On Nietzsche’s Concept of ‘European Nihilism’

<div><p>Aplog-1 is a simplified analog of the tumor-promoting aplysiatoxin with anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell lines. Our recent findings have suggested that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) could be one of the target proteins of aplog-1. In this study, we synthesized amide-aplog-1 (<b>3</b>), in which the C-1 ester group was replaced with an amide group, to improve chemical stability <i>in vivo</i>. Unfortunately, <b>3</b> exhibited seventy-fold weaker binding affinity to the C1B domain of PKCδ than that of aplog-1, and negligible anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities even at 10⁻⁴ M. A conformational analysis and density functional theory calculations indicated that the stable conformation of <b>3</b> differed from that of aplog-1. Since 27-methyl and 27-methoxy derivatives (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>) without the ability to bind to PKC isozymes exhibited marked anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities at 10⁻⁴ M, <b>3</b> may be an inactive control to identify the target proteins of aplogs.</p></div

Silverrush. Xii. Intensity Mapping for Ly Α Emission Extending over 100-1000 Comoving Kpc Around Z ∼2-7 Laes with Subaru Hsc-Ssp and Chorus Data

We conduct intensity mapping to probe for extended diffuse Lyα emission around Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ∼2-7, exploiting very deep (∼26 mag at 5σ) and large-area (∼4.5 deg2) Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam narrowband (NB) images and large LAE catalogs consisting of a total of 1540 LAEs at z = 2.2, 3.3, 5.7, and 6.6 obtained by the HSC-SSP and CHORUS projects. We calculate the spatial correlations of these LAEs with ∼1-2-billion-pixel flux values of the NB images, deriving the average Lyα surface brightness (SBLyα ) radial profiles around the LAEs. By carefully estimating systematics such as fluctuations of sky background and point-spread functions, we detect Lyα emission at 100-1000 comoving kpc around z = 3.3 and 5.7 LAEs at the 3.2σ and 3.7σ levels, respectively, and tentatively (=2.0σ) at z = 6.6. The emission is as diffuse as ∼10-20-10-19 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 and extended beyond the virial radius of a dark matter halo with a mass of 1011 M. While the observed SBLyα profiles have similar amplitudes at z = 2.2-6.6 within the uncertainties, the intrinsic SBLyα profiles (corrected for the cosmological dimming effect) increase toward high redshifts. This trend may be explained by increasing hydrogen gas density due to the evolution of the cosmic volume. Comparisons with theoretical models suggest that extended Lyα emission around an LAE is powered by resonantly scattered Lyα photons in the CGM and IGM that originate from the inner part of the LAE and/or neighboring galaxies around the LAE

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae : Comparison of Clinical Isolates of Japan and The Philippines

For clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Japan (356 and 179 strains, respectively) and in the Philippines (98 and 59 strains, respectively), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotiam, ceftizoxim, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and minocycline were examined. The rates of β-lactamase producing H. influenzae were 17.7% (63/356) in Japan and 2.0% (2/98) in the Philippines, and all of these strains were ampicillin MICs 〓1.56 ugml^. In addition, 5 strains in Japan that lacked β-lactamase activity were also less susceptible to ampicillin. Among the antimicrobials tested, ceftizoxim was the most active against H. influenzae in both countries (MICs 〓0.2 ugml^). Five strains of S. pneumoniae in Japan were relatively resistant to ampicillin (MIC=0.1 ugml^), whereas there were no such strains among isolates in the Philippines. Forty strains (22.3%) and 108 strains (60.3%) among S. pneumoniae in Japan exhibited erythromycin MICs 〓0.2 ugml^ and minocycline MICs 〓1.56 ugml^, respectively. In contrast, all isolates in the Philippines were erythromycin MICs 〓0.05 ugml^ and minocycline MICs 〓0.39 ugml^. Present study indicates that H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the Philippines remained still susceptible to the antimicrobials tested except for 2 β-lactamase-positive, ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae, whereas ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae mediated by β-lactamase or non-β-lactamase mechanisms and ampicillin-, erythromycin- or minocycline-resistant S. pneumoniae were included among isolates in Japan

ALMA Observations for CO Emission from Luminous Lyman-break Galaxies at z=6.0293z=6.0293-6.20376.2037

