A Content Analysis of Indirect, Verbal, and Physical Aggression in Television Programs Popular among School-Aged Girls

A content analysis of indirect, verbal, and physical aggression was conducted of 77 hours of television programming popular among fifth grade girls. Eighty-eight percent of programs contained aggression. Physical aggression occurred at a rate of 9.6 acts per hour, whereas indirect and verbal aggression occurred at a rate of 3.7 and 2.8 acts per hour, respectively. Rates of aggression varied by gender, age, and attractiveness of perpetrators, as well as by relationship between perpetrator and victim. Additionally, motivation and consequences of aggressive acts varied by form of aggression. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of current research and theories of media effects

Ground reaction force estimates from ActiGraph GT3X+ hip accelerations.

Simple methods to quantify ground reaction forces (GRFs) outside a laboratory setting are needed to understand daily loading sustained by the body. Here, we present methods to estimate peak vertical GRF (pGRFvert) and peak braking GRF (pGRFbrake) in adults using raw hip activity monitor (AM) acceleration data. The purpose of this study was to develop a statistically based model to estimate pGRFvert and pGRFbrake during walking and running from ActiGraph GT3X+ AM acceleration data. 19 males and 20 females (age 21.2 ± 1.3 years, height 1.73 ± 0.12 m, mass 67.6 ± 11.5 kg) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ AM over their right hip. Six walking and six running trials (0.95-2.19 and 2.20-4.10 m/s, respectively) were completed. Average of the peak vertical and anterior/posterior AM acceleration (ACCvert and ACCbrake, respectively) and pGRFvert and pGRFbrake during the stance phase of gait were determined. Thirty randomly selected subjects served as the training dataset to develop generalized equations to predict pGRFvert and pGRFbrake. Using a holdout approach, the remaining 9 subjects were used to test the accuracy of the models. Generalized equations to predict pGRFvert and pGRFbrake included ACCvert and ACCbrake, respectively, mass, type of locomotion (walk or run), and type of locomotion acceleration interaction. The average absolute percent differences between actual and predicted pGRFvert and pGRFbrake were 8.3% and 17.8%, respectively, when the models were applied to the test dataset. Repeated measures generalized regression equations were developed to predict pGRFvert and pGRFbrake from ActiGraph GT3X+ AM acceleration for young adults walking and running. These equations provide a means to estimate GRFs without a force plate

Spectroscopic Studies of Brooker\u27s Merocyanine in Zeolite L

Zeolites are porous, crystalline substances that have very unique atomic organizations which allow for the formation of complex channels within the crystals. Each type of zeolite has a distinct shape and structure. To better understand the properties of zeolite channels, a dye molecule known as Brooker’s merocyanine was inserted into Zeolite L. Maximum dye loading into the zeolite channels was achieved by altering different experimental variables, such as heat, solution concentration, stirring, cation exchange, and light exposure. X-ray diffraction was used to verify the synthesis of zeolites, the cation exchange process, and dye loading. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to measure the amount of dye adsorbed by the zeolite. By using the UV-Vis absorbance values and Beer’s Law, the concentration of dye in the zeolites was determined. The results showed that an increase of heat and stirring correlated to an increase of adsorption of dye by the zeolite. Due to the light sensitivity of Brooker’s merocyanine, it was found that limiting the amount of light exposure of the dye solutions also resulted in higher dye adsorption by the zeolites. An increase of the concentration of the dye solution increased the rate of adsorption in the channels. However, exchanging the potassium ions found within the synthesized Zeolite L channels with smaller hydrogen ions did not have an affect on the adsorption of dye in the channels. Characterizing how to achieve a maximum of dye adsorption in the zeolites allows for a better understanding of how dye molecules interact within the zeolite channels

The Moral Arc of the Library: What Are Our Duties and Limitations After 45?

