Age-related declines in muscle and respiratory function are proportionate to declines in performance in Master Track Cyclists

Purpose Respiratory and musculoskeletal function decline with age, irrespective of physical activity levels. Previous work has suggested that the age-related rate of decline in function of these two systems might be similar, but it is not known to what extent each system contributes to decreasing performance in ageing master cyclists. Therefore, the purposes of this study are (1) whether the age-related rate of decline in respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, muscle architecture, muscle function, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and performance in master cyclists is uniform and (2) which parameters contribute most to the reduction in performance with age. Methods Master cyclists were recruited during the Track Cycling Masters World Championship 2019 in Manchester. Respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength were determined using spirometry and a mouth pressure device, respectively. Muscle architecture was determined using ultrasonography, and muscle function by countermovement jump. Results Forced expiratory volume in the frst second, forced vital capacity, fascicle length, muscle thickness, take-of velocity, jump power, jump power per body mass, handgrip strength, haemoglobin concentration and performance correlated negatively with age (p≤0.043). The age-related rate of decline did not difer signifcantly between parameters (p=0.124), but it was slower for haemoglobin concentration (p=0.041). Take-of velocity was the major determinant of performance in 200, 500 and 2000 m track cycling disciplines (R2 adj=0.675, 0.786 and 0.769, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion Age-related decline in respiratory and muscle system is accompanied by a similar rate of decline in performance. The major contribution to the age-related decline of performance is reduced muscle function, specifcally take-of velocity

Comprehensive investigation of areae gastricae pattern in gastric corpus using magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy in patients with chronic atrophic fundic gastritis.

Background:  Barium radiographic studies have suggested the importance of evaluating areae gastricae pattern for the diagnosis of gastritis. Significance of endoscopic appearance of areae gastricae in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic fundic gastritis (CAFG) was investigated by image-enhanced endoscopy. Materials and Methods:  Endoscopic images of the corpus lesser curvature were studied in 50 patients with CAFG. Extent of CAFG was evaluated with autofluorescence imaging endoscopy. The areae gastricae pattern was evaluated with 0.2% indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Micro-mucosal structure was examined with magnifying chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging. Results:  In patients with small extent of CAFG, polygonal areae gastricae separated by a narrow intervening part of areae gastricae was observed, whereas in patients with wide extent of CAFG, the size of the areae gastricae decreased and the width of the intervening part of areae gastricae increased (p < 0.001). Most areae gastricae showed a foveola-type micro-mucosal structure (82.7%), while intervening part of areae gastricae had a groove-type structure (98.0%, p < 0.001). Groove-type mucosa had a higher grade of atrophy (p < 0.001) and intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.001) compared with foveola type. Conclusions:  As extent of CAFG widened, multifocal groove-type mucosa that had high-grade atrophy and intestinal metaplasia developed among areae gastricae and increased along the intervening part of areae gastricae. Our observations facilitate our understanding of the development and progression of CAFG

Age-related declines in muscle and respiratory function are proportionate to declines in performance in Master Track Cyclists

Abstract Purpose Respiratory and musculoskeletal function decline with age, irrespective of physical activity levels. Previous work has suggested that the age-related rate of decline in function of these two systems might be similar, but it is not known to what extent each system contributes to decreasing performance in ageing master cyclists. Therefore, the purposes of this study are (1) whether the age-related rate of decline in respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, muscle architecture, muscle function, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and performance in master cyclists is uniform and (2) which parameters Methods Master cyclists were recruited during the TrackCycling Masters World Championship 2019 in Manchester. Respg spirometry and a mouth pressure device, respectively. Muscle architecture was determined using ultrasonography, and muscle function by countermovement jump. Results Forced expiratory volume in the frst second, forced vital capacity, fascicle length, muscle thickness, take-of velocity, jump power, jump power per body mass, handgrip strength, haemoglobin concentration and performance correlated negatively with age (p≤0.043). The age-related rate of decline did not difer signifcantly between parameters (p=0.124), but it was slower for haemoglobin concentration (p=0.041). Take-of velocity was the major determinant of performance in 200, 500 and 2000 m track cycling disciplines (R2 adj=0.675, 0.786 and 0.769, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion Age-related decline in respiratory and muscle system is accompanied by a similar rate of decline in performance. The major contribution to the age-related decline of performance is reduced muscle function, specifcally take-off velocity

Multi-dimensional correlations for gene coexpression and application to the large-scale data of Arabidopsis

Background: Recent improvements in DNA microarray techniques have made a large variety of gene expression data available in public databases. This data can be used to evaluate the strength of gene coexpression by calculating the correlation of expression patterns among different genes between many experiments. However, gene expression levels differ significantly across various tissues in higher organisms, as well as in different cellular location in eukaryotes in different cell state. Thus the usual correlation measure can only evaluate the difference of tissues or cellular localizations, and cannot adequately elucidate the functional relationship from the coexpression of genes

Primed histone demethylation regulates shoot regenerative competency

Acquisition of pluripotency by somatic cells is a striking process that enables multicellular organisms to regenerate organs. This process includes silencing of genes to erase original tissue memory and priming of additional cell type specification genes, which are then poised for activation by external signal inputs. Here, through analysis of genome-wide histone modifications and gene expression profiles, we show that a gene priming mechanism involving LYSINE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 1-LIKE 3 (LDL3) specifically eliminates H3K4me2 during formation of the intermediate pluripotent cell mass known as callus derived from Arabidopsis root cells. While LDL3-mediated H3K4me2 removal does not immediately affect gene expression, it does facilitate the later activation of genes that act to form shoot progenitors when external cues lead to shoot induction. These results give insights into the role of H3K4 methylation in plants, and into the primed state that provides plant cells with high regenerative competency

Primed histone demethylation regulates shoot regenerative competency

Acquisition of pluripotency by somatic cells is a striking process that enables multicellular organisms to regenerate organs. This process includes silencing of genes to erase original tissue memory and priming of additional cell type specification genes, which are then poised for activation by external signal inputs. Here, through analysis of genome-wide histone modifications and gene expression profiles, we show that a gene priming mechanism involving LYSINE-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE 1-LIKE 3 (LDL3) specifically eliminates H3K4me2 during formation of the intermediate pluripotent cell mass known as callus derived from Arabidopsis root cells. While LDL3-mediated H3K4me2 removal does not immediately affect gene expression, it does facilitate the later activation of genes that act to form shoot progenitors when external cues lead to shoot induction. These results give insights into the role of H3K4 methylation in plants, and into the primed state that provides plant cells with high regenerative competency

持久運動能力に作用する食品成分の評価のための水泳装置の開発

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第8449号農博第1133号新制||農||803(附属図書館)学位論文||H12||N3406(農学部図書室)UT51-2000-F353京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻(主査)教授 伏木 亨, 教授 松野 隆一, 教授 佐々木 隆造学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Correlations among Vo₂ at Fat_max, Vo2 _peak, running time until fatigue, and plasma lactic acid concentration during running at an inclination of 40°.

<p>The running protocol was described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193470#pone.0193470.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. Linear correlations were analyzed between Vo_{2 peak} and Vo₂ at Fat_max (A), between Vo₂ at Fat_max and plasma lactic acid concentration (B), between Vo_{2 peak} and running time until Vo_{2 peak} (C), and between Vo₂ at Fat_max and running time until fatigue (D). Plasma lactic acid concentration was measured during running at a speed of 24 m/min at the inclination of 40° as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193470#pone.0193470.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>. The running protocol was described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193470#pone.0193470.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. Individual data are shown (n = 12).</p