We present our new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations targeting CO(6-5) emission from three luminous Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at $z_{\rm spec} = 6.0293$-$6.2037$ found in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, whose [OIII]$88\mu$m and [CII]$158\mu$m emission have been detected with ALMA. We find a marginal detection of the CO(6-5) line from one of our LBGs, J0235-0532, at the $\simeq 4 \sigma$ significance level and obtain upper limits for the other two LBGs, J1211-0118 and J0217-0208. Our $z=6$ luminous LBGs are consistent with the previously found correlation between the CO luminosity and the infrared luminosity. The unique ensemble of the multiple far-infrared emission lines and underlying continuum fed to a photodissociation region model reveal that J0235-0532 has a relatively high hydrogen nucleus density that is comparable to those of low-$z$ (U)LIRGs, quasars, and Galactic star-forming regions with high $n_{\rm H}$ values, while the other two LBGs have lower $n_{\rm H}$ consistent with local star-forming galaxies. By carefully taking account of various uncertainties, we obtain total gas mass and gas surface density constraints from their CO luminosity measurements. We find that J0235-0532 locates below the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation, comparable to the previously CO(2-1) detected $z=5.7$ LBG, HZ10. Combined with previous results for dusty starbursts at similar redshifts, the KS relation at $z=5$-$6$ is on average consistent with the local one.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope and it started in March 2014. This paper presents the first public data release of HSC-SSP. This release includes data taken in the first 1.7 years of observations (61.5 nights) and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i~26.4, ~26.5, and ~27.0 mag, respectively (5sigma for point sources). All the layers are observed in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0.6 arcsec in the i-band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1-2 per cent PSF photometry (rms) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ~10 mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In addition to the pipeline products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of all the data can be found online. The data release website is https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables, moderate revision, accepted for publication in PAS

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP survey: Overview and survey design

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is a wide-field imaging camera on the prime focus of the 8.2-m Subaru telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. A team of scientists from Japan, Taiwan, and Princeton University is using HSC to carry out a 300-night multi-band imaging survey of the high-latitude sky. The survey includes three layers: the Wide layer will cover 1400 deg2 in five broad bands (grizy), with a 5 σ point-source depth of r ≈ 26. The Deep layer covers a total of 26 deg2 in four fields, going roughly a magnitude fainter, while the UltraDeep layer goes almost a magnitude fainter still in two pointings of HSC (a total of 3.5 deg2). Here we describe the instrument, the science goals of the survey, and the survey strategy and data processing. This paper serves as an introduction to a special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, which includes a large number of technical and scientific papers describing results from the early phases of this survey

Thermodynamic Properties of Tetra-n-butylammonium and Tetra-n-butylphosphonium Hydroxycarboxylate Semiclathrate Hydrates

Minamikawa K., Shimada J., Sugahara T., et al. Thermodynamic Properties of Tetra-n-butylammonium and Tetra-n-butylphosphonium Hydroxycarboxylate Semiclathrate Hydrates. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 68, 3492 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.3c00575.Semiclathrate hydrate (SCH) has been expected to be one of the phase change materials suitable for cold energy storage. In the present study, the equilibrium temperature, dissociation enthalpy, and crystal structure of tetra-n-butylammonium(TBA)-Tar, tetra-n-butylphosphonium(TBP)-Tar, and TBA-Mala SCHs were investigated, where the hydroxycarboxylate anions were malate (-Mala) and tartarate (-Tar). The maximum equilibrium temperature of each SCH system at the stoichiometric composition was (279.54 ± 0.05) K for TBA-Tar SCH, (275.44 ± 0.05) K for TBP-Tar SCH, and (278.69 ± 0.05) K for TBP-Mala SCH at atmospheric pressure. Each dissociation enthalpy was (172 ± 3) kJ·kg-1 for TBA-Tar SCH, (161 ± 3) kJ·kg-1 for TBP-Tar SCH, and (172 ± 3) kJ·kg-1 for TBP-Mala SCH. The SCHs with hydroxy group(s) in the anion of onium salts are more environmentally friendly than the SCHs with a halide anion. The environmentally friendly SCHs measured in this study could be used as refrigerants in the logistics of vegetables and fruits because the equilibrium temperature is suitable to preserve their freshness