The Pedagogical Potential of Auditory Culture

The article reveals the pedagogical potential of the auditory culture, gives definitions of the terms ‘auditory social culture’ and ‘auditory personal culture’, and explores the significance of the auditory culture in harmonizing the sound environment. The author outlines the structure and the content of pedagogical approach required to develop auditory culture of elementary students.     Keywords: sound environment, auditory culture, pedagogical potential of auditory culture, formation of auditory culture, teaching methodology, junior school childre

Expedition diary — insights into the history of organizing and conducting Russian Arctic expeditions in the early XXth century

The collections belonging to the Museum-Archive of the history of study and development of the European North of the Barents Center of the Humanities — Branch of the Federal Research Center «Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (BCH KSC RAS), contain several handwritten diaries by members of Arctic expeditions organized in the first half of the XXth century. The article discusses the value of the expedition diary of a member of a Russian Arctic expedition to Dikson Island (1916), the hydrometeorologist Innokenty Tikhomirov (1890–1955), as a possible source of data on the history of organizing and conducting scientific research in the Arctic. Based on the data presented in the diary, the paper reconstructs the progress of work on the organization of the northernmost meteorological station on Dikson Island in 1916.В фондах, принадлежащих Музею-архиву истории изучения и освоения Европейского Севера Центра гуманитарных проблем Баренц региона — филиала ФИЦ КНЦ РАН, хранятся несколько рукописных дневников, авторы которых в первой половине ХХ в. были участниками арктических экспедиций. В статье рассмотрен потенциал экспедиционного дневника участника российской экспедиции на о. Диксон (1916) гидрометеоролога и климатолога Иннокентия Константиновича Тихомирова (1890–1955) как возможного исторического источника по истории организации и проведения научных исследований в Арктике. Благодаря дневнику И. К. Тихомирова реконструирован ход работ по организации в 1916 г. самой северной на тот момент метеорологической станции на о. Диксон

Spark Plasma Sintering of Boron Carbide Powder

The results presented in this article demonstrate that boron carbide ceramics of a perfect microstructure, of a high density (up to 99.8%) and microhardness (36.1 GPa) can be made from the industrial micron fraction powder thanks to spark plasma sintering, that opens prospects for wide SPS application in economical production of high-quality boron carbide ceramic products. Optimal ceramics production mode is based on B4C (technical powder), which makes the best combination of physical and mechanical properties and uniformmicrostructure. The experimentally set mode of spark-plasma sintering of highdensity B4C ceramics allows to lower the sintering temperature by 300 ∘C and to shorten the process time by 20 minutes relative to the corresponding values when traditional hot pressing. Keywords: spark - plasma sintering, boron carbide, densit

Debt Policy for the Sustainable Development of Russian Regions and Megacities

Relevance. In recent years, the role of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) bonds has been rapidly growing in the world. ESGs are used to raise funds for programs for sustainable development of territories.Research objective. The paper studies the cases of Russian regions using green bonds and considers the prospects of this tool in the Russian context.Data and Methods. The analysis focuses on the debt indicators of Russian regions and related budgetary indicators based on open source data from the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, and independent rating agencies. The methods of comparative and retrospective analysis are used to identify the state and features of regional debt policy.Results. Our analysis of the debt policy of Russian regions and megacities shows a low level of their activity in the stock market as issuers of bonds. This can be explained by the complexity of the system of subnational finances and the role of the Federation in preventing default situations, and therefore the priority use of budget loans. The city of Moscow was a pioneer in this matter in Russia. This determines the uniqueness of Moscow's experience in implementing debt policy.Conclusions. The expansion of the green bond practice will allow Russia to move forward in achieving the goals of ESG agenda, which, despite the large-scale sanctions imposed on Russia at the moment, still remains relevant

A Dynamic Axially Symmetric Goal and its Extended Solution for a Fixed Rigid Circular Multi-layer Plate

AbstractThe subject matter of the article is a fixed circular multi-layer plate and its reaction to the axially symmetrical force (direct stress) affecting its front face. The force itself is an arbitrary time and radial coordinate function. The authors apply the method of finite integral transformation (based on the theory of electroelasticity in a three-dimentional model) to develop a new closed solution. The improvement of this new solution lies in the fact that boundary conditions for cylinder and front faces of a multi-layer plate here are completely fulfilled when compared with the data obtained in previous research. The achieved ratio design allows to further analyze this multi-layer plate fluctuations frequency content as well as to analyze changing characteristics of its stress-strain behaviour and their dependence on different layers stress-strain properties

Proteomics

Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology that deals with the identification and quantification of proteins in living objects, as well as the analysis of protein functions and their interactions. Proteomics is studied by proteins that are expressed in a given cell, tissue or organism over a period of time (under certain conditions). It is known that information about the primary structure of a protein (the sequence of amino acid residues in a protein) is contained in a structural gene in the form of a codon sequence (genetic code). On the other hand, less than 10% of genes are functionally active (expressed) in the somatic cells of our body. Moreover, a distinct tissue-specific expression of genes is observed. This, in turn, leads to the peculiarities of the qualitative composition of the synthesized proteins in various tissues. No less important is the fact that the total amount of proteins synthesized by our tissues is much greater than the total number of structural genes containing information about their original structure. This phenomenon is explained by the activity of such mechanisms as alternative splicing and a wide variety of post-translational peptide processing pathways (covalent modification of a polypeptide synthesized on the ribosome) in health and disease. Thus, even a brief review of the semantic content of the term "proteomics" indicates an extremely complex system of protein molecules in our body, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis and is involved in the formation of adaptive responses in response to adverse changes in the internal and external environment

