1,213 research outputs found
Semi-classical limitations for photon emission in strong external fields
The semi-classical heuristic emission formula of Baier-Katkov [Sov. Phys.
JETP \textbf{26}, 854 (1968)] is well-known to describe radiation of an
ultrarelativistic electron in strong external fields employing the electron's
classical trajectory. To find the limitations of the Baier-Katkov approach, we
investigate electron radiation in a strong rotating electric field quantum
mechanically using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. Except for an
ultrarelativistic velocity, it is shown that an additional condition is
required in order to recover the widely used semi-classical result. A violation
of this condition leads to two consequences. First, it gives rise to
qualitative discrepancy in harmonic spectra between the two approaches. Second,
the quantum harmonic spectra are determined not only by the classical
trajectory but also by the dispersion relation of the effective photons of the
external field
Nutritional Aspects in the Care of the Child with Cleft Lip and Palate
Proper nutrition is essential in the care of the infant with cleft lip or palate, as these infants are often plagued with feeding difficulties from birth. This paper reviews recent literature on the many feeding practices in use today and discusses the current trend toward a multidisciplinary approach to treatment for the cleft lip/palate child. It also presents a brief review of experimental animal studies which have implicated nutritional deficiences in the causation of cleft lip/palate
Effect of a strong laser field on photoproduction by relativistic nuclei
We study the influence of a strong laser field on the Bethe-Heitler
photoproduction process by a relativistic nucleus. The laser field propagates
in the same direction as the incoming high-energy photon and it is taken into
account exactly in the calculations. Two cases are considered in detail. In the
first case, the energy of the incoming photon in the nucleus rest frame is much
larger than the electron's rest energy. The presence of the laser field may
significantly suppress the photoproduction rate at soon available values of
laser parameters. In the second case, the energy of the incoming photon in the
rest frame of the nucleus is less than and close to the electron-positron pair
production threshold. The presence of the laser field allows for the pair
production process and the obtained electron-positron rate is much larger than
in the presence of only the laser and the nuclear field. In both cases we have
observed a strong dependence of the rate on the mutual polarization of the
laser field and of the high-energy photon and the most favorable configuration
is with laser field and high-energy photon linearly polarized in the same
direction. The effects discussed are in principle measurable with presently
available proton accelerators and laser systems.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Fluorescence control through multiple interference mechanisms
Published versio
Anomalous violation of the local constant field approximation in colliding laser beams
It is commonly assumed that in ultrastrong laser fields, when the strong field parameter of the laser field is larger than one, the electron radiation is well described by the local constant field approximation (LCFA). We discuss the failure of this conjecture, considering radiation of an ultrarelativistic electron interacting with strong counterpropagating laser waves. A deviation from LCFA, in particular in the high-frequency domain, is shown to occur even at because of the appearance of an additional small time scale in the trajectory. Moreover, we identify a new class of LCFA violation, when the radiation formation length becomes smaller than the one via LCFA. It is characterized by a broad and smooth spectrum rather than an harmonic structure. A similar phenomenon is also demonstrated in the scenario of an electron colliding with an ultrashort laser pulse. The relevance to laser-plasma kinetic simulations is discussed
Strong-field ionization via a high-order Coulomb-corrected strong-field approximation
Signatures of the Coulomb corrections in the photoelectron momentum distribution during laser-induced ionization of atoms or ions in tunneling and multiphoton regimes are investigated analytically in the case of an one-dimensional problem. High-order Coulomb corrected strong-field approximation is applied, where the exact continuum state in the S-matrix is approximated by the eikonal Coulomb-Volkov state including the second-order corrections to the eikonal. Although, without high-order corrections our theory coincides with the known analytical R-matrix (ARM) theory, we propose a simplified procedure for the matrix element derivation. Rather than matching the eikonal Coulomb-Volkov wave function with the bound state as in the ARM-theory to remove the Coulomb singularity, we calculate the matrix element via the saddle-point integration method as by time as well as by coordinate, and in this way avoiding the Coulomb singularity. The momentum shift in the photoelectron momentum distribution with respect to the ARM-theory due to high-order corrections is analyzed for tunneling and multiphoton regimes. The relation of the quantum corrections to the tunneling delay time is discusse
Breakdown of the few-level approximation in collective systems
The validity of the few-level approximation in dipole-dipole interacting
collective systems is discussed. As example system, we study the archetype case
of two dipole-dipole interacting atoms, each modelled by two complete sets of
angular momentum multiplets. We establish the breakdown of the few-level
approximation by first proving the intuitive result that the dipole-dipole
induced energy shifts between collective two-atom states depend on the length
of the vector connecting the atoms, but not on its orientation, if complete and
degenerate multiplets are considered. A careful analysis of our findings
reveals that the simplification of the atomic level scheme by artificially
omitting Zeeman sublevels in a few-level approximation generally leads to
incorrect predictions. We find that this breakdown can be traced back to the
dipole-dipole coupling of transitions with orthogonal dipole moments. Our
interpretation enables us to identify special geometries in which partial
few-level approximations to two- or three-level systems are valid
Prominence of delta oscillatory rhythms in the motor cortex and their relevance for auditory and speech perception
In the motor cortex, beta oscillations (∼12-30 Hz) are generally considered a principal rhythm contributing to movement planning and execution. Beta oscillations cohabit and dynamically interact with slow delta oscillations (0.5-4 Hz), but the role of delta oscillations and the subordinate relationship between these rhythms in the perception-action loop remains unclear. Here, we review evidence that motor delta oscillations shape the dynamics of motor behaviors and sensorimotor processes, in particular during auditory perception. We describe the functional coupling between delta and beta oscillations in the motor cortex during spontaneous and planned motor acts. In an active sensing framework, perception is strongly shaped by motor activity, in particular in the delta band, which imposes temporal constraints on the sampling of sensory information. By encoding temporal contextual information, delta oscillations modulate auditory processing and impact behavioral outcomes. Finally, we consider the contribution of motor delta oscillations in the perceptual analysis of speech signals, providing a contextual temporal frame to optimize the parsing and processing of slow linguistic information
Electric dipole-forbidden nuclear transitions driven by super-intense laser fields
Electric dipole-forbidden transitions of nuclei interacting with
super-intense laser fields are investigated considering stable isotopes with
suitable low-lying first excited states. Different classes of transitions are
identified, and all magnetic sublevels corresponding to the near-resonantly
driven nuclear transition are included in the description of the nuclear
quantum system. We find that large transition matrix elements and convenient
resonance energies qualify nuclear M1 transitions as good candidates for the
coherent driving of nuclei. We discuss the implications of resonant interaction
of intense laser fields with nuclei beyond the dipole approximation for the
controlled preparation of excited nuclear states and important aspects of
possible experiments aimed at observing these effects.Comment: 20 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures, minor modifications and update to the
published versio
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