt intake and incident events and adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, prevalent DM, and stratified by sex and cohort baseline year. Results: During the follow-up, we observed 423 deaths, 424 CVD events (288 CHD events, 142 strokes, 139 HF events) and 161 DM events. Compared with the highest quartile of salt intake, persons in the lowest quartile had a lower incidence of CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.95,p = .02), CHD (HR 0.63 [95% CI 0.42-0.94],p = .02) and DM (HR 0.52 [95% CI 0.31-0.87],p = .01). The results were non-significant for mortality, HF, and stroke. Conclusion: High sodium intake is associated with an increased incidence of CVD and DM.Peer reviewe

Socioeconomic Indicators and the Risk of Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events: Comparison of Population-Based Data from the United States and Finland

We wished to determine whether a gradient of association of low socioeconomic status with incidence of coronary heart disease was present in two population-based cohorts, one from United States the other from Finland

Association between overall diet quality and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in five Finnish cohort studies

There is limited evidence for any dietary factor, except alcohol, in breast cancer (BC) risk. Therefore, studies on a whole diet, using diet quality indices, can broaden our insight. We examined associations of the Nordic Diet (mNDI), Mediterranean diet (mMEDI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI) with postmenopausal BC risk. Five Finnish cohorts were combined including 6374 postmenopausal women with dietary information. In all, 8-9 dietary components were aggregated in each index, higher total score indicating higher adherence to a healthy diet. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk. During an average 10-year follow-up period, 274 incident postmenopausal BC cases were diagnosed. In multivariable models, the HR for highest vs. lowest quintile of index was 0.67 (95 %CI 0.48-1.01) for mNDI, 0.88 (0.59-1.30) for mMEDI and 0.89 (0.60-1.32) for mAHEI. In this combined dataset, a borderline preventive finding of high adherence to mNDI on postmenopausal BC risk was found. Of the indices, mNDI was more based on the local food culture than the others. Although a healthy diet has beneficially been related to several chronic diseases, the link with the etiology of postmenopausal BC does not seem to be that obvious.Peer reviewe

FINRISKI 2002 : Tutkimus kroonisten kansantautien riskitekijöistä, niihin liittyvistä elintavoista, oireista, psykososiaalisista tekijöistä ja terveyspalvelujen käytöstä : tutkimuksen toteutus ja tulokset 2 : Taulukkoliite

Sama sarjanumero kuin perusraportilla. Tästä tutkimuksen Perusraporttiin</a