Factors of Convergence and Divergence in the Global Economy: A Brief Review

The Great Divergence, namely the divergence in per capita GDP between the first and the third worlds, started around 1820 and continued at an accelerated pace during the next half of the 19th century and at a slower pace in the 20th century. Divergence of the West was primarily associated with a technological breakthrough and economic development that led to higher labor productivity and GDP per capita. However, in the late 1980s the Great Convergence, which implied substantial advance of economic growth rates of developed West by developing countries of the third world, replaced the Great Divergence. Great Divergence was due to the improving of education and public health systems, in other words, to human capital development. There is a bulk of literature focusing on convergence or divergence of various countries. The purpose of this article is to study these factors by the means of review and systematization of relevant literature. Authors briefly analyze theoretical and empirical studies describing drivers of convergence and divergence in the global economy. They also consider statistical data on world regions for the period since 1960 until present days to justify conclusions. The article concludes that there are quite a large number of works devoted to the analysis of factors explaining the divergence or convergence trends in the world. This review is useful in terms of understanding current trends in the world economy, as well as developing scenarios of its development in the future

PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

This paper presents a review of the scientific literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in liver cirrhosis. Pneumonia occur in 4-21% of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, the most common etiology of alcohol. Often the development of pneumonia complicated by bleeding from varicose veins in the esophagus. Mortality rate is 40%, the risk factors of mortality are impaired consciousness, mnogodolevaya pneumonia, ascites, acute renal failure, bacteremia, length of hospital stay. Separately considering other options lung disease in patients with liver cirrhosis (hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension), as well as other causes of fever in liver disease. An algorithm for investigation of patients with abnormal liver function, and fever, which includes finding the source of infection, diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth syndrome, bacterial translocation and endotoxemia, and consideration of possible non-infectious causes of fever

Automophisms of Nil-Triangular Subrings of Algebras Chevalley Type G2G_2 Over Integral Domain. I

Let $N\Phi(K)$ be the nil-triangular subalgebra of the Chevalley algebra over an associative commutative ring $K$ with the identity associated with a root system $\Phi$. This paper studies the well-known problem of describing automorphisms of Lie algebras and rings $N\Phi(K)$. Automorphisms of the Lie algebra $N\Phi(K)$ under restrictions $K=2K=3K$ on ring $K$ are described by Y. Cao, D. Jiang, J. Wang (2007). When passing from algebras to Lie rings, the group of automorphisms expands. Thus, the subgroup of central automorphisms is extended, i.e. acting modulo the center, ring automorphisms induced by automorphisms of the main ring are added. For the type $A_{n}$, a description of automorphisms of Lie rings $N\Phi(K)$ over $K$ was obtained by V.M. Levchuk (1983). Automorphisms of the Lie ring $N\Phi(K)$ are described by V.M. Levchuk (1990) for type $D_4$ over $K$, and for other types by A.V. Litavrin (2017), excluding types $G_2$ and $F_4$. In this paper we describe automorphisms of a nil-triangular Lie ring of type $G_2$ over an integrity domain $K$ under the following restrictions on $K$: either $K=2K=3K$, or $3K = 0$. To study automorphisms, the upper and lower central series described in this paper, are essentially used

Quantifying the Potential Macroeconomic Consequences of Global Climate Change: What the Literature Says

Increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature observed in the last century has affected almost all countries of the world. No state has managed to escape the effects of global warming, and scientists predict that no country will escape a further increase in temperature. However, the highest temperature increases are expected in countries with relatively colder climates. The contribution of low-income developing countries, typically located in some of the hottest geographic areas of the planet, to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is negligible, both in absolute and per capita terms. This article provides a meta-analysis of quantitative estimates of the damage caused by global climate change occurring on the planet since the last century. A rise in temperature has been shown to decrease per capita production in countries with relatively high average annual temperatures, which include most low-income countries. In these countries, the negative effect has long-term nature and operates through several channels, including decrease in agricultural production and labor productivity in sectors more exposed to weather; reduction in capital accumulation and deterioration of human health. Moreover, as evidence shows, in recent years macroeconomic indicators have not become less sensitive to temperature shocks, which points at significant limitations on countries’ adaptation to climate change. Meta-analysis of climate change damage estimates documented in relevant literature will, first, provide an idea of the scale of such estimates and help to assess the current state of knowledge in this area. In addition, a meta-analysis will demonstrate sensitivity of the results of calculations regarding assessment approach, measurement errors or insufficient data, choice of sample, etc. Finally, systematization of climate damage quantitative estimates is highly likely to be of practical importance for authorities and international organizations responsible for developing measures to deal with climate change and mitigate its effects, especially for developing and poor countries, most affected by the negative effects of global warming