Abstract Purpose -- This think piece explores the question of whether or not librarians can ethically remain politically neutral in the wake of the 45th administration. The authors take a critical look at ALA’s Code of Ethics, as well as the concept of vocational awe, and recommend challenging the “sacredness” of neutrality as a core tenet of the profession. Additionally, the authors describe the history of white privilege within libraries and argue that it is time to actively fight white supremacy and disavow the profession’s history of replicating racist social structures. Design/methodology/approach -- This article is a researched think piece designed to encourage critical thought about long held idealistic beliefs in our profession. Findings -- Our research suggests that despite the profession’s history of outwardly valuing “neutrality’, libraries are not and have never been neutral. Libraries have chosen, time and again, to value white privilege and a white frame of reference to the detriment of librarians and patrons of color. Because many librarians also see the profession as upholding “sacred” ideals like neutrality, we fall into the trap of being unable to criticize our own profession and practices and, therefore, are unable to make much needed changes. Research limitations/implications -- This piece is based on the opinions of the authors and on the opinions of authors they have cited. It contains no original quantitative or qualitative research. Originality/value -- This piece challenges long-held assumptions that the profession has taken for granted over the past century. We argue that it is good and necessary to question the Code of Ethics, vocational awe, and neutrality with the goal of improving the profession in light of the current cultural and political climate. Keywords -- Neutrality, vocational awe, code of ethics, social justice, 45th administration, librarianship Paper type -- Think piec

Progressive Glenohumeral Instability in an Adolescent Ice Hockey Athlete: A Case Report

This case follows the injury presentation of a 16-year-old male, right-hand dominant, left-hand shot, Tier I ice hockey player who sustained an initial injury to the left shoulder from a body check during a game. What follows is a cascade of events involving 3 injuries and 2 surgeries, highlighting the complex and potentially compounding nature of instability. Glenohumeral (GH) instability among collision athletes is rare in the absence of contributing genetic conditions or a dislocation or subluxation event. Authors discuss the key concepts related to the diagnosis and management of GH instability, with a special emphasis on subtle injury indicators and an individualized approach to patient care

The Impact Of Creating A Positive Culture For Feedback Within The Secondary Career & Technical Education Classroom

Feedback is one of the most influential factors on student learning. It is paramount for educators to spend considerable focus on feedback as instructional time, and learning activities are abundant with opportunities for providing feedback to students (Havnes, Smith, Dysthe, & Ludvigsen, 2012). The purpose of this research study was to ascertain what effect providing a culture of feedback has on student learning in the secondary Career and Technical Education (CTE) classroom, which differ from core classes in their delivery methods, content and overall outcomes. The goal was to utilize feedback with students in a way that promotes a culture where feedback is positively and routinely used and understood to further student learning. The study sample included approximately 54 students in grades ten through twelve in three elective CTE courses: Restaurant Skills, Desktop Publishing (Yearbook), and Health Science II. Data was collected using the following tools: self-assessments, a feedback survey, performance assessments, and observational checklists. The study was conducted for four consecutive weeks in the fall of 2017. The study contained both quantitative and qualitative features. The data sources revealed that students felt positive about feedback as a classroom norm and that feedback helped improve their learning. Feedback culture will continue to be implemented in the classrooms. Future research will investigate additional teaching and guided practice on self-reflection and providing feedback to others

Addressing the Knowledge Gap: Exploring the Relationship Between Healthcare Discrimination and Disability Status Among Sexual and Gender Minorities

Background: Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) frequently report negative and discriminatory experiences when accessing healthcare. These accounts are echoed by the disability community. Both populations have historically endured trauma at the hands of the healthcare system, and there is limited, if any, literature examining the relationship between healthcare discrimination and disability status among SGMs. Methods: Data were collected from n=906 SGM adults residing in the US, reporting experiences of healthcare discrimination, and were recruited via Reddit from February-March 2022. SGM identity (sexual minorities assigned male at birth [AMAB], cisgender sexual minorities assigned female at birth [AFAB], gender minorities AMAB, gender minorities AFAB), demographics, and disability status were measured. Multivariable linear regression examined the relationship between log-transformed healthcare discrimination score and SGM identity, race/ethnicity, disability status, and income. Results: Over half of participants reported having at least one disability (61.7%). Disability status varied by sexual and gender identity (p=0.007) and mean healthcare discrimination score (P\u3c0.001). Having a visible disability and having an invisible disability were independently associated with a significant increase in log-transformed healthcare discrimination score (β=0.25, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.32 and β=0.15, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.20, respectively). Conclusions: SGMs with a disability, particularly with a visible disability, are at significantly higher risk of healthcare discrimination compared to those without. Understanding these associations are vital for healthcare practitioners to promote health equity, prevent further harm, and effectively treat patients

