自然言語談話解析のための大規模かつ学習可能な仮説推論に関する研究

Tohoku University乾健太郎課

Disharmonie des Erzählers und des Protagonisten – Was im Unterton des Erzählers der Novelle Der Tod in Venedig versteckt ist

Ein Vergleich der Adaptionsunterschiede in drei verschiedenen Medie

Expression and localization of aquaporin 1b during oocyte development in the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underling hydration during oocyte maturation, we characterized the structure of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) novel-water selective aquaporin 1 (AQP1b) that thought to be involved in oocyte hydration. The aqp1b cDNA encodes a 263 amino acid protein that includes the six potential transmembrane domains and two Asn-Pro-Ala motifs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed transcription of Japanese eel aqp1b in ovary and testis but not in the other tissues. In situ hybridization studies with the eel aqp1b cRNA probe revealed intense eel aqp1b signal in the oocytes at the perinucleolus stage and the signals became faint during the process of oocyte development. Light microscopic immunocytochemical analysis of ovary revealed that the Japanese eel AQP1b was expressed in the cytoplasm around the yolk globules which were located in the peripheral region of oocytes during the primary yolk globule stage; thereafter, the immunoreactivity was observed throughout the cytoplasm of oocyte as vitellogenesis progressed. The immunoreactivity became localized around the large membrane-limited yolk masses which were formed by the fusion of yolk globules during the oocyte maturation phase. These results together indicate that AQP1b, which is synthesized in the oocyte during the process of oocyte growth, is essential for mediating water uptake into eel oocytes

Developmental toxicity and brain aromatase induction by high genistein concentrations in zebrafish embryos

Genistein is a phytoestrogen found at a high level in soybeans. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that high concentrations of genistein caused toxic effects. This study was designed to test the feasibility of zebrafish embryos for evaluating developmental toxicity and estrogenic potential of high genistein concentrations. The zebrafish embryos at 24 h post-fertilization were exposed to genistein (1 × 10−4 M, 0.5 × 10−4 M, 0.25 × 10−4 M) or vehicle (ethanol, 0.1%) for 60 h. Genistein-treated embryos showed decreased heart rates, retarded hatching times, decreased body length, and increased mortality in a dose-dependent manner. After 0.25 × 10−4 M genistein treatment, malformations of survived embryos such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spinal kyphosis were also observed. TUNEL assay results showed apoptotic DNA fragments in brain. This study also confirmed the estrogenic potential of genistein by EGFP expression in the brain of the mosaic reporter zebrafish embryos. This study first demonstrated that high concentrations of genistein caused a teratogenic effect on zebrafish embryos and confirmed the estrogenic potential of genistein in mosaic reporter zebrafish embryos

Using specific recombinant gonadotropins to induce spermatogenesis and spermiation in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

[EN] New specific European eel (Anguilla anguilla) recombinant gonadotropins (aarGths) produced in the ovarian cells of Chinese hamsters (CHO) were used to induce maturation in captive male eels. In the first experiment, five different hormonal treatments were assayed: one group was given a constant dose of recombinant European eel follicle-stimulating hormone (aarFsh; 4 ¿g/fish) for 9 weeks, and the second group received a constant dose of recombinant European eel luteinizing hormone (aarLh; 2 ¿g/fish) also for 9 weeks. The other three groups were injected with different combinations of both aarGths (some doses constant, some variable). All five treatments stimulated androgen synthesis, but the increase was more pronounced in the fish treated with a combination of both aarGths. Unlike aarLh, aarFsh alone was able to induce spermiation, the best results were achieved in the fish that were treated with a constant dose of aarFSH and an increasing dose of aarLH, with spermiation being induced (20% motile cells) despite the fact that these fish were immature at the start of the experiment. In order to improve sperm quality, a second experiment was performed. Immature males received three constant doses of aarFsh (2.8, 1.4 or 0.7 ¿g/fish) and increasing doses of aarLh (every 3 weeks; 1, 2, 6 ¿g/fish). All the treatments induced spermiation, however the best sperm quality (with ¿50% motile cells) was observed in the males treated with the highest dose of aarFsh. In conclusion, these specific recombinant gonadotropins have demonstrated their capacity to induce spermatogenesis and spermiation in vivo in a teleost fish, the European eel.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 642893 (EN IMPRESS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Project REPRO-TEMP; AGL2013-41646-R), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/051), VLC/CAMPUS Program (SP20140630) and the COST Office (COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE). VG has a postdoc grant from the UPV (PAID-10-14). We would like to thank M.S. Ibanez for carrying out the ELISAs.Peñaranda, D.; Gallego Albiach, V.; Rozenfeld, C.; Herranz-Jusdado, JG.; Pérez Igualada, LM.; Gómez, A.; Giménez, I.... (2018). Using specific recombinant gonadotropins to induce spermatogenesis and spermiation in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Theriogenology. 107:6-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.002S62010