10 research outputs found
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Septicemia
We report two cases of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica septicemia and disseminated infection in the setting of profound immunodeficiency. In both instances, diagnosis was rapidly facilitated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of blood culture isolates. These constitute the first confirmed reports of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica bloodstream infection in humans
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in pregnancy: a case series of nine patients and review of literature
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Myocardial Damage Detected by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Is Uncommon in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
In peripartum cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of focal myocardial damage detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance is important to elucidate mechanisms of myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. LGE equates irreversible myocardial injury, but LGE prevalence in peripartum cardiomyopathy is uncertain.
Among 100 women enrolled within the Investigations of Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy cohort, we recruited 40 women at 13 centers to undergo LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance, enrolled within the first 13Â weeks postpartum. Follow-up scans occurred at 6Â months postpartum, and death/transplant rates at 12Â months. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly in the parent cohort according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance enrollment except for mechanical circulatory support. LGE was noted only in 2 women (5%) at baseline. While left ventricular dysfunction with enlargement was prevalent at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans (eg, ejection fraction 38% [Q1-Q3 31-50%], end diastolic volume index=108Â mL/m
[Q1-Q3 83-134 mL/m
]), most women demonstrated significant improvements at 6Â months, consistent with a low prevalence of LGE. LGE was not related to baseline clinical variables, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association heart failure class, or mortality. Neither of the 2 women who died exhibited LGE. LGE was inversely associated with persistent left ventricular ejection fraction at 6Â months (
=0.006).
Factors other than focal myocardial damage detectable by LGE explain the initial transient depressions in baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, yet focal myocardial damage may contribute to persistent myocardial dysfunction and hinder recovery in a small minority. Most women exhibit favorable changes in ventricular function over 6Â months.
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01085955
Myocardial Damage Detected by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Is Uncommon in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
In peripartum cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of focal myocardial damage detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance is important to elucidate mechanisms of myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. LGE equates irreversible myocardial injury, but LGE prevalence in peripartum cardiomyopathy is uncertain.
Among 100 women enrolled within the Investigations of Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy cohort, we recruited 40 women at 13 centers to undergo LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance, enrolled within the first 13Â weeks postpartum. Follow-up scans occurred at 6Â months postpartum, and death/transplant rates at 12Â months. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly in the parent cohort according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance enrollment except for mechanical circulatory support. LGE was noted only in 2 women (5%) at baseline. While left ventricular dysfunction with enlargement was prevalent at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans (eg, ejection fraction 38% [Q1-Q3 31-50%], end diastolic volume index=108Â mL/m
[Q1-Q3 83-134 mL/m
]), most women demonstrated significant improvements at 6Â months, consistent with a low prevalence of LGE. LGE was not related to baseline clinical variables, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association heart failure class, or mortality. Neither of the 2 women who died exhibited LGE. LGE was inversely associated with persistent left ventricular ejection fraction at 6Â months (
=0.006).
Factors other than focal myocardial damage detectable by LGE explain the initial transient depressions in baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, yet focal myocardial damage may contribute to persistent myocardial dysfunction and hinder recovery in a small minority. Most women exhibit favorable changes in ventricular function over 6Â months.
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01085955
Circulating T-Cell Subsets, Monocytes, and Natural Killer Cells in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Results From the Multicenter IPAC Study
âąImmune cell subsets were examined in healthy postpartum and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) women.âąIn the early postpartum, PPCM women had lower NK and higher CD3+CD4âCD8âCD38+ T cell levels.âąLevels largely normalized by 6 months postpartum.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the hypothesis that the distribution of circulating immune cell subsets, or their activation state, is significantly different between peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and healthy postpartum (HP) women.
PPCM is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and an immune-mediated etiology has been hypothesized. Cellular immunity, altered in pregnancy and the peripartum period, has been proposed to play a role in PPCM pathogenesis.
The Investigation of Pregnancy-Associated Cardiomyopathy (IPAC) study enrolled 100 women presenting with a left ventricular ejection fraction of <0.45 within 2 months of delivery. Peripheral T-cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, and cellular activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry in PPCM women early (<6 wk), 2 months, and 6 months postpartum and compared with those of HP women and women with nonâpregnancy-associated recent-onset cardiomyopathy (ROCM).
Entry NK cell levels (CD3âCD56+CD16+; reported as % of CD3â cells) were significantly (Pâ<â.0003) reduced in PPCM (6.6â±â4.9% of CD3â cells) compared to HP (11.9â±â5%). Of T-cell subtypes, CD3+CD4âCD8âCD38+ cells differed significantly (Pâ<â.004) between PPCM (24.5â±â12.5% of CD3+CD4âCD8â cells) and HP (12.5â±â6.4%). PPCM patients demonstrated a rapid recovery of NK and CD3+CD4âCD8âCD38+ cell levels. However, black women had a delayed recovery of NK cells. A similar reduction of NK cells was observed in women with ROCM.
Compared with HP control women, early postpartum PPCM women show significantly reduced NK cells, and higher CD3+CD4âCD8âCD38+ cells, which both normalize over time postpartum. The mechanistic role of NK cells and âdouble negativeâ (CD4âCD8â) T regulatory cells in PPCM requires further investigation