25,322 research outputs found
Simple computer method provides contours for radiological images
Computer is provided with information concerning boundaries in total image. Gradient of each point in digitized image is calculated with aid of threshold technique; then there is invoked set of algorithms designed to reduce number of gradient elements and to retain only major ones for definition of contour
A-infinity algebra of an elliptic curve and Eisenstein series
We compute explicitly the A-infinity structure on the Ext-algebra of the
collection , where is a line bundle of degree 1 on an
elliptic curve . The answer involves higher derivatives of Eisenstein
series.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures; v3: added remark on the limit at the cus
Coordinated NanoSIMS and TEM Analysis of a Large 26Mg-Rich AGB Silicate from the Meteorite Hills 00426 CR2 Chondrite
Silicates are one of the most abundant presolar phases around evolved stars, in the inter-stellar medium (ISM), and in our Solar System. These grains afford the opportunity for O, Si, Mg, Fe, and Ca isotopic analyses to constrain stellar nucleosynthetic and mixing processes, and Galactic chemical evolution (GCE). While Mg and Fe isotopic studies have been successfully conducted on presolar silicates, isotopic analyses beyond O and Si are often hampered by the small grain sizes (average ~250 nm). This also makes coordinated mineral and chemical characterization challenging. These studies provide insight into the dust condensation conditions as well as subsequent alteration in the ISM and/or the Solar System. TEM studies of presolar silicates have shown that they are much more mineralogically and chemically diverse than other presolar phases [1 and references therein]. Large (>500nm) presolar silicate grains are rare, but they allow for detailed isotopic, mineral, and chemical characterization. We identified a large presolar silicate grain in the MET 00426 CR2 chondrite and report the O, Si, Mg, and Fe isotopic compositions and TEM study of this grain
An absorption spectrum amplifier for determining gas composition
Compositions of gas samples are frequently studied by laser absorption spectroscopy. Sensitivity is improved by two orders of magnitude when absorption cell is placed inside an organic-dye laser cavity
Coarse-grained simulations of flow-induced nucleation in semi-crystalline polymers
We perform kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of flow-induced nucleation in
polymer melts with an algorithm that is tractable even at low undercooling. The
configuration of the non-crystallized chains under flow is computed with a
recent non-linear tube model. Our simulations predict both enhanced nucleation
and the growth of shish-like elongated nuclei for sufficiently fast flows. The
simulations predict several experimental phenomena and theoretically justify a
previously empirical result for the flow-enhanced nucleation rate. The
simulations are highly pertinent to both the fundamental understanding and
process modeling of flow-induced crystallization in polymer melts.Comment: 17 pages, 6 eps figure
Generation of two-color polarization-entangled optical beams with a self-phase-locked two-crystal Optical Parametric Oscillator
A new device to generate polarization-entangled light in the continuous
variable regime is introduced. It consists of an Optical Parametric Oscillator
with two type-II phase-matched non-linear crystals orthogonally oriented,
associated with birefringent elements for adjustable linear coupling. We give
in this paper a theoretical study of its classical and quantum properties. It
is shown that two optical beams with adjustable frequencies and well-defined
polarization can be emitted. The Stokes parameters of the two beams are
entangled. The principal advantage of this setup is the possibility to directly
generate polarization entangled light without the need of mixing four modes on
beam splitters as required in current experimental setups. This device opens
new directions for the study of light-matter interfaces and generation of
multimode non-classical light and higher dimensional phase space
A composition theorem for the Fourier Entropy-Influence conjecture
The Fourier Entropy-Influence (FEI) conjecture of Friedgut and Kalai [FK96]
seeks to relate two fundamental measures of Boolean function complexity: it
states that holds for every Boolean function , where
denotes the spectral entropy of , is its total influence,
and is a universal constant. Despite significant interest in the
conjecture it has only been shown to hold for a few classes of Boolean
functions.
Our main result is a composition theorem for the FEI conjecture. We show that
if are functions over disjoint sets of variables satisfying the
conjecture, and if the Fourier transform of taken with respect to the
product distribution with biases satisfies the conjecture,
then their composition satisfies the conjecture. As
an application we show that the FEI conjecture holds for read-once formulas
over arbitrary gates of bounded arity, extending a recent result [OWZ11] which
proved it for read-once decision trees. Our techniques also yield an explicit
function with the largest known ratio of between and
, improving on the previous lower bound of 4.615
Polaron cross-overs and d-wave superconductivity in Hubbard-Holstein model
We present a theoretical study of superconductivity of polarons in the
Hubbard-Holstein model. A residual kinematic interaction proportional to the
square of the polaron hopping energy between polarons and phonons provides a
pairing field for the polarons. We find that superconducting instability in the
d-wave channel is possible with small transition temperatures which is maximum
in the large to small polaron cross-over region. An s-wave instability is found
to be not possible when the effective on-site interaction between polarons is
repulsive
Attosecond screening dynamics mediated by electron-localization
Transition metals with their densely confined and strongly coupled valence
electrons are key constituents of many materials with unconventional
properties, such as high-Tc superconductors, Mott insulators and
transition-metal dichalcogenides. Strong electron interaction offers a fast and
efficient lever to manipulate their properties with light, creating promising
potential for next-generation electronics. However, the underlying dynamics is
a fast and intricate interplay of polarization and screening effects, which is
poorly understood. It is hidden below the femtosecond timescale of electronic
thermalization, which follows the light-induced excitation. Here, we
investigate the many-body electron dynamics in transition metals before
thermalization sets in. We combine the sensitivity of intra-shell transitions
to screening effects with attosecond time resolution to uncover the interplay
of photo-absorption and screening. First-principles time-dependent calculations
allow us to assign our experimental observations to ultrafast electronic
localization on d-orbitals. The latter modifies the whole electronic structure
as well as the collective dynamic response of the system on a timescale much
faster than the light-field cycle. Our results demonstrate a possibility for
steering the electronic properties of solids prior to electron thermalization,
suggesting that the ultimate speed of electronic phase transitions is limited
only by the duration of the controlling laser pulse. Furthermore, external
control of the local electronic density serves as a fine tool for testing
state-of-the art models of electron-electron interactions. We anticipate our
study to facilitate further investigations of electronic phase transitions,
laser-metal interactions and photo-absorption in correlated electron systems on
its natural timescale
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