A review of the influence of fathers on children\u27s eating behaviours and dietary intake

The role of fathers in child rearing has changed in recent years due to an increase in maternal employment. Despite this, the majority of research has focused on maternal influences and behaviours in relation to child feeding. Therefore, the aims of the narrative review were: 1) to examine the role and responsibility of fathers in child feeding and the factors associated with paternal responsibility in child feeding; 2) to establish how paternal modelling, paternal diets, and paternal feeding practices relate to children\u27s eating behaviours and dietary intake; and 3) to explore the role of maternal perceptions on paternal feeding roles, as well as how maternal and paternal behaviours relate to children\u27s dietary intake. Firstly, given the limited research, no conclusions can be drawn in relation to the factors associated with fathers\u27 roles. An association with child\u27s gender and age as potential drivers of paternal mealtime behaviours was observed, however more longitudinal research is necessary. In addition, research suggests that the majority of fathers have some responsibility in feeding their child, however, mothers are the primary caregiver and somewhat dictate the level of responsibilities fathers have. Interactions during mealtimes between fathers and their child can both positively and negatively influence children\u27s long-term eating behaviours. Inconsistencies in the literature still prevail in terms of whether the child\u27s diet resembles his fathers or mothers more, however, overall family resemblance is evident. Differences exist between maternal & paternal feeding practices with more coercive feeding practices reported by fathers, suggesting they are a more authoritarian figure during mealtimes than mothers. Overall, it is clear that interventions need to adopt a whole-family approach when tackling children\u27s lifestyle behaviours in order to address the differential influence of both parents

Retinal Fractal Dimension Is a Potential Biomarker for Systemic Health-Evidence From a Mixed-Age, Primary-Care Population

PURPOSE: To investigate whether fractal dimension (FD), a retinal trait relating to vascular complexity and a potential "oculomics" biomarker for systemic disease, is applicable to a mixed-age, primary-care population.METHODS: We used cross-sectional data (96 individuals; 183 eyes; ages 18-81 years) from a university-based optometry clinic in Glasgow, Scotland, to study the association between FD and systemic health. We computed FD from color fundus images using Deep Approximation of Retinal Traits (DART), an artificial intelligence-based method designed to be more robust to poor image quality.RESULTS: Despite DART being designed to be more robust, a significant association (P &lt; 0.001) between image quality and FD remained. Consistent with previous literature, age was associated with lower FD (P &lt; 0.001 univariate and when adjusting for image quality). However, FD variance was higher in older patients, and some patients over 60 had FD comparable to those of patients in their 20s. Prevalent systemic conditions were significantly (P = 0.037) associated with lower FD when adjusting for image quality and age.CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggests that FD as a biomarker for systemic health extends to mixed-age, primary-care populations. FD decreases with age but might not substantially decrease in everyone. This should be further investigated using longitudinal data. Finally, image quality was associated with FD, but it is unclear whether this finding is measurement error caused by image quality or confounded by age and health. Future work should investigate this to clarify whether adjusting for image quality is appropriate.TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: FD could potentially be used in regular screening settings, but questions around image quality remain.</p

“That is an Awful Lot of Fruit and Veg to Be Eating”. Focus Group Study on Motivations for the Consumption of 5 a Day in British Young Men

Young men do not consume enough fruit and vegetables, increasing their risk for future ill health. To understand what motivates their food choice, a novel conceptual framework that included key concepts from the theory of planned behavior and risk theory was developed. Thirty-four British men (18–24 years) took part in focus groups, where innovative visual qualitative methods provided insight into participants’ motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption. Based on information from food diaries, participants were described as high (4+ portions) or low (up to 3 portions) consumers. Interviews were coded thematically into concepts and characteristics of the conceptual framework. Young men were generally unaware of the UK government’s recommendation to consume 5 portions of fruit and vegetable a day and chronic health risks associated with low consumption. High consumers were motivated by perceived risk, perceived behavioral control, and health-conscious self-identity. They held internalized, holistic beliefs about diet and health, whereas low consumers’ beliefs were externalized, based on physical appearances. Low consumers were driven by social influences to consume cheap, easily available convenience foods. The conceptual framework differentiated levels of fruit and vegetable consumption between the two groups and provided new information about young men’s motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption

