Differential expression of CD45RO (UCHL1) and its functional relevance in two subpopulations of circulating TCR-γ/δ+ lymphocytes

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科血管病態制御学We examined the developmental profile of TCR-γ/δ+ cells with respect to CD45RO expression. Although total TCR-γ/δ+ cells were negligible in the neonatal blood and increased with advancing age, most blood TCR-γ/δ+ cells markedly expressed CD45RO without a distinction of age, probably reflecting a different CD45RO expression of two subsets defined by BB3 and δTCS1 mAbs. The vast majority of BB3+ cells expressed CD45RO, whereas expression of CD45RO was virtually absent in the δTCS1+ population. Functional studies revealed that, while both TCR-γ/δ+ cell subsets showed CD3-mediated activation, only BB3+ (or TiγA+) cells, but not δTCS1+ cells, appeared to proliferate in response to PPD in PPD-reactive individuals. The results suggested that the CD45RO+ (BB3+ or TiγA+) subset among blood TCR-γ/δ+ cells may be mainly involved in the memory or primed component of the immune system responding to some foreign antigens

Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling in the hearts of germ-free and conventionally-raised mice

The microbiota is the community of microorganisms living on and in a biological system. It has shown to play a role in a broad range of medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. Germ-free (GF) mice grew under the condition lacking all microorganisms, in contrast to conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice colonized with a diverse microbiota. GF mice play a key role as tools to reveal the the causal relationship between microbiome and disease. In particular, GF mice present significant cardiac functional defects compared to CONV-R mice. The project's goal was to determine the spatial impact of GF vs. CONV-R status on cardiac metabolism across cardiac regions. 4 metabolite molecules showed significant differences by Random Forest analysis based on untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data. The four molecules are neighborhood of ADP-ribose (m/z = 588.11), ergothioneine (m/z = 230.1), neighborhood of dodecanoic acid (m/z = 177.13), and L-glutamine (m/z = 130.05). (Neighborhood results were generated from molecular networking.) Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was applied to provide more precise quantification results. In most locations, peak abundance significant difference was mapping in the locations: right ventricle free wall and left atrium part between germ-free and CONV-R conditions. Ergothioneine showed a difference in the left ventricle free wall bottom section. The metabolites may relate to the presence of microbiome and contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease

Propulsive Performance and Heating Environment of Rotating Detonation Engine with Various Nozzles

Geometric throats are commonly applied to rocket combustors to increase pressure and specific impulse. This paper presents the results from thrust measurements of an ethylene/gas-oxygen rotating detonation engine with various throat geometries in a vacuum chamber to simulate varied backpressure conditions in a range of 1.1–104 kPa. For the throatless case, the detonation channel area was regarded to be equivalent the throat area, and three throat-contraction ratios were tested: 1, 2.5, and 8. Results revealed that combustor pressure was approximately proportional to equivalent throat mass flux for all test cases. Specific impulse was measured for a wide range of pressure ratios, defined as the ratio of the combustor pressure to the backpressure in the vacuum chamber. The rotating detonation engine could achieve almost the same level of optimum specific impulse for each backpressure, whether or not flow was squeezed by a geometric throat. In addition, heat-flux measurements using heat-resistant material are summarized. Temporally and spatially averaged heat flux in the engine were roughly proportional to channel mass flux. Heat-resistant material wall compatibility with two injector shapes of doublet and triplet injection is also discussed

Coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries using TAMA300 and LISM data

Japanese laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, TAMA300 and LISM, performed a coincident observation during 2001. We perform a coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries. The length of data used for the coincidence analysis is 275 hours when both TAMA300 and LISM detectors are operated simultaneously. TAMA300 and LISM data are analyzed by matched filtering, and candidates for gravitational wave events are obtained. If there is a true gravitational wave signal, it should appear in both data of detectors with consistent waveforms characterized by masses of stars, amplitude of the signal, the coalescence time and so on. We introduce a set of coincidence conditions of the parameters, and search for coincident events. This procedure reduces the number of fake events considerably, by a factor $\sim 10^{-4}$ compared with the number of fake events in single detector analysis. We find that the number of events after imposing the coincidence conditions is consistent with the number of accidental coincidences produced purely by noise. We thus find no evidence of gravitational wave signals. We obtain an upper limit of 0.046 /hours (CL $= 90$) to the Galactic event rate within 1kpc from the Earth. The method used in this paper can be applied straightforwardly to the case of coincidence observations with more than two detectors with arbitrary arm directions.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, Replaced with the version to be published in Physical Review

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

Genetic mapping of microbial and host traits reveals production of immunomodulatory lipids by Akkermansia muciniphila in the murine gut.

The molecular bases of how host genetic variation impacts the gut microbiome remain largely unknown. Here we used a genetically diverse mouse population and applied systems genetics strategies to identify interactions between host and microbe phenotypes including microbial functions, using faecal metagenomics, small intestinal transcripts and caecal lipids that influence microbe-host dynamics. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified murine genomic regions associated with variations in bacterial taxa; bacterial functions including motility, sporulation and lipopolysaccharide production and levels of bacterial- and host-derived lipids. We found overlapping QTL for the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and caecal levels of ornithine lipids. Follow-up in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that A. muciniphila is a major source of these lipids in the gut, provided evidence that ornithine lipids have immunomodulatory effects and identified intestinal transcripts co-regulated with these traits including Atf3, which encodes for a transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism and immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that ornithine lipids are potentially important for A. muciniphila-host interactions and support the role of host genetics as a determinant of responses to gut microbes