Leisurely Reshaping a Consumer Health Book Collection

Objective: To discover whether adding leisure books, according to a carefully designed collection development policy, to a consumer health collection (CHC) in a hospital would lead to an increase in usage of the CHC collection, an increased number of monthly subscriptions for membership in the Health Information Center (HIC), and change in the subject of materials circulated. Methods: The collection development policy, specifically for the Leisure Reading Collection (LRC), included bestselling titles within 3 years, award winning fiction, and classics. Librarians also set criteria with clear parameters related to gifts, donations, and collection maintenance. Twenty-four books were selected for the leisure collection in July 2018. After the addition of the LRC, the new circulation numbers were compared to previous data. Staff also measured the number of new applications for monthly membership in the Health Information Center by consumers. The subject content of materials most used prior to the addition of the LRC were compared to the most popular titles post LRC. Results: There has been a 44% increase in books checked out from 2017 to 2018. Monthly memberships have also increased, averaging 18 new members per month compared to 15. The CHC titles most frequently checked out prior to the initiation of the LRC were related to diet and nutrition. After the LRC, the most popular CHC titles were related to nutrition and stress/anxiety. Library staff informally observed the increased use of the LRC by hospital staff. Staff came to the library to check out books for their patients from the LRC. Staff also offered gifts of materials that the collection policy excluded (alternative donation sites were offered.) Attempts to quantify the number of staff using the materials through use of circulation statistics failed due to system limitations. Further research is planned to measure staff participation. Conclusion: With the addition of leisure reading books, the library provided a more valuable and comprehensive collection to its patron base. Changes in the subject material of circulated items, as a result of the LRC were small but worthy of consideration. This addition to the HIC collection has led to a rise in new members, an increase in circulation statistics, and has expanded staff interest in the HIC

Genomic and Transcriptomic Alterations Associated with STAT3 Activation in Head and Neck Cancer.

BackgroundHyperactivation of STAT3 via constitutive phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 (Y705) is common in most human cancers, including head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). STAT3 is rarely mutated in cancer and the (epi)genetic alterations that lead to STAT3 activation are incompletely understood. Here we used an unbiased approach to identify genomic and epigenomic changes associated with pSTAT3(Y705) expression using data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Methods and findingsMutation, mRNA expression, promoter methylation, and copy number alteration data were extracted from TCGA and examined in the context of pSTAT3(Y705) protein expression. mRNA expression levels of 1279 genes were found to be associated with pSTAT3(705) expression. Association of pSTAT3(Y705) expression with caspase-8 mRNA expression was validated by immunoblot analysis in HNSCC cells. Mutation, promoter hypermethylation, and copy number alteration of any gene were not significantly associated with increased pSTAT3(Y705) protein expression.ConclusionsThese cumulative results suggest that unbiased approaches may be useful in identifying the molecular underpinnings of oncogenic signaling, including STAT3 activation, in HNSCC. Larger datasets will likely be necessary to elucidate signaling consequences of infrequent alterations

Using Single Molecule mRNA Fluorescent \u3ci\u3ein Situ\u3c/i\u3e Hybridization (RNA-FISH) to Quantify mRNAs in Individual Murine Oocytes and Embryos

Changes in abundance of mRNAs during oocyte growth and maturation and during pre-implantation embryo development have been documented using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), microarray analyses, and whole genome sequencing. However, these techniques require amplification of mRNAs, normalization using housekeeping genes, can be biased for abundant transcripts, and/or require large numbers of oocytes and embryos which can be difficult to acquire from mammalian species. We optimized a single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) protocol, which amplifies fluorescence signal to detect candidate transcripts, for use with individual oocytes and embryos. Quantification using the software Localize showed patterns of Gdf9 and Pou5f1 mRNA expression in oocytes and embryos that were consistent with previously published data. Interestingly, low levels of Nanog mRNA were also accurately and reproducibly measured in oocytes and one- and two-cell embryos suggesting that RNA-FISH could be used to detect and quantify low abundance transcripts. Unlike other techniques, RNA-FISH is also able to detect changes in the localization patterns of mRNAs which may be used to monitor post-transcriptional regulation of a transcript. Thus, RNA-FISH represents an important technique to investigate potential mechanisms associated with the synthesis and stability of candidate mRNAs in mammalian oocytes and embryos