The factors associated with food fussiness in Irish school-aged children

Objective: To establish the factors that determine food fussiness, to explore if child age determines the extent to which these factors influence food fussiness and to identify whether parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness. Design: Cross-sectional data from the National Children’s Food Survey (2003–2004). The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) assessed eating behaviours in children. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) assessed parental food neophobia. Young children were classified as 5–8 years old with older children classified as 9–12 years old. Setting: Republic of Ireland. Participants: Nationally representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12 years (n 594). Results: Parents identifying child’s food preferences as a barrier to providing their child with a healthy diet was significantly associated with increased food fussiness in younger (P<0·001) and older children (P<0·001). Higher levels of parental neophobia were significantly associated with an increase in food fussiness in younger (P<0·05) and older (P<0·001) children. Food advertising as a barrier to providing a healthy diet was inversely associated with food fussiness in younger children (P<0·05). In older children, there was a significant inverse association between child’s BMI and food fussiness (P<0·05), but not to the extent that a difference in weight status was noted. Family mealtimes in older children were associated with significantly lower levels of food fussiness (P<0·05). Conclusions: Findings from the present study identify that a child’s age does determine the extent to which certain factors influence food fussiness and that parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness

Nature tourism and Irish film

This article provides a historical overview and reading of seminal Irish film from the perspective of nature tourism. Within Irish cultural studies, tourism is frequently equated with an overly romantic image of the island, which has been used to sell the country abroad. However, using notions like the tourist gaze and taking on board influential debates around space/place, one can posit a more progressive environmental vision of nature and landscape in our readings of film

Health and Occupational Injury Experienced by Latinx Child Farmworkers in North Carolina, USA

Children as young as 10 years old are hired to work on farms in the United States (U.S.). These children are largely Latinx. Using interview data collected from 202 North Carolina Latinx child farmworkers in 2017, this analysis documents the heath characteristics and occupational injuries of Latinx child farmworkers and delineates characteristics associated with their health and occupational injuries. Latinx child farmworkers include girls (37.6%) and boys (62.4%), aged 10 to 17 years, with 17.8% being migrant farmworkers. Three-quarters reported receiving medical and dental care in the past year. Respiratory (15.8%) and vision (20.3%) problems were prevalent. Girls more than boys, and younger more than older children had greater health service utilization. Occupational injuries were common, with 26.2% reporting a traumatic injury, 44.1% a dermatological injury, 42.6% a musculoskeletal injury, and 45.5% heat-related illness in the past year. Age increased the odds of reporting work injuries and heat-related illness, and being a non-migrant reduced the odds of reporting work injuries. These results emphasize the need for greater documentation of child farmworker occupational health and safety. They underscore the need to change occupational safety policy to ensure that children working in agriculture have the same protections as those working in all other U.S. industries

Exile Vol. XXXI No. 2

Plenty of Space by Carol Contiguglia (cover) Dénouement by Jeff Masten 3 The Ballad of Old Bill Brown by Amy Becker 4-5 Elegy by Ann Townsend 6 Untitled by Karen Koch 7 Dénouement by Carol Mason 9-14 Untitled by N. R. B. III 15 A Lot in Common We Two, by David Zivan 17 The Sidewalk Taken, Kate Anthony 18 Upon Hearing Two Male Poets Read by Karen J. Hall 19 Leaves by Amy Becker 20 To Dad by Carrie Jordan 21 Attie Mae by Theresa Copeland 23-25 Oh, Henry by T. S. Elliott 26-38 Solitude; Normandy, France by Margie Boll 39 In Edgartown, Drunk, Stranded in the A.M. by Karen Kearney 41 Pink Feet by Catherine DuBois 42 Ensign in the Naval Corps of Engineers by Betsy Oster 43 Morning Haze by Stephanie Athey 44-45 Just Thought You\u27d Like to Know by Joan DeWitt 46-53 Art Class, A Study of Still-Lifes by Margie Boll 55 Contributor Notes 57 Editorial decision is shared equally among the Editorial Board members -cover page (credited here as editors ) PRINTING BY / PRINTING ARTS PRESS / MOUNT VERNON, OHIO -back cove