Computation of Interaural Time Difference in the Owl's Coincidence Detector Neurons

Both the mammalian and avian auditory systems localize sound sources by computing the interaural time difference (ITD) with submillisecond accuracy. The neural circuits for this computation in birds consist of axonal delay lines and coincidence detector neurons. Here, we report the first in vivo intracellular recordings from coincidence detectors in the nucleus laminaris of barn owls. Binaural tonal stimuli induced sustained depolarizations (DC) and oscillating potentials whose waveforms reflected the stimulus. The amplitude of this sound analog potential (SAP) varied with ITD, whereas DC potentials did not. The amplitude of the SAP was correlated with firing rate in a linear fashion. Spike shape, synaptic noise, the amplitude of SAP, and responsiveness to current pulses differed between cells at different frequencies, suggesting an optimization strategy for sensing sound signals in neurons tuned to different frequencies

Regardation of the Secondary Growth of Lateral Shoot and Stimulation of the Development of Inflorescence Primordia by CCC Spray after the Harvest Time of Neo Muscat Grapes in a Heated Plastic Greenhouse

欧州系ブドウ,ネオ･マスカットを12月または1月からハウス内で加温促成すると,翌年は花穂を持たない新梢が多く発生することが多い. 収穫期後（7月上旬）に腋芽中の花穂原基を無加温樹の同時期（9月上旬）のものと比べると,翌年の結果枝となるはずの基部の芽の花穂原基数が少なく,その発育程度も劣っていた. 加温樹では,その後秋までの数カ月間に旺盛な2次生長をしたが,CCCを葉面散布しておくと著しく抑えられ,冬季せん定時における花穂原基数もやや増えていた. CCCを散布した主枝では. 翌春の発芽新梢数が多く,それらの花穂着生率も高かった

BRST gauge fixing and the algebra of global supersymmetry

A global supersymmetry (SUSY) in supersymmetric gauge theory is generally broken by gauge fixing. A prescription to extract physical information from such SUSY algebra broken by gauge fixing is analyzed in path integral framework. If $\delta_{SUSY}\delta_{BRST}\Psi = \delta_{BRST}\delta_{SUSY}\Psi$ for a gauge fixing ``fermion'' $\Psi$, the SUSY charge density is written as a sum of the piece which is naively expected without gauge fixing and a BRST exact piece. If $\delta_{SUSY}\delta_{SUSY}\delta_{BRST}\Psi = \delta_{BRST}\delta_{SUSY}\delta_{SUSY}\Psi$, the equal-time anti-commutator of SUSY charge is written as a sum of a physical piece and a BRST exact piece. We illustrate these properties for N=1 and N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories and for a D=10 massive superparticle (or ``D-particle'') where the $\kappa$-symmetry provides extra complications.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, analysis of N=2 SYM is adde

Agent Based Plant Allocation and Transfer Routing of Productsin Case of Emergency

In this paper, two problems, plant allocation problem and that of transfer routing from plants to customers, are considered simultaneously. Especially, adaptation scheme for emergency cases are checked. To solve these problems, decentralized agent based optimization procedures are used. In our study, oil production and products transfer in Saudi Arabia are treated. Through numerical experiments, practicability of the proposed method is verified

Nonlinear Response of an Annular Sector Plate Subjected to In-Plane Dynamic Moment

The nonlinear dynamic instability of an annular sector plate subjected to equal and opposite time-varying moments is examined. The equation of motion describing a large deflection of the annular sector plate based upon Berger\u27s approximate equation is analyzed by the Galerkin method.The resulting equations for time variables are integrated by using the Runge-Kutta-Gill method. Numerical results are presented for various boundary conditions, damping forces, and static moments.Proceedings of the 38th Japan National Congress for Applied Mechanics, 198

BUCKLING OF AN ANNULAR SECTOR PLATE SUBJECTED TO IN-PLANE MOMENTS

"Buckling of an annular sector plate subjected to equal and opposite moments at the radial edges is examined. The governing differential equation of the plate is solved by a Galerkin method. Buckling moments and buckling modes are obtained for the annular sector plate with simply-supported radial edges and arbitrary boundary conditions along the circumferential edges.Numerical results are shown for various geometrical parameters and three different boundary conditions. Moreover，the buckling properties of an annular sector plate are compared with those of a rectangular plate and a